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Topic: Congenital malformation

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	Defects definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Choanal atresia, bilateral: congenital obstruction (membraneous or osseous) of the posterior choana or choanae.
		Anorectal atresia/stenosis: a congenital malformation characterized by absence of continuity of the anorectal canal or of communication between rectum and anus, or narrowing of anal canal, with or without fistula to neighboring organs.
		Omphalocele: a congenital malformation characterized by herniation of abdominal contentsthrough the umbilical insertion and covered by a membrane which may or may not be intact.Exclude gastroschisis (para-umbilical hernia), a- or hypoplasia of abdominal muscles, skin-covered umbilical hernia.
	www.icbd.org /definition.htm (1112 words)

	Congenital brain defects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Congenital brain defects may be caused by inherited genetic defects, spontaneous mutations within the genes of the embryo, or effects on the embryo due to the mother's infection, trauma, or drug use.
		The Dandy-Walker malformation is marked by incomplete formation, or absence of, the central section of the cerebellum, and the growth of cysts within the lowest of the brain's ventricles.
		Malformations associated with hydrocephalus (Dandy-Walker, Chiari II, and some cases of hydranencephaly) may be treated by installation of a drainage shunt for cerebrospinal fluid.
	www.lifesteps.com /gm/Atoz/ency/congenital_brain_defects_pr.jsp (1484 words)

	Congenital Aural Atresia (Nov.1999)
		Congenital aural atresia is a birth defect characterized by hypoplasia of the external auditory canal, middle ear, and occasionally the inner ear.
		In congenital aural atresia, the facial nerve is found to be displaced in 25% to 30% of all cases.
		The major malformations are poor pneumatization, abnormal or absent oval window, abnormal course of the horizontal portion of the facial nerve, and abnormalities of the inner ear.
	www.utmb.edu /otoref/Grnds/Congen-aural-atresia-9911/Congen-aural-atresia.htm (5758 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Congenital malformations have apparently been found in remains of prehistoric man and written reports of heart defects date back to some four thousand years ago, during the first Babylonian dynasty.
		The prevalence of specific malformations may however vary from country to country or from race to race suggesting that these may be associated to differences in the genetic pool related to a common ancestral origin.
		Congenital heart lesions may be classified according to the anatomical sites of malformation or to the ensuing disturbances in the circulatory physiology.
	www.sportsci.org /encyc/drafts/Congenital_cardiac_lesions.doc (2950 words)

	Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation
		Congenital lobar emphysema (CLE), the most common neonatal cause of cystic malformation of the lung, is frequently associated with congenital heart disease (30%) such as tetrology of Fallot, ventral septal defect, total anomalous venous return and patent ductus arteriosus.3 CLE results with distal overinflation of otherwise normal tissue caused by partial airway obstruction.
		Pathogenesis of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung.
		Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung: classification and morphologic spectrum.
	www.ispub.com /ostia/index.php?xmlFilePath=journals/ijanp/vol5n2/ccam.xml (2109 words)

	CCAM in Depth, Fetal Care Center of Cincinnati
		Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation / CCAM of the lung is a relatively rare abnormality that appears on an ultrasound as a solid or cystic mass (tumor) of pulmonary tissue that has an abundance of bronchial structures (breathing channels).
		Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation can be detected by a detailed ultrasound using color flow Doppler and by ultrafast fetal MRI to confirm the diagnosis and document size and location of the Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation.
		Prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis of congenital adenomatoid malformation of the lung.
	www.fetalcarecenter.org /medicine/therapies/ccam/ccam-details.htm (2664 words)

	Birth Defects Link (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Congenital dislocation of hip: a malformation of the hip that is present at birth.
		Congenital insufficiency of aortic valve: is a heart valve disease in which the aortic valve weakens or balloons, preventing the valve from closing tightly.
		Congenital mitral stenosis: mitral stenosis is a narrowing or obstruction of the opening of the mitral valve, which separates the upper and lower chambers on the left side of the heart.
	www.icbd.org /link.htm (9097 words)

	Congenital Malformations Registry - 1996 Report
		The Congenital Malformations Registry Summary Report presents rates of congenital malformations occurring among the 520,587 children who were born alive to New York residents in 1996 and 1997.
		Congenital malformations are the leading cause of infant mortality in the United States.
		The Congenital Malformations Registry receives case reports on children diagnosed up to two years of age who were born or reside in New York State with a congenital malformation, chromosomal anomaly or persistent metabolic defect.
	www.health.state.ny.us /nysdoh/cmr/1996/96report.htm (1608 words)

	iScoliosis.com - Causes - Congenital Scoliosis
		Congenital scoliosis is defined as a curvature of the spine that is the result of malformations of the vertebral elements.
		Malformations of the spinal cord are also common, and medical attention should be sought if there is any suggestion of an intraspinal problem such as dimples or hairy patches over the skin of the back, pain, or spasticity in the lower extremities.
		When your doctor recommends a treatment plan for congenital scoliosis, it is based on the prediction of the potential abnormal growth associated with your child's particular pattern of spinal malformations.
	www.iscoliosis.com /causes-congenital.html (905 words)

	eMedicine - Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation : Article by Gerald Mandell, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Anteroposterior radiograph of a patient with congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation with bilateral basilar cystic disease at several weeks of age.
		Miller RK, Sieber WK, Yunis EJ: Congenital adenomatoid malformation of the lung.
		Stocker JT, Madewell JE, Drake RM: Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung.
	www.emedicine.com /radio/topic186.htm (2711 words)

	THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 19, Ch. 261, Congenital Anomalies
		Congenital anomalies may be inherited or sporadic, isolated or multiple, apparent or hidden, gross or microscopic.
		A major anomaly is apparent at birth in 3 to 4% of newborns; up to 7.5% of children manifest a congenital defect by age 5 yr.
		Incidence varies with the type of defect; the geographic area, presumably due to genetic and/or environmental factors (spina bifida occurs in 3 to 4/1000 births in areas of Ireland but in 1/1000 in the USA); and cultural practices (consanguineous marriages increase the risk of genetic abnormalities).
	www.merck.com /pubs/mmanual/section19/chapter261/261a.htm (347 words)

	Fetal Surgery for CCAM, Fetal Care Center of Cincinnati
		Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation / CCAM is a rare pulmonary maldevelopment that is usually restricted to one lobe of the lung.
		Cha I, et al: Fetal congenital cystic adenomatoid malformations of the lung: A clinicopathologic study of eleven cases.
		Mashiach R, et al: Antenatal ultrasound diagnosis of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung: Spontaneous resolution in utero.
	www.fetalcarecenter.org /medicine/therapies/ccam/surgery-ccam.htm (1786 words)

	Pediatric Surgery
		Congenital lung malformations are a family of structural developmental abnormalities of the lung that arise from an error in the embryologic development of the lung.
		It is usually located in, and limited to, one of the lower lobes. A large abnormal blood vessel, typically arising from the aorta (the main artery bringing blood from the heart to the body), enters the sequestration.
		Whether or not surgery is indicated for all lung malformations is controversial, and the answer is not known.
	www.babysurg.org /lung.html (815 words)

	Med glossary: congenital anomaly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		A physical defect existing in a baby at birth (and usually before), irrespective of whether the defect is caused by a genetic factor or by prenatal events that are not genetic.
		In a malformation, the development of a structure is arrested, delayed, or misdirected early in embryonic life and the effect is permanent.
		Heather supposedly had a congenital malformation of the small intestine which resulted in part of it being smaller and narrower inside than a normal intestine.
	fansites.heatherorourke.net /mini-biography/medglossary/congenitalanomaly.htm (100 words)

	Management of antenatally diagnosed pulmonary sequestration associated with congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation ...
		The histological features are of Stocker type 2 congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation within a sequestrated lobe due to the presence of normal distal lung parenchyma.
		Congenital adenomatoid malformation of one lobe of a lung with general anasarca.
		Sonographic characteristics of antenatally diagnosed extralobar pulmonary sequestration and congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation.
	thorax.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/54/8/701 (2808 words)

	Congenital malformation definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Congenital malformation: A physical defect present in a baby at birth, irrespective of whether the defect is caused by a genetic factor or by prenatal events that are not genetic.
		Congenital malformations are now the leading cause of infant mortality (death) in the United States (and many other developed nations).
		The parents of children with congenital malformations are encouraged to discuss the specifics of the effects of the defect on their child's current condition with their child's doctor.
	www.medicinenet.com /script/main/art.asp?ArticleKey=2820 (304 words)

	Congenital Malformations Registry - 1995 Annual Report
		This report presents rates of congenital malformations occurring among the 271,042 children who were born alive to New York State residents in 1995.
		Case reports are received on forms (see the complete Congenital Malformations Registry Annual Report in PDF format) provided by the Department of Health (DOH).
		Malformations due to presumed spontaneous mutations in newborn infants.
	www.health.state.ny.us /nysdoh/cmr/1995/95report.htm (1572 words)

	Congenital Malformation MCQ's (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Chiari II Malformation: The spinal cord is displaced upwards so that the upper cervical nerve roots descend to their exit foramina.
		In 90% of patients with Chiari II malformation and myelomeningocele the IQ is normal.
		The incidence of myelomeningocele and Chiari II malformation is 2 -3 per 1000 births.
	drkhan.sasktelwebsite.net /cm.htm (292 words)

	Congenital disorder
		Birth defect is a widely-used term for a structural malformation of a body part, recognizable at birth, which is significant enough to be considered a problem.
		A congenital physical anomaly is a difference, an abnormality, of the structure of a body part.
		A congenital malformation is a deleterious physical anomaly, a structural defect perceived as a problem.
	www.mrsci.com /Congenital-Disorders/Congenital_disorder.php (1119 words)

	What is the Chiari Malformation?
		The Chiari I Malformation is considered a congenital malformation, although there have been some reported cases of an acquired form.
		It is characterized by a small or misshapen posterior fossa (the compartment in the back of the skull), a reduction in cerebrospinal fluid pathways and a protrusion of the cerebellar tonsils through the bottom of the skull (foramen magnum) into the spinal canal.
		It is recommended that patients diagnosed with a Chiari Malformation have the entire spine imaged to rule out the presence of a syrinx, since it may be a consideration in treatment and prognosis.
	www.asap.org /chiari-malformation.html (633 words)

	Congenital cardiac anomalies with vein of Galen malformations in infants -- McElhinney et al. 78 (6): 548 -- Archives ...
		Congenital cardiac anomalies with vein of Galen malformations in infants -- McElhinney et al.
		Congenital cardiac anomalies with vein of Galen malformations in infants
		Vein of Galen malformations are the most common form of symptomatic cerebrovascular malformation in neonates and infants.
	adc.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/78/6/548 (2085 words)

	Congenital Torticollis -- Topic Overview
		Congenital torticollis occurs when the neck muscle that runs up and toward the back of your baby's neck (sternocleidomastoid muscle) is shortened.
		Some cases of congenital torticollis are caused by a bone problem in the neck portion of the spine
		This is known as a congenital malformation of the cervical spine.
	www.webmd.com /hw/raising_a_family/tp22217.asp (216 words)

	Chiari malformation - MayoClinic.com
		Chiari malformation, also called Arnold-Chiari malformation, is a rare abnormality at the base of the brain that results in brain tissue extending into the upper end of the spinal canal.
		Chiari malformation is unrelated to Budd-Chiari syndrome, a blockage of the hepatic vein that carries blood away from the liver.
		Chiari malformation is divided into several types based on the degree of displacement of the brain tissue into the spinal canal.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/chiari-malformation/AN00506 (434 words)

	Vascular Disease Foundation \| Congenital Vascular Malformation (CVM) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Other vascular malformations can develop from any type of blood vessel and develop in any part of the body, although the majority involves the extremities.
		This type usually does not affect the venous circulation which returns blood to the heart, but these masses of venous malformation can be unsightly, cumbersome, or be the site of blood clots (which fortunately, are not the kind that travel to the heart or lungs).
		Arterial defects or malformations are the least common type of CVM, being responsible for only 1-2 percent of the total.
	www.vdf.org /CVM (1108 words)

	Congenital definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		A condition that is congenital is one that is present at birth.
		Versus "genetic": One dictionary erroneously defines "congenital" as meaning: "Occurring prior to birth, due to parent's genetic input." Congenital does not mean genetic.
		Timing: Something that is congenital may or may not occur "prior to birth." The essential feature is that it is there at birth (if not before).
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=15599 (205 words)

	News - Congenital Malformation Risk Tripled By Epilepsy Therapy During Pregnancy
		Women who take antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy have triple the risk of congenital malformation or developmental delay in their offspring.
		When children from families with a history of developmental delay were excluded, the researchers found that 19 percent of exposed children, and only 3 percent of non-exposed siblings, had such problems.
		Overall, 31 percent of exposed children had either major malformations or developmental delay; 52 percent had facial dysmorphism, compared with 25 percent of children not exposed; 31 percent had childhood medical problems, compared with 13 percent among non-exposed siblings; and 20 percent had behavior disorders, compared with 5 percent among non-exposed siblings.
	www.docguide.com /news/content.nsf/news/852569780017887A85256B9D0058F5CD?OpenDocument&c=Epilepsy&count=10&id=48dde4a73e09a969852568880078c249 (640 words)

	Medical Genetics and Congenital Malformation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		A physician should be able to distinguish between genetic and non-genetic congenital disorders, as well as recognize genetic diseases presenting later in childhood.
		A genetic disorder, a condition caused by abnormal genes or chromosomes, should be contrasted with a congenital malformation, one which is apparent at birth and not known to be related to any specific genetic abnormality.
		Genetic abnormalities may produce congenital malformations, metabolic disturbances, specific organ dysfunction and abnormalities of sexual differentiation.
	www.unmc.edu /Community/comsep/modules/knowled9.htm (205 words)

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