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Topic: Congenital mitral malformation

	Congenital Malformations Registry - 1995 Annual Report
		Congenital hip dislocation A congenital defect in which the head of the femur does not articulate with the acetabulum of the pelvis because of an abnormal shallowness of the acetabulum.
		Hypospadias A congenital defect in which the urinary meatus (urinary outlet) is on the underside of the penis or on the perineum (area between the genitals and the anus).
		Tricuspid valve atresia or stenosis A congenital cardiac condition characterized by the absence or constriction of the tricuspid valve.
	www.health.state.ny.us /diseases/congenital_malformations/1995/append5.htm (2242 words)

	Annotated Web Guide Of Congenital Malformations
		Anorectal atresia/stenosis: it is a congenital malformation characterized by absence of continuity of the anorectal canal or of communication between rectum and anus, or narrowing of anal canal, with or without fistula to neighboring organs.
		Choanal atresia, bilateral: congenital obstruction (membraneous or osseous) of the posterior choana or choanae.
		Congenital dislocation of hip: a malformation of the hip that is present at birth.
	www.malattiemetaboliche.it /articoli/Congenital_Malformations.htm (3708 words)

	Mitral valve diseases
		The mitral valve and the tricuspid valve are known as the atrioventricular valves, because they lie between the atria and the ventricles of the heart.
		Mitral valve stenosis (narrowing of the mitral valve) is always caused by rheumatic fever, an attack on the valve leaflets by the immune system after certain infections.
		Mitral valve repair and replacement - Mitral valve replacement surgery is open-heart surgery that is done while the patient is under general anesthesia.
	heart-disease.health-cares.net /mitral-valve-disease.php (1328 words)

	Mitral valve regurgitation
		Mitral valve regurgitation — or mitral regurgitation — is a condition in which the mitral valve doesn't close tightly, which allows blood to flow backward in your heart.
		Mitral valve prolapse is a condition in which the leaflets and supporting cords of the mitral valve weaken.
		Mitral valve regurgitation may result from damage to the cords that anchor the flaps of the mitral valve to the heart wall.
	www.cnn.com /HEALTH/library/DS/00421.html (3408 words)

	Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung coexisting with recombinant chromosome 18.
		Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) is an abnormality of branching morphogenesis of the lung.
		Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) of the lung is a congenital lesion that is sometimes complicated by bronchioloalveolar adenocarcinoma (BAC).
	www.thedoctorsdoctor.com /diseases/lung_ccam.htm (7405 words)

	Congenital Heart Disease Glossary of Terms with Definitions on MedicineNet.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Apert syndrome: A malformation syndrome characterized by a high short skull, underdevelopment of the midface, soft tissue and bony ("mitten glove") fusion of fingers and toes, fusion of the neck vertebrae, and varying degrees of developmental delay/mental retardation.
		Mitral valve: A valve in the heart situated between the left atrium and the left ventricle that permits blood to flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle but not in the reverse direction.
		Mitral valve prolapse is often an asymptomatic condition but it may be marked by mitral regurgitation with symptoms (as chest pain, fatigue, dizziness, dyspnea, or palpitations) with a tendency in some cases to endocarditis or ventricular tachycardia.
	www.medicinenet.com /congenital_heart_disease/glossary.htm (6843 words)

	Birth Defects Link (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Choanal atresia, bilateral: congenital obstruction (membraneous or osseous) of the posterior choana or choanae.
		Congenital insufficiency of aortic valve: is a heart valve disease in which the aortic valve weakens or balloons, preventing the valve from closing tightly.
		Congenital mitral stenosis: mitral stenosis is a narrowing or obstruction of the opening of the mitral valve, which separates the upper and lower chambers on the left side of the heart.
	www.icbd.org /link.htm (9097 words)

	Mitral Valve Disease
		Mitral valve insufficiency is the most common acquired cardiac disease in older dogs, affecting over one third of dogs greater than 10 years of age.
		Early signs that the heart is no longer able to compensate for mitral valve disease may include a reduced tolerance for exercise, difficulties in breathing, or a cough at night or at rest.
		One obstacle to controlling mitral valve disease is that clinical signs associated with the disorder are generally not evident until after a dog has reached breeding age.
	www.btca.com /Health/articles/HCmitralvalve.htm (873 words)

	Mitral valve stenosis
		Mitral valve stenosis — or mitral stenosis — is a condition in which the heart's mitral valve is narrowed.
		Mitral valve stenosis is narrowing of the mitral valve.
		Mitral valve prolapse is a disorder in which the mitral valve sags instead of closing tightly.
	www.cnn.com /HEALTH/library/DS/00420.html (3681 words)

	Dogs - Hereditary and Congenital Diseases \| Article: NZYMES.COM
		This report was designed to catalogue the existing congenital and hereditary diseases found in purebred dogs and to describe other common conditions that are thought to be genetic in origin because they appear with higher-than-expected frequency in certain breeds.
		Hepatic portosystemic shunt or arteriovenous fistula: a malformation of blood vessels in the liver or an abnormal communication between the arteries and veins in the liver.
		Mitral valve defects: a group of abnormalities of the mitral valve of the heart.
	www.biopet.com /Articles/hereditary_congenital_diseases_in_dogs.htm (8303 words)

	Congenital Heart Disease in Adults
		This anomaly is due to a defect in the tricuspid valve (TV) with the septal and posterior leaflets displaced down into the right ventricle, while the anterior leaflet is malformed and abnormally attached to the RV free wall (see figure 23e).
		The aortic and mitral valves are atretic, hypoplastic, or stenotic (figures 44g-1, 44g-2 and figure 23a).
		Currently, the survival rate of infants treated with these surgical approaches is similar to that of infants with other complex forms of congenital heart disease in which a 2-ventricle repair is not possible.
	www.rjmatthewsmd.com /Definitions/congenital_heart_disease.htm (10625 words)

	VM 8754 CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
		Congenital tricuspid dysplasia appears to be on the increase based on the University of Pennsylvania study.
		Congenital heart defects are generally associated with various types of murmurs and distinct heart sounds.
		Whenever possible, a necropsy should be performed in the case of stillbirths, death of neonates, or death of animals considered suspicious for cardiovascular disease to determine the presence and severity of a lesion.
	education.vetmed.vt.edu /Curriculum/VM8754/V.html (5995 words)

	Types of CHD and their Descriptions
		Congenital aortic stenosis occurs in 3 to 6 percent of all children with congenital heart defects.
		Therefore, the mitral and aortic valves are usually tiny or absent, as are the the left ventricle and the first part of the aorta.
		In this congenital heart defect, the aorta (the main artery that carries blood to the body) originates from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery (the artery that carries low-oxygen blood to the lungs) from the left ventricle.
	www.congenitalheartdefects.com /typesofCHD.html (7813 words)

	Dogs - Hereditary and Congenital Diseases \| Article: NZYMES.COM
		This report was designed to catalogue the existing congenital and hereditary diseases found in purebred dogs and to describe other common conditions that are thought to be genetic in origin because they appear with higher-than-expected frequency in certain breeds.
		Hepatic portosystemic shunt or arteriovenous fistula: a malformation of blood vessels in the liver or an abnormal communication between the arteries and veins in the liver.
		Mitral valve defects: a group of abnormalities of the mitral valve of the heart.
	www.nzymes.com /Articles/hereditary_congenital_diseases_in_dogs.htm (8303 words)

	Mitral Stenosis
		In contrast to isolated congenital infantile valvular aortic stenosis, a condition in which the valve leaflets are often primitive and deformed, aortic valvotomy and/or subsequent valve replacement are not necessary, resulting in a better long-term prognosis.
		Nine heart specimens with aortic and mitral atresia (group 1) were studied and compared with 19 hearts with aortic atresia and mitral stenosis (group 2) (EFE of the LV was present in all cases) and 10 normal hearts.
		Mitral valve replacement and bypass are high-risk operations in the infant with severe mitral stenosis.
	www.pediheart.org /searches/topic/ms.htm (5439 words)

	Congenital Cardiovascular Defects
		Congenital means inborn or existing at birth. Among the terms you may hear are congenital heart defect, congenital heart disease and congenital cardiovascular disease. The word "defect" is more accurate than "disease." A congenital cardiovascular defect occurs when the heart or blood vessels near the heart don't develop normally before birth.
		Congenital cardiovascular defects are present in about 1 percent of live births.
		Some congenital cardiovascular defects let blood flow between the heart's right and left chambers. This happens when a baby is born with an opening between the wall (septum) that separates the right and left sides of the heart.
	walk.americanheart.org /presenter.jhtml?identifier=4565 (2130 words)

	What is Mitral Valve Prolapse? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Mitral valve prolapse does not pose problems for infants, unless it is severe or associated with other congenital heart defects, but it tends to worsen with age.
		Mitral valve prolapse can be a congenital condition, or it can be caused by bacterial endocarditis.
		There is some evidence to suggest that congenital mitral valve prolapse may be genetic, as it tends to be present in more than one family member.
	www.wisegeek.com /what-is-mitral-valve-prolapse.htm (524 words)

	OFA Congenital Heart Disease Registry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Many congenital heart defects are thought to be genetically transmitted from parents to offspring; however, the exact modes of inheritance have not been precisely determined for all cardiovascular malformations.
		While moderate to severe cardiovascular malformations can generally be recognized by two-dimensional echocardiography, mild defects (which are often of great concern to breeders of dogs) may not be identifiable by tbis method alone.
		The mitral valve area is located over and immediately dorsal to the palpable left apical impulse and is identified by palpation with the tips of the fingers.
	devinefarm.net /health/ofaheart.htm (3060 words)

	WOCKHARDT HOSPITAL-Know your Heart- Valve Disease (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Congenital Heart Disease is a structural malformation of heart or great vessels present at birth not necessarily detected at birth.
		Abnormalities in the heart and great vessels at birth maybe due to intrauterine development errors or to the failure of the heart and blood vessels to adapt to the extra uterine life (involution).
		Is the progressive thickening and contracture of mitral valve cusps(flaps) with narrowing of opening of the mitral valve and progressive obstruction of blood flow to the left ventricle.
	www.whhi.com /congenital.htm (1095 words)

	Philadelphia Adult Congenital Heart Center: Glossary (C)
		Cardiac location is affected by many factors including underlying cardiac malformation, abnormalities of mediastinal and thoracic structures, tumours, kyphoscoliosis, abnormalities of the diaphragm.
		Congenital heart defects seen in the CHARGE association are: tetralogy of Fallot with or without other cardiac defects, atrioventricular septal defect, double outlet right ventricle, double inlet left ventricle, transposition of the great arteries, interrupted aortic arch and others.
		In congenital heart disease cyanosis is generally due to right to left shunting through congenital cardiac defects, bypassing the pulmonary alveoli, or due to acquired intrapulmonary shunts (central cyanosis).
	philachd.org /glossary/c.html (1484 words)

	eMedicine - Congenitally Corrected Transposition : Article Excerpt by: Stacy D Fisher, MD
		Background: Congenitally corrected transposition of the great vessels is a rare congenital heart defect associated with multiple cardiac morphological abnormalities and conduction defects.
		As many as 40 infants per 100,000 live births are affected by congenitally corrected transposition of the great vessels; this is fewer than 1% of all congenital heart defects.
		Most pediatric cardiologists have seen multiple cases of congenitally corrected transposition of the great vessels; however, the true prevalence of the malformation is not known.
	www.emedicine.com /med/byname/congenitally-corrected-transposition.htm (393 words)

	Philadelphia Adult Congenital Heart Center: Glossary (D)
		The mitral valve orifice is partially or completely divided into two parts by a fibrous bridge of tissue.
		Congenital heart defects are frequent, atrioventricular septal defect and ventricular septal defect being the most common.
		Mitral valve prolapse and aortic regurgitation may be present.
	philachd.org /glossary/d.html (950 words)

	Doctors Without Borders: Life in the Field
		The mitral valve controls the flow of blood from the left atrium into the left ventricle of the heart.
		Normally, when the left ventricle contracts, the mitral valve closes and blood flows out of the heart through the aortic valve and into the aorta.
		However, mitral regurgitation increases the risk of bacterial endocarditis, an infection in the lining of the heart.
	www.doctorswithoutborders.org /ng/ep13/ep13_qa.html (476 words)

	Congenital heart disease
		Among the terms you may hear are congenital heart defect, congenital heart disease and congenital cardiovascular disease.
		The word "defect" is more accurate than "disease." A congenital cardiovascular defect occurs when the heart or blood vessels near the heart don't develop normally before birth.
		This condition may be congenital or may be due to a particular form of cardiomyopathy known as "idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis" (I.H.S.S.).
	mtmt.essortment.com /congenitalheart_rylu.htm (1430 words)

	Mitral Valve Dysplasia - The Merck Veterinary Manual
		Congenital malformation of the mitral valve complex (mitral valve dysplasia) is a common congenital cardiac defect in cats.
		Any component of the mitral valve complex (valve leaflets, chordae tendineae, papillary muscles) may be malformed, and often more than one component is defective.
		Echocardiography demonstrates malformation of the mitral valve complex (fused chordae tendineae and thickened, immobile valve leaflets, abnormal appearance to the papillary muscles) and left atrial and ventricular dilatation.
	www.merckvetmanual.com /mvm/htm/bc/11114.htm (357 words)

	Congenital Heart Defects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Congenital heart diseases are defects, malformations, or developmental problems present since birth.
		Approximately 1% of patients are born with congenital defects, making heart defects the most common form of congenital defect seen at birth.
		The most common congenital malformations are septal defects (either atrial septal defect (ASD) or ventricular septal defect (VSD)), transposition of the great arteries, and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).
	www.medical.siemens.com /webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/CategoryDisplay?storeId=10001&langId=-1&catalogId=-1&catTree=100004,16612,16606&categoryId=16606&pageId=4018 (1653 words)

	Atrioventricular Septal Defects
		Normally, there are two of these: a valve to connect the atrial and ventricular chambers on the right side of the heart (the mitral valve), and a valve to connect these chambers on the left side of the heart (the tricuspid valve).
		Of course, it should be mentioned that the above constitutes a standard description of the most common form of this defect, which results from the lack of the atria and ventricles to correctly divide into separate chambers very early in the course of fetal development.
		The effects of this defect upon the body are not unlike those manifested by the VSD and the ASD.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/congenital_heart_disease/37203 (432 words)

	Congenital Heart Disease - Heart Disease and other cardiovascular conditions on MedicineNet.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Congenital heart disease (CHD) is malformation of the heart or the large blood vessels near the heart.
		Alternative names for CHD include: congenital heart defect, congenital heart malformation, congenital cardiovascular disease, congenital cardiovascular defect, and congenital cardiovascular malformation.
		Congenital heart disease is the most frequent form of major birth defects in newborns affecting close to 1% of newborn babies (8 per 1,000).
	www.medicinenet.com /congenital_heart_disease/article.htm (380 words)

	SAS - Congenital Heart Disease Registry, Cardiac Registry, Heart Clearance Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Dogs with congenital heart disease - The veterinarian and owner are encouraged to submit all evaluations, whether normal or abnormal, for the purpose of completeness of data collection and to assist in the analysis of inheritance of important canine congenital heart defects.
		While moderate to severe cardiovascular malformations can generally be recognized by two-dimensional echocardiography, mild defects (which are often of great concern to breeders of dogs) may not be identifiable by this method alone.
		Typical echocardiographic features of common congenital heart defects are indicated in Table I. Special attention should be directed to the assessment of flow patterns and velocities in the left ventricular outlet and ascending aorta.
	www.mapleridgegoldens.com /sas-.htm (3132 words)

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