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| eMedicine - Congestive Heart Failure and Pulmonary Edema : Article by Shamai Grossman, MD, MS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20) |
 | | valvular heart disease, hypertension, peripheral edema, jugular venous distention, tachycardia, coronary artery disease, congenital heart disease, myocarditis, infectious endocarditis, pulmonary embolus, hyperthyroidism |
 | | CHF often is precipitated by cardiac ischemia or dysrhythmias, cardiac or extracardiac infection, pulmonary embolus, physical or environmental stresses, changes or noncompliance with medical therapy, dietary indiscretion, or iatrogenic volume overload. |
 | | Failure to recognize and initiate early management of a patient presenting with signs and symptoms of CHF and pulmonary edema is a pitfall because therapy must begin with the ABCs, and early treatment should include nitrates and diuretics, if hemodynamics are stable. |
| www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic108.htm (5884 words) |
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