Congo Crisis - Factbites

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Topic: Congo Crisis

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	Congo Crisis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Congo Crisis (1960-1965) was a period of turmoil in the First Republic of the Congo that began with national independence from Belgium and ended with the seizing of power by Joseph Mobutu.
		The independent Republic of the Congo was declared on 30 June 1960, with Joseph Kasavubu as President and Patrice Lumumba as Prime Minister.
		It shared a name with the neighboring Republic of the Congo to the west, a French colony that also gained independence in 1960, and the two were normally differentiated by also stating the name of the relevant capital city, so Congo (Léopoldville) versus Congo (Brazzaville).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Congo_Crisis (2048 words)

	CNN.com - Congo volcano crisis deepens - January 19, 2002
		GOMA, Congo -- Refugees are continuing to flee a devastating volcanic eruption in central Africa amid fears of a major humanitarian crisis in the region.
		The Nyiragongo volcano is one of eight on the borders of Rwanda, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda.
		Experts said the eruption was the worst in central Africa for 25 years, with fires raging and tremours still being recorded on Saturday throughout the Rwanda-Democratic Republic of Congo border region.
	archives.cnn.com /2002/WORLD/africa/01/19/congo.volcano.0715 (795 words)

	U.S. Department of State on the Congo
		During the Congo crisis of 1960-1961, both the Eisenhower and Kennedy administrations were deeply concerned with the threat of Soviet domination of the Republic of the Congo (now Zaire) and with Soviet influence on the charismatic Patrice Lumumba and his followers.
		The recurrent crisis in the Republic of the Congo (now Zaire) was one of the key problems of U.S. foreign policy in the first 2 years of the Presidency of John F. Kennedy, as it had been in the last 6 months of the Presidency of Dwight D.
		For 14 months after the outbreak of the crisis in July 1960, the threat of Soviet domination of the Congo through Soviet influence on the charismatic Patrice Lumumba and on his followers was a major concern of both the Eisenhower and Kennedy administrations.
	shs.westport.k12.ct.us /jwb/Collab/PWB/StDept.htm (6827 words)

	It's Our U.N.! Congo Crisis by E.K.Bensah II
		I think to be fair, it is quite difficult generally to fairly compare and contrast the Congo with Rwanda, because with respect to the former, over two decades have elapsed since the conflict, and therefore, there has been a slew of information regarding the analyses of the crisis.
		One of the advantages of working on the Congo crisis is that there are countless sources on this issue.
		In fact, character he brought, and no where did he best exemplify this, as well as invoke the said article 99, than with the crisis in Congo in 1960.
	un_org.tripod.com /congo (2917 words)

	CNN.com - More than 40 dead as volcano devastates Congolese city - January 20, 2002
		Goma is on the edge of Lake Kivu on the Democratic Republic of Congo's border with Rwanda.
		On Saturday, Red Cross workers in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Rwanda estimated the death toll at 47.
		GOMA, Congo (CNN) -- Lava edged with black crust inched through the eastern Congolese city of Goma on Saturday, nearly two days after Mount Nyiragongo erupted, killing more than 40 people and forcing thousands to flee.
	archives.cnn.com /2002/WORLD/africa/01/19/congo.volcano (528 words)

	The Congo Crisis
		Rwanda’s Tutsi-led government is fighting to establish a buffer zone in eastern Congo to protect Rwanda from the Hutu militia and former army soldiers who committed genocide in Rwanda in 1994 and who continue to threaten destabilization of the country.
		Most of their fighting is in eastern Congo close to their home countries rather than on the front lines of the war.
		Despite the Congo’s wealth, its infrastructure is poor and deteriorating.
	www.fundforpeace.org /media/speeches/leader03.php (3333 words)

	monuc.org: UN warns of DR Congo crisis ::: 14/02/2005
		The United Nations is warning of a crisis in the Democratic Republic of Congo, where up to 80,000 people have fled fighting - half of those this week.
		UN peacekeepers are present in the Democratic Republic of Congo but a peace agreement to end a five-year civil war is failing.
		The UN is now warning of a looming humanitarian crisis.
	www.monuc.org /news.aspx?newsID=5564 (135 words)

	Congo (Kinshasa): Statements on Crisis
		Since 1994 our country is living the consequences of the Rwanda crisis and the war of liberation, with the tragic humanitarian situation of refugees and displaced Congo populations.
		We particularly urge them to keep in mind that, to be a valid and positive contribution to solving the current political crisis in Congo, any agreement coming out of this mini-summit should refer to and take into consideration the major provisions of the political framework that was developed by the National Sovereign Conference (NSC).
		CNONGD is in solidarity with the President of the Republic, the Government and the Congo Armed Forces in efforts to preserve territorial integrity and restore Peace throughout the country.
	www.africaaction.org /docs98/con9809a.htm (2168 words)

	Scotsman.com News - Latest News - Security Council to Discuss Growing Congo Crisis
		In Kinshasa, Congo’s capital, UN spokeswoman Patricia Tome said she was ”astonished” at Rwanda’s threat, saying it came at a time when they hoped to be able to speed up the disarmament effort.
		Congo asked the UN Security Council for an emergency session to condemn Rwanda’s threat and to impose sanctions against Kagame.
		Uganda today denied UN reports that it was deploying troops along Congo’s border as a precaution against Ugandan rebels dislodged by stepped-up military action in the region.
	www.buzztracker.org /2004/12/02/cache/399895.html (418 words)

	International Crisis Group (Crisis Group) - Conflict prevention and resolution
		Click here for the letter submitted by Crisis Group to UN Secretary General Kofi Annan urging the international community – and the Security Council in particular – to support the transitionand secure lasting peace in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 21 March 2005.
		The Congo's Transition Is Failing: Crisis in the Kivus, Africa Report N°91, 30 March 2005
		Congo At War: A Briefing of the Internal and External Players in the Central African Conflict, Africa Report N°2, 17 November 1998
	www.crisisgroup.org /home/index.cfm?id=1174&l=1 (477 words)

	Democratic Republic of Congo - UN Security Council - Global Policy Forum
		Nancy Soderbergh of the International Crisis Group argues that an improved security situation in the Democratic Republic of Congo is essential to safeguard the fragile peace deal between rebels and the government.
		This Christian Science Monitor piece compares the UN's bold response to the murder of nine peacekeepers in the Democratic Republic of Congo with its cautious approach to the crisis in Darfur.
		Congo maintains a heavy military presence on the border in fear of a Rwandan attack to hunt down the Hutu militia.
	www.globalpolicy.org /security/issues/kongidx.htm (6452 words)

	Dragon operations: hostage rescues in the Congo, 1964-1965
		Although the circumstances and considerations of the Congo crisis are unique to that situation, the case study reveals broader interoperability patterns that continually must be addressed in joint and combined operations.
		During the early years of the Congo crisis, United States European Command (USEUCOM) had operational control of the airlift supporting the UN, though most of the squadrons involved were deployed out of the United States.
		President Johnson, in contrast to his predecessor, did not consider the Congo a high priority situation in comparison with the Gulf of Tonkin incident and a new crisis between Turkey and Greece.
	www-cgsc.army.mil /carl/resources/csi/odom/odom.asp (17994 words)

	BBC NEWS World Africa UN 'misled' over DR Congo crisis
		The war in DR Congo, which has spread throughout central Africa, is one of the deadliest of our generation.
		A UN panel investigating that embargo reported in January that DR Congo's neighbour, Rwanda, had violated it by mounting a military incursion.
		This false allegation endangered the peace process in DR Congo, he says.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/africa/4415061.stm (294 words)

	allAfrica.com: Congo-Kinshasa: Fears For Extended Crisis in Eastern Congo
		Political scientist Herbert Weiss, speaking as part of a panel discussion on the Congo crisis at the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, DC last Friday, said the UN response to the Congo crisis has been too little, too late.
		The development of a "discourse of hate and fear" makes the northeastern Congo "similar" to Rwanda during the buildup to its genocide, she said.
		And in a report last month Uganda's Congo Probe Commission seemed to agree with the UN, recommending that disciplinary action be taken against Kazini.
	allafrica.com /stories/200306120426.html (1382 words)

	Introduction To Dag Hammarskjöld Stamps
		In response to the Congo Crisis, he visited Leopoldville and Elisabethville, and organized technical and police assistance.
		The crisis was temporarily resolved by the arrival of UN forces in November.
		Besides the Congo and Laos crises and the Soviet barrage against him, it was a wild period of colonial nations seeking full independence and UN representation.
	www.norbyhus.dk /dh/dagh.html (1814 words)

	Congo Crisis: 1960-1965
		Military Adviser to the Secretary-General: U.N. Peacekeeping and the Congo Crisis.
		Responses of the United Nations and the United States to the Congo Crisis: Events and Issues.
		Kanza, Thomas R. Conflict in the Congo: The Rise and Fall of Lumumba.
	www.au.af.mil /au/aul/bibs/congo/congo.htm (650 words)

	Who Knows the Fate of the Congo?
		It is clear that a major problem exists in the Congo and elements of the crisis have fanned out to engulf other countries in the region, threatening the general stability of the area.
		he crisis in the Democratic Republic of Congo between President Laurent Kabila& government and the rebel coalition is proving to have major implications on surrounding states in the area.
		South Africa, part of SADC, previously did not favor outside military involvement in the Congo crisis but has changed its position to favor a peaceful negotiated settlement.
	www.ibiblio.org /prism/oct98/whoknows.html (674 words)

	Africa'sHope.com - Todd & Amy Churchill, Missionaries to the Democratic Republic of Congo
		Aug 6, 2004 (IRIN) - A major stumbling block to the achievement of peace in the Democratic Republic of Congo is the present showdown in South Kivu...
		Africa'sHope.com - Todd and Amy Churchill, Missionaries to the Democratic Republic of Congo
		June 29, 2005 (Washington) - A new study of the world's most at-risk countries says that Ivory Coast, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Sudan topped the list...
	www.africashope.com (323 words)

	AFP Partners In Prayer Newsletter Article - Crisis in the Congo
		The Congo is the third largest country in Africa.
		When I knew Nigel, he was the chief medical officer for the Anglican Church in the Congo based in the village of Boga, not far from Bunia, so he is returning `home'.
		Until the end of the Cold War, the Congo (ex-Zaïre), was a close ally of the USA.
	www.afp.org /htm/pip/03Epiphany/03Epiphanyp4.htm (575 words)

	Amazon.com: The Political Economy of Third World Intervention : Mines, Money, and U.S. Policy in the Congo Crisis (American Politics and Political Economy Series): Books: David N. Gibbs
		Gibbs demonstrates that the Crisis is more accurately characterized by competition among Western interests for access to the Congo's mineral wealth, than by Cold War competition, as has been previously argued.
		The book is well-researched and lucid in its arguments, carefully examining both theories of U.S. foreign policy and their application to the Congo crisis.
		Drawing on U.S. government documents--including a wealth of newly declassified materials--he applies his new model to a detailed case study of the Congo Crisis of the 1960s.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0226290719?v=glance (2030 words)

	Twentieth Century Atlas - Death Tolls
		Similarly, the death toll for the Congo Crisis of the 1960s is remarkably similar in most of the sources I've checked -- 100,000 -- a suspiciously round number.
		For instance, his estimate for the number of democides in the Congo Free State is the lowest of eight authorities I consulted.
		Since there is, as yet, no vast body of American scholarship on the Congo, there's no dissenting opinion.
	users.erols.com /mwhite28/warstats.htm (5407 words)

	IRC IRC Briefs Congress on Congo Crisis and Urges Strong Humanitarian Response
		IRC Briefs Congress on Congo Crisis and Urges Strong Humanitarian Response
		At a Washington hearing, he said the study, conducted earlier this year and released last week, found that approximately 3.5 million deaths have occurred in eastern Congo since the onset of the war in August 1998.
		He called for the development of a coherent, comprehensive, consistent U.S. policy that incorporates aid and diplomatic efforts in all the countries involved in the crisis.
	www.theirc.org /index.cfm/programs/show/wwwID/1189/topicID/123 (519 words)

	Congo
		in Congo: the secession, the camouflage, the deception, and the delay.
		Museveni's and Kagame's occupation of Congo territory, terrorism,
		Congo's need to cultivate Mandela's and De Klerk's spirit.
	www.congonline.com /Forum1/Forum01/Litofe01.htm (2832 words)

	BCPR - Crisis Prevention and Recovery - Disaster Reduction Unit
		BCPR - Crisis Prevention and Recovery - Disaster Reduction Unit
		Click here to see Republic of Congo's ID code for disasters - GLIDE number
		Click here to see the Disaster Risk Analysis for Republic of Congo
	www.undp.org /bcpr/disred/english/regions/africa/congo.htm (45 words)

	CNN.com - Congo crisis: How to help - January 25, 2002
		LONDON, England -- The following aid agencies are accepting contributions to assist refugees fleeing a volcano eruption in Congo.
		Oxfam America Congo Volcano Relief PO Box 1745 Boston, MA 02105-1745 800-77-OXFAM www.oxfamamerica.org
		Baptist World Aid Baptist World Alliance Congo Relief Appeal 405 North Washington Street Falls Church, VA22046, USA 703-790-8980
	edition.cnn.com /2002/WORLD/africa/01/19/congo.donations (312 words)

	The Second Moroccan Crisis of 1911
		The German terms, as presented on July 15, while containing an offer to cede the northern part of the Cameroons and Togoland, demanded from France the whole of the French Congo from the River Sangha to the sea to which was later added the transfer of France's right to the preemption of the Belgian Congo.
		At any rate, as early as July 7, the German ambassador in Paris informed the French Government that Germany cherished no territorial aspirations in Morocco and would negotiate for a French protectorate on the basis of "compensation" for Germany in the French Congo region and the safeguarding of her economic interests in Morocco.
		The Morocco crisis of 1911 arose out of the dispatch of the German gunboat Panther to Agadir on July 1.
	teachers.sduhsd.net /mmontgomery/world_history/world_war1/morocco2.htm (312 words)

	WHKMLA : History of the French Congo, 1910-1918
		In the course of the SECOND MOROCCAN CRISIS of 1911, France compensated Germany for giving up it's claims in Morocco by ceding stretches of territory of Gabon and the French Congo.
		As a result, the territory of the French Congo was split in 3 parts, separated by stretches of land incoroporated into the German colony of Kamerun.
		In 1910 the French Congo, a French PROTECTORATE since 1880, became part of the Colony of FRENCH EQUATORIAL AFRICA, the capital of which was Brazzaville.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/centrafrica/frcongo191018.html (312 words)

	Agadir Crisis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Agadir Crisis, also called the Second Moroccan Crisis, was the international tension sparked by the deployment of a German warship, the Panther, to the Moroccan port of Agadir on July 1, 1911.
		Franco-German negotiations initiated on July 9 led to the conclusion (November 4) of a convention under which Germany accepted France's position in Morocco in return for territory in the French Equatorial African colony of Middle Congo (now the Republic of the Congo).
		British backing for France during the crisis reinforced the Entente between the two countries and added to Anglo-German estrangement, deepening the divisions which would culminate in World War I.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Agadir_Crisis (267 words)

	renaissance.doc
		Were it not for the current Congo crisis, such a development could ultimately result from the separate but overlapping integration projects of SADC in implementing its free trade protocol on the one hand, and the progress of the East Africa Co-operation initiative in reviving the old East African Community perhaps on an expanded scale.
		The split within SADC over the Congo crisis extended to polarisation between Uganda, the chief champion of Comesa, and Rwanda on the one hand, and Angola, Zimbabwe and Namibia on the other, guarantees that a harmonising summit is pushed indefinitely into the future and may never materialise.
		Congo is likely to become more, not less, undemocratic, as the political space for civil society in that country shrinks, and the regional war continues.
	www.igd.org.za /pub/papers/renaissance.doc (267 words)

	the emergence of ethnographic practice: past travels and future itineraries
		The Congo crisis was one of the major crises internationally, after the Cuban crisis, between the east and the west.
		She is also a program coordinator for African Film Festival Inc. She holds an MA in Film Studies from New York University.
		So I decided to do a documentary, which was a very intimate, very personal film and which had nothing to do with this feature film, which deals more directly with Lumumba himself and is also aimed at a much wider public.
	www.africanfilmny.org /network/news/Ipeck.html (1279 words)

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