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	Congress of Soviets - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Congress of Soviets was the supreme governing body of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and the Soviet Union in two periods, from 1917 to 1936 and from 1989 to 1993.
		The Congress of Soviets was an assembly of representatives of local councils.
		The Congress of Soviets was recreated as part of Gorbachev's reforms, via a 1988 amendment to the 1977 Soviet Constitution.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Congress_of_People's_Deputies (559 words)

	Soviet-Empire.com - U.S.S.R. Online: Constitution
		The Congress of Soviets is the supreme authority of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
		An extraordinary Congress of Soviets is convened by the Central Executive Committee on its own initiative, or on the demand of the Soviets of localities inhabited by at least one-third of the population of the Union.
		Congresses of Soviets are convened by the respective local executive bodies of Soviet authority (executive committees) at their discretion, or on the demand of the Soviets of localities accounting for not less than one-third of the population of the given territorial unit.
	www.soviet-empire.com /ussr/nation/acts/c_0001.php (2920 words)

	Soviets
		Soviets were representatives of workers, peasants and soldiers in a given locale (rural soviets were a mix of peasants and soldiers, while urban soviets were a mix of workers and soldiers).
		All-Russian Congress of Soviets, where the foundation of the Soviet government was intended to rest.
		Congress of Soviets, made up of urban soviets' delegates (one for every 25,000 inhabitants) and of provincial congress delegates (one for every 125,000 inhabitants).
	web.uvic.ca /geru/376/Soviets.htm (462 words)

	Soviet system
		Considerable importance is attached to these soviets, not only as local organs of administration and government, but also because they involve wide participation by the population in the work of the party and the government at all elves and provide training in administration.....
		Soviets were organized in the 19o5 by Marxist-stimulated intellectual in Russian cities as strike committees to coordinate worker opposition to tsarist policies.
		In the soviets, votes were taken not according to fixed party allegiances but according to the momentary passions of the workers and soldiers.
	www.crossroad.to /Quotes/brainwashing/soviets.htm (2001 words)

	HRNi - Declaration of Rights of the Laboring and Exploited People 1918
		Russia is declared to be a republic of the Soviets of Workers', Soldiers', and Peasants' Deputies.
		The Russian Soviet Republic is organized on the basis of a free union of free nations, as a federation of soviet national republics.
		It is also to this end that the Third Congress of Soviets insists upon putting an end to the barbarous policy of the bourgeois civilization which enables the exploiters of a few chosen nations to enslave hundreds of millions of the working population of Asia, of the colonies, and of small countries generally.
	www.hrni.org /files/instruments/HRNi_EN_863.html (424 words)

	1918 Soviet Constitution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The first Soviet Constitution, which governed the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic, described the regime that assumed power in the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917.
		The steering committee of the Congress of Soviets--known as the Central Executive Committee--acted as the "supreme organ of power" between sessions of the congress and as the collective presidency of the state.
		The congress recognized the Council of People's Commissars (Sovet narodnykh kommissarov--Sovnarkom) as the administrative arm of the young government and defined its responsibilities as "general administration of the affairs of the state".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/1918_Soviet_Constitution (297 words)

	1936 Constitution of the USSR, Part I
		The All-Russia Congress of Soviets is composed of representatives of urban Soviets on the basis of one deputy for every 25,000 electors, and representatives of gubernia congresses of Soviets on the basis of one deputy for every 125,000 of the population.
		An extraordinary All-Russia Congress of Soviets is convened by the All-Russia Central Executive Committee on its own initiative, or on the demand of the Soviets of localities inhabited by at least one-third of the population of the Republic.
		Uyezd congresses are attended by representatives of the Soviets of towns whose population does not exceed 10,000; village soviets of localities with a population of less than 1,000 unite to elect delegates to the uyezd congress.
	www.departments.bucknell.edu /russian/const/18cons02.html (1707 words)

	Glossary of Events: All-Russian Congress of the Soviet
		The first convocation of a Congress of Soviets in Russia opened on June 3, 1917 and was attended by some 1,090 delegates (784 with full vote).
		The Congress voted 543 to 126 (52 abstentions) to support the Provisional government, though the socialist ministers in the Provisional government (SRs and Mensheviks) were told to be obliged to decisions made by the Soviets.
		The Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets met on October 25-26, 1917, at 22:40, in the Smolny Institute.
	www.marxists.org /glossary/events/a/arcs.htm (763 words)

	Article Three: Organization of the Soviet Power
		The All-Russian Congress of Soviets is composed of representatives of urban soviets (one delegate for 25,000 voters), and of representatives of the provincial (gubernia) congresses of soviets (one delegate for 125,000 inhabitants).
		Congresses of the soviets are convoked by the respective executive committees upon their own initiative, or upon request of local soviets comprising not less than one-third of the entire population of the given district.
		Every congress of soviets (regional, provincial, county, or rural) elects its executive organ- an executive committee the membership of which shall not exceed (a) for regions and provinces, twenty-five; (b) for a county, twenty; (c) for a rural district, ten.
	www.russiannewsnetwork.com /article3.html (1706 words)

	Russian Revolution of 1917, series of events in imperial Russia that culminated in 1917 with the establishment of the ...
		During the ill-fated offensive, the opposition by workers and soldiers in Petrograd to a renewal of military hostilities forced the Congress of Soviets to adopt a resolution calling for the abolition of the Duma—that is, the political base of the Provisional Government—and setting September 30 as the date for the convocation of a constituent assembly.
		The executive committee of the Congress of Soviets denounced the demonstration as a counterrevolutionary Bolshevik insurrection and summoned troops from the front to disperse the demonstrators.
		With the approval of the Congress of Soviets, military organizations were established throughout the city, and the boldness and initiative of the Bolsheviks in these bodies made them the leaders of the defense.
	www.emayzine.com /lectures/russianrev.html (4539 words)

	Library of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handbook Series/ Soviet Union / Glossary
		Soviet and Western experts believe that damage to the people's health, to the economy, and to the environment will be felt for decades.
		Once the Soviet regime stipulated the plan figures, all levels of the economy, from individual enterprises to the national level, were obligated to meet those goals.
		The term is derived from the Mongol altan ordo or the Tatar altun ordu, literally meaning golden palace or camp, apparently based on the color of the tent used by Batu Khan (died 1255), the leader or ruler, during the Golden Horde's conquest of the region.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /frd/cs/soviet_union/su_glos.html (9351 words)

	Third All-Russia Congress of Soviets
		And while some anarchists spoke of the Soviets with fear because they were still influenced by obsolete views, the new, fresh trend in anarchism was definitely on the side of the Soviets, because it saw their vitality and their ability to win the sympathy of the working masses and arouse their creative energy.
		The Third All-Russia Congress of Soviets of Workers', Soldiers' and Peasants' Deputies was held in Petrograd from January 10 to 18 (23 to 31), 1918.
		It was further elaborated at joint sittings of the Congress of land committees and the peasant section of the Third Congress of Soviets.
	www.marx2mao.com /Lenin/TCS18.html (8143 words)

	Soviets
		With the failings of the Duma, the Soviets were seen as legitimate workers' government.
		Soviets challenged the power of Nicholas II and attempted to enforce promises made in the October Manifesto such as the freedom of the press, assembly and association.
		Soviets were re-established during the overthrow of Nicholas II.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /RUSsoviet.htm (1491 words)

	Perestroika [Sam Marcy]: Article 16 (1990)
		The Soviet of the Union shall be elected by constituencies with equal population.
		The objective of constructing the Soviet of Nationalities as one of the bicameral arms of the Soviet government was not to divide the nationalities but to strengthen proletarian class solidarity and to unite the mass of the people in the struggle for socialism on the basis of the equality of all nations.
		The historic significance of the 12th Congress of the Communist Party held in April 1923 is that it recognized the necessity of a firm and continuing struggle against "the relics of great-power chauvinism" and urged a consistent struggle against the economic and cultural inequality of the nationalities within the Soviet Union.
	www.workers.org /marcy/cd/sampere/perehtml/16.htm (3309 words)

	Leon Trotsky’s Military Writings, Vol. 1, 1918: Revolt of the Left SRs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		In the Congress of Soviets you will work out and adopt a constitution which will be based on the workers and the poorest peasantry, giving expression in legal relationships to the relation of forces between them in the revolution.
		The All-Russia Congress of Soviets warns all workers and peasants, all soldiers of the Red Army, against the activity of hired provocateurs— agents of foreign imperialism who are trying, in a variety of ways, by violence, lies, provocation and deceit to draw the Soviet Republic into the imperialist slaughter.
		The Fourth Congress of Sovtets was an extraordinary congress and was held in Moscow between March 14 and 16, 1918.
	marxists.anu.edu.au /archive/trotsky/works/1918-mil/ch34.htm (14508 words)

	William Hard. Raymond Robins' Own Story. 1920. Contents. Chapter Three. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		ROBINS---to attend the Fourth All-Russian Congress of Soviets and to witness the ratification or repudiation of the Peace of Brest-Litovsk---arrived in Moscow on March 10, 1918.
		At Moscow, later, when President Wilson's vague message to the Soviet Congress was received, Radek at once seized upon it, in spite of its vagueness, and made it the text of an editorial sermon to all Russian socialists tempted to be anti-American.
		The Fourth All-Russian Congress of Soviets was not a Congress of Soviet specialists from Petrograd and Moscow.
	www.ku.edu /carrie/texts/world_war_I/Robins/Robins3.htm (7417 words)

	Soviet-Empire.com - U.S.S.R. Online: Government
		The Constitution (Fundamental Law) of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is the supreme law of the land and the government may not pass legislation that is contradictory to it.
		Because the our global Soviet Union's government is a "million times" more democratic than the governments of the corrupt "nation states" of the world today, all citizens are allowed to take part in our government and directly represent themselves rather than electing a politician to represent their interests for them.
		An international Congress of Soviets is convened on the second Monday of April and October.
	www.soviet-empire.com /ussr/nation/government/government.php (526 words)

	2nd All-Russian Congress of Soviets - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Start the 2nd All-Russian Congress of Soviets article or add a request for it.
		Look for 2nd All-Russian Congress of Soviets in the Commons, our repository for free images, music, sound, and video.
		Check for 2nd All-Russian Congress of Soviets in the deletion log, or visit its deletion vote page if it exists.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/2nd_All-Russian_Congress_of_Soviets (178 words)

	"Critical review #1"
		The congress delegates dispersed to spread the news of the victory of the Soviets in Petrograd and to ensure the extension of the power of the Soviets to the whole country.
		The Congress of Peasant Soviets which took place in November 1917 recognized all the gains of the October Socialist Revolution and endorsed the decrees of the Soviet Government.
		In the interval from October 1917 to February 1918 the Soviet revolution spread throughout the vast territory of the country at such a rapid rate that Lenin referred to it as a "triumphal march" of Soviet power.
	www.uwm.edu /Course/448-343/index2.html (3502 words)

	Glossary of Organisations: Al (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		After the October revolution, the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets met, and elected the second Central Executive Committee which was the executive body of the R.S.F.S.R., and was compromised of:
		Each All-Russian Congress consisted from 650 to 2,000 delegates from Soviets all over Russia.
		The executive power of the Congress of Soviets lasted several years after the October revolution in practice.
	www.marxists.org /glossary/orgs/a/l.htm (276 words)

	SparkNotes: The Russian Revolution (1917–1918): The October Revolution
		A Second Congress of Soviets was now in the works, scheduled for October 25, and the Bolsheviks were confident that they would have its overwhelming support, since they had taken pains to invite only those delegates likely to sympathize with their cause.
		The Congress delegates were forced to wait for several hours as Bolshevik forces tried to remove the provisional government from the Winter Palace.
		As defined by the Congress, the SPC had to answer to a newly elected Executive Committee, chaired by Lev Kamenev, which in turn would answer to the Constituent Assembly.
	www.sparknotes.com /history/european/russianrev/section5.rhtml (1964 words)

	SparkNotes: The Russian Revolution (1917–1918): The Summer of 1917
		As the Congress discussed the future of Russia, doubt was expressed as to whether any existing party was actually willing to accept the responsibility of leading the nation.
		Though the proclamation called on demonstrators to state their demands “calmly and convincingly, as behooves the strong,” the Bolsheviks’ true intention, as always, was to sponsor a violent uprising that would topple the government.
		That evening, the Congress of Soviets, anticipating the potential for violence, prohibited demonstrations for a period of several days.
	www.sparknotes.com /history/european/russianrev/section4.rhtml (1419 words)

	Lenin and the First Communist Revolutions, IV
		The night before their hand-picked Second Congress was to meet, on October 24 (old calendar) Leninist cadres forcibly seized control of all the power centers in Petrograd: railroads, mail, phones, banks, bridges.
		Lenin and Trotsky had planned to open the Second Congress only after the Winter Palace was under their control, but these difficulties put them in an awkward situation.
		[T]he Bolsheviks opened their counter-Assembly, labeled "Third Congress of Soviets." Here no one could obstruct them because they had reserved for themselves and the Left SRs 94 percent of the seats, more than three times what they were entitled to, judging by the results of the Constituent Assembly.
	www.gmu.edu /departments/economics/bcaplan/museum/his1d.htm (705 words)

	Essay or Coursework - Was a 2nd revolution necessary in Russia in 1917?
		The majority of the Russian population became more and more convinced that the Soviets were the basis of a new Russian government whereas the Provisional Government did not appeal to the masses.
		In June, the Soviets convened the National Congress of Soviets, which started to challenge the actions of the Provisional Government.
		Although Lenin was a popular figure in Russia, the Bolsheviks, Lenin's party, did not hold the majority of seats within the National Congress of Soviets.
	www.coursework.info /i/25757.html (447 words)

	AllRefer.com - Soviet Union [USSR] - The 1918 Constitution \| Soviet Union or USSR Information Resource (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The first constitution, which governed the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic, described the regime that assumed power in the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 (see Soviet Union USSR - Revolutions and Civil War, ch.
		This constitution formally recognized the Bolshevik (see Glossary) party organization as the ruler of Russia according to the principle of the dictatorship of the proletariat (see Glossary).
		The congress recognized the Council of People's Commissars (Sovet narodnykh kommissarov--Sovnarkom) as the administrative arm of the young government.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/soviet-union/soviet-union213.html (341 words)

	History of Belarus (Great Litva)
		Proclamation (in Smolensk!) of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR) with its capital in Minsk.
		Adoption of the first BSSR Constitution at the first All-Byelorussian Congress of Soviets of Workers', Peasants' and Red Army Deputies.
		The congress made an appeal to all the peoples on recognition of independence of Belarus and establishment of diplomatic relations with it.
	www.belarusguide.com /as/history/history.html (2527 words)

	Soviet-Empire.com Archive :: View topic - How do I get into the Congress of Soviets?
		This archive represents the final 12 of a 30 month experiment in cyber democracy.
		How do I get into the Congress of Soviets?
		I was wondering how long you have to be a forum member for until you can post in the congress of soviets?
	www.politicsforum.org /soviet/viewtopic.php?t=3968 (196 words)

	Socialist Party of Canada - Wallace's Corner
		In October, 1917, when the Bolshevik coup d'etat was pronounced before the Second Congress of Soviets, members of a faction, Menshevik-Internationalists led by Julius Martov walked out.
		Leon Trotsky turned to him and sarcastically urged him to "Go where you belong from now on - into the dustbin of history." (Leon Trotsky, "History of the Russian Revolution")
		The working class has nothing to gain from either form.
	www.worldsocialism.org /canada/wc00011a.htm (1190 words)

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