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	Confederation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Confederations tend to be established for dealing with critical issues, such as defence, foreign affairs, foreign trade, and a common currency, with the central government being required to provide support for all members.
		Confederation Day or Federation Day is frequently a holiday in federations or confederations, equivalent to the United States' Independence Day for any entity that achieved statehood as such.
		Note that historical confederations, especially those that predate the 20th century, may not fit the current definition of a confederation and may show some qualities that are today recognized as those of a federation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Confederate (547 words)

	Journal of the Confederate Congress Home Page: U.S. Congressional Documents
		The Journals of the Senate, 1st Congress of the Confederate States of America, are found in volume 2 (1st and 2nd sessions) and volume 3 (3rd and 4th sessions).
		The Journals of the House of Representatives of the 1st Congress of the Confederate States of America are found in volume 5 (1st and 2nd sessions) and volume 6 (3rd and 4th sessions).
		The Journals of the House of Representatives of the 2nd Confederate Congress are found in volume 7 (1st and 2nd sessions).
	memory.loc.gov /ammem/amlaw/lwcc.html (268 words)

	A Brief History of the Confederate Flags (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		After it was learned that both Federal and Confederate troops wore badges of red flannel, officials of both armies accused their opponents of using the markings and colors of the other side as a military strategem.
		On October 1, 1861, the Confederate War Department authorized the use of the new battle flag by the Army of the Potomac, which was later renamed the Army of Northern Virginia by General Robert E. Lee.
		In the receding memories of the Confederate veterans, who adopted it as their official insignia, the battle flag was the soldier's banner, not the colors of the Confederacy.
	mshistory.k12.ms.us /features/feature2/histconflag.html (2949 words)

	[No title]
		The policies of the Confederate Congress, however, strongly influenced the actions of the treasury, and had direct implications for the establishment of conditions conducive to hyperinflation.
		This paper discusses the actions of the Confederate Treasury given the situation that it was placed in, and examines whether or not the monetary authority could have acted differently so as not to have incurred or exacerbated the high inflation of the period.
		Criticism of the Confederate government is tempered somewhat by alternative sources of inflationary pressure such as adverse war news, and changes in the structure of imports.
	www.eh.net /Clio/Publications/confederate.shtml (3456 words)

	Confederacy. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The new constitution was ratified (the approval of only five states was needed), general elections for congress and for presidential electors (as under the federal Constitution) were held in Nov., 1861, and on Washington’s birthday in 1862, the “permanent” government was inaugurated at Richmond.
		The Confederate cruisers built or bought in England were a scourge to the U.S. merchant marine, and later at the settlement of the Alabama claims, Great Britain was adjudged partly responsible for their depredations; but beyond this the Confederate missions of James M. Mason, John Slidell, William L. Yancey, and others in Europe achieved little.
		The Confederate army early found that volunteers alone were insufficient, and the first conscription law was passed in Apr., 1862.
	www.bartleby.com /65/co/Confeder.html (1421 words)

	CHAPTER IV. CONFEDERATE AND FEDERAL OCCUPATION
		A resolution was adopted in Congress to annul all the acts of the New Mexican Legislature authorizing involuntary servitude except for crime, which passed the house, but not the Senate.
		In December, Baylor's Confederate force was estimated by Canby at 800 Texans, besides 200 or 300 volunteers from the floating Mexican population of Mesilla Valley.
		December 21st, 1864, John R. Baylor, who had been elected to the Congress of the Confederate States, and had been admitted to his seat May 2nd, 1864, wrote a letter to the Secretary of War, urging that an expedition be sent into New Mexico and Arizona to recover those territories.
	southwest.library.arizona.edu /hav2/body.1_div.4.html (3782 words)

	Confederate Battle Flag
		The result was the square flag sometimes known as the "Southern Cross." The Confederate Battle Flag consisted of a blue saltire reminiscent of the St. Andrew's Cross, on which were situated 13 stars, with the saltire edged in white, all on a red background.
		A review of surviving Georgia Confederate Battle Flags in the State Capitol units shows that the stars were of various sizes and arranged in all manner of ways (see flag 1, flag 2, flag 3, and flag 4).
		In that publication, the UCV's official version of the Confederate Battle Flag shows the central star pointing toward the bottom of the flag, while each of the remaining 12 stars points at a 45° angle toward the upper top of the branch of the saltier on which the star is located.
	www.cviog.uga.edu /Projects/gainfo/battlefl.htm (778 words)

	Monocacy National Battlefield
		First Confederate National Flag — This flag was adopted by the Confederate Congress in March, 1861, the seven stars in the blue field represent the states then in the Confederacy.
		Confederate Battle Flag — This flag was made for use by troops in the field after the battle of First Manassas (Bull Run) in 1861.
		Designed with the Confederate Battle Flag as the union in a white field, this flag was often mistaken for a flag of truce.
	www.nps.gov /mono/mo_flags.htm (277 words)

	Confederate Congress (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Confederate Congress was the legislative body of the Confederate States of America, existing during the American Civil War between 1861 and 1865.
		Following the Battle of Fort Sumter in April 1861, the remaining states to secede sent delegates to the Confederate Congress, which met in three additional Sessions between July 1861 and February 1862 in the Confederate Capitol of Richmond, Virginia.
		Because of the defeat of the Confederacy in 1865, only two Congressional Elections were ever held; the Second Confederate Congress was selected in November 1863, but served only one year of its two-year term.
	confederate-congress.area51.ipupdater.com (416 words)

	Kentucky Members of the Confederate Congress (1861-1862) - Kentucky Department for Libraries and Archives
		When Confederate General A.S. Johnston captured Bowling Green in the summer of 1861, the self-proclaimed Confederates in western and central Kentucky moved to establish a Confederate government even though Kentucky still officially remained part of the Union.
		The Congress elected (Feb. 9,1861) Jefferson Davis and Alexander H. Stephens president and vice president respectively, then drafted a constitution (adopted on March 11,1861) and functioned as the provisional legislature pending regular elections, holding five sessions in all: two in Montgomery and three in Richmond, Virginia.
		Shortly afterwards, the Confederate Provisional Congress was adjourned on Feb. 17,1862, on the eve of inauguration of a permanent Congress.
	www.kdla.ky.gov /resources/KYConfedCongress.htm (1125 words)

	WSCE Collecting Confederate Paper Money
		On May 6 the Confederate Congress made known that a state of war existed between the U.S. and Confederate States.
		That the Confederate army existed as long as it did (pay for privates was frozen at about $8 a month when calvary boots alone were costing $500 in inflated currency by 1864) on slim rations and insufficient equipment can only attest to the devotion of these men to the Southern Cause.
		Confederate paper money is collected in the South, North, East, and West - it knows no Mason-Dixon line but is esteemed as one of the most interesting series of American currency.
	www.wscoin.com /Info/ConfederatePaperMoney.htm (1148 words)

	The Avalon Project : Confederate States of America - Message to Congress April 29, 1861 (Ratification of the ...
		Gentlemen of the Congress: It is my pleasing duty to announce to you that the Constitution framed for the establishment of a permanent Government for the Confederate States has been ratified by conventions in each of those States to which it was re-ferred.
		Deprived of the aid of Congress at the moment, I was under the necessity of confining my action to a call on the States for volunteers for the common defense, in accordance with the authority you had confided to me before your adjournment.
		Having been officially notified by the public authorities of the State of Virginia that she had withdrawn from the Union and desired to maintain the closest political relations with us which it was possible at this time to establish, I commissioned the Hon.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/csa/m042961.htm (3595 words)

	The Confederate Postal Service in West Virginia
		In these counties money for support of Confederate soldiers and their families was appropriated by the county courts; to maintain trade fractional money "shinplasters" were issued under authority of acts of the Confederate Congress, and such essential services as postoffices and post routes were maintained.
		The Confederates had no stamps of their own, and it was not until October 16 that the first stamp -- a five cent green bearing the portrait of Jefferson Davis -- was issued to the postoffices, and then to but few of the operating offices in the disputed territory of Western Virginia.
		The Confederate postage rate at first was five cents per half ounce for the first five hundred miles, and ten cents for letters to be carried a greater distance; heavier letters were charged at the initial half-ounce rate.
	www.wvculture.org /history/journal_wvh/wvh24-1.html (3458 words)

	Confederate States of America. The Statutes at Large of the Confederate States of America Passed at the Fourth Session ...
		The Congress of the Confederate States of America do enact, That the commutation value of rations of the sick and wounded, and of all employees in hospitals, be fixed at such rates, not to exceed two and a half dollars, as the Secretary of War shall designate.
		Bromwell, comprising all the laws passed by the Congress of the Confederate States to the close of the present session.
		Congress of the Confederate States of America from the State of Arkansas.
	docsouth.unc.edu /imls/23conf/23conf.html (7889 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The discovery in 1980 of the remains of a Confederate soldier on a battlefield of the War for Southern Independence prompted the establishment of a tomb for the Unknown Soldier of the Confederate States of America.
		The Sons of Confederate Veterans held ceremonies on May 1, 1983 to award the Confederate Medal of Honor to the Unknown Soldier.
		During the war, the Congress had passed measures to honor valor on the battlefield and elsewhere, with President Davis' approval, but medals were never awarded.
	www.beauvoir.org /unknsldr.html (362 words)

	Robert Wilbanks: Sons Confederate Veterans Oury Camp
		On August 5th, 1861 Oury was elected as a delegate to the Confederate Congress from the territory of Arizona.
		It wasn't until January 18th, 1862 that he was recognized and seated by the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States of America.
		Eventually, Oury enlisted in the Confederate Army serving in Captain Frazer's Company known as Frazer's Arizona Rangers which was a part of Herbert's Cavalry Battalion, Arizona Brigade, organized in late 1862.
	www.robertwilbanks.com /oury.htm (706 words)

	Confederate Negro Enlistments
		Another thing was that of the Confederate Congress that met at Richmond for the last time in the second week of November, 1864-(it adjourned sine die on the 17th of March, 1865)-more than half the members represented constituencies in which slavery was practically rubbed out by the war process.
		The Confederate Congress met on Monday, November 7th, at noon, and as soon as it was organized the message of President Davis was received.
		It was not, however, until the 27th that this Legislature voted to instruct its Senators to vote for the measure in the Confederate Congress.
	www.civilwarhome.com /negroenlistments.htm (6282 words)

	Background of the Confederate States Constitution
		Under the terms of the Provisional Constitution, the Montgomery convention reconstituted itself as the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States of America until such time as a permanent constitution could be adopted and a permanent congress elected.
		Almost all had extensive political experience: twenty-three had served in the U.S. Congress; sixteen were former or sitting judges, including two state chief justices; two had been in national cabinets, and a third had been in the cabinet of the Republic of Texas.
		The Confederate Constitution is often seen as a document for a nation based on state rights and limited government.
	www.civilwarhome.com /csaconstitutionbackground.htm (2845 words)

	CSAnet: Confederate Flags (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		When Jefferson Davis was inaugurated as President of the provisional government of the Confederate States of America on 18 February 1861, the Capitol Building in Montgomery flew the Alabama State Flag.
		The 'Stars and Bars' was never established as an official flag of the Confederate States of America by the laws of the land.
		The St. Andrews design as originally submitted to the Confederate Congress was selected and went into use in November of 1861.
	www.pointsouth.com /csanet/flagbody.htm (645 words)

	Jefferson Davis' First Message To The Confederate Congress
		Gentlemen of the Congress: It is my pleasing duty to announce to you that the Constitution framed for the establishment of a permanent Government for the Confederate States has been ratified by conventions in each of those States to which it was referred.
		The South were willing purchasers of a property suitable to their wants, and paid the price of acquisition without harboring a suspicion that their quiet possession was to be disturbed by those who were inhibited not only by want of constitutional authority, but by good faith as vendors, from disquieting a title emanating from themselves.
		As soon, however, as the Northern States that prohibited African slavery within their limits had reached a number sufficient to give their representation a controlling voice in Congress, a persistent and organized system of hostile measures against the rights of the owners of slaves in the Southern States was inaugurated and gradually extended.
	www.rense.com /general47/jeffersondavisfirstmessage.htm (1064 words)

	THE CONFEDERATE TERRITORY OF ARIZONA, Col. Sherod Hunter Camp 1525, SCV, Phoenix, Arizona
		The Tucson Convention ratified the proceedings of the Mesilla Convention, and elected provisional officers for the new Confederate Territory.
		Lewis Owings of Mesilla was elected Provisional Governor of the Territory, and Granville Henderson Oury of Tucson was elected as Delegate to the Confederate Congress.
		The United States Congress passed its own "Act to Establish and Organize the Territory of Arizona" on February 24, 1863, over a year after the Proclamation of President Jefferson Davis had declared the Confederate Territory of Arizona to be in full force and operation.
	members.tripod.com /~azrebel/page10.html (2490 words)

	Amazon.com: The Confederate Constitution of 1861: An Inquiry into American Constitutionalism: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Confederate States of America, politically established in 1861 and militarily extirpated in 1865, was neither simply a historic accident initiated by radicals attempting to prolong the life of an anachronistic system of labor nor the product of "fire-eating" political opportunists seeking personal aggrandizement at the expense of their fellow citizens.
		The slavery provisions of the Confederate Constitution of were designed to eliminate this "agitation over slavery"...that is, conflict between States which have emancipated and those which have not...not to protect slavery itself.
		The Southern States, through the Confederate Constitution, simply preserved their right to handle the issue by the same means, and for the same reasons, which the Northern States had used.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0826208126?v=glance (2012 words)

	Confederate Army
		President Jefferson Davis called for 82,000 volunteers but this was clearly not enough and in August, 1861, the Confederate Congress authorized the recruitment of 400,000 men.
		In April, the Confederate Congress passed the Conscription Act which drafted white men between eighteen and thirty-five for three years' service.
		Some soldiers in the Confederate Army was willing to defend the South from the Union Army but objected to offensive operations.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /USACWarmyC.htm (1035 words)

	The Confederate Navy 1861-1865 (Part 1)
		The strategic purpose of the Confederate military during the Civil War was basically twofold: to protect the Southern states from outside invasion, and, failing in the first, to make the war so costly for the North that it would eventually be forced to give up from exhaustion.
		The Confederate Navy's responsibility was the protection of the harbors and coast lines from blockade, and, hopefully, the establishment of a local superiority over the Federal Navy.
		On February 21, 1861, the Confederate Congress appointed Stephen R. Mallory as Secretary, Department of the Navy.
	www.magweb.com /sample/scamp/ca90csn1.htm (2647 words)

	The Confederate Congress
		The first Confederate legislature was called Provisional due to the quick creation of the government, and no public caucus for the selection of deputies and delegates.
		Following general elections on 06 November 1861, the First Confederate Congress assembled in Richmond on 18 February 1862.
		Elections were held again in 1863, and the Second Confederate Congress began its first session on 02 May 1864.
	www.csawardept.com /history/Congress (165 words)

	The Confederate War Department
		Updates to The Confederate War Department are posted on the News From The Front Lines page, as changes occur with the website.
		The War In Documents is for the examination of governmental papers which led to the formation and operation of the Confederacy.
		Confederate Genealogy offers basic genealogical research ideas and an index of my own lineal and collateral Confederate ancestors.
	www.csawardept.com (253 words)

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