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	Congreve rocket Information
		In the 1870s the rockets were adopted to carry rescue lines to vessels in distress superseding the mortar of Captain Manby and rockets that had been in use since the 1830s.
		It was the use of Congreve rockets by the British in the bombardment of Fort McHenry in the U.S. in 1814 which gave the line referring to the "rockets' red glare" in The Star-Spangled Banner.
		Congreve rockets are also a heavy artillery unit unique to the British in the game Age of Empires III.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Congreve_rocket (322 words)

	Rocket - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Brought to the notice of all armies by the fact that a rocket battery of the Royal Artillery served in the allied army in the Leipzig campaign, war rockets were introduced in many armies, being sometimes issued as an additional portion of the equipment of ordinary field batteries, sometimes reserved for special rocket batteries.
		The Congreve rocket was in use in the British army as late as 1860.
		Eventually the Congreve rocket was superseded by the Hale, of which two patterns were in use, the 9-pounder and the 24-pounder, for field and fortress warfare respectively.
	25.1911encyclopedia.org /R/RO/ROCKET.htm (521 words)

	Sir William Congreve - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In 1810 or 1811 he became equerry to the prince regent, with whom he was a great favourite, and in 1811 he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society; in the same year he at last received military rank, being gazetted lieutenant-colonel in the Hanoverian artillery.
		In the same year the newly formed " Rocket Troop" of the Royal Artillery was sent to serve with the Allies in Germany, and this troop rendered excellent service at the battle of Leipzig, where its commander Captain Bogue was killed.
		In his later years Congreve took a prominent part in various industrial ventures, such as gas companies, which, however, were for the most part unsuccessful.
	2.1911encyclopedia.org /C/CO/CONGREVE_SIR_WILLIAM.htm (591 words)

	William Congreve (inventor) Encyclopedia Articles @ JobsInArt.com (Jobs in Art) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Congreve rockets were used for the remainder of the Napoleonic Wars, as well as the War of 1812 -- the "rockets' red glare" in the American national anthem describes their firing at Fort McHenry during the latter conflict.
		Congreve was awarded the honorary rank of Lieutenant colonel in 1811 and was often referred to as "Colonel Congreve."
		Congreve invented a gun-recoil mounting, a time-fuze, a rocket parachute attachment, a hydropneumatic canal lock and sluice (1813), a perpetual motion machine, a process of color printing (1821) which was widely used in Germany, a new form of steam engine, and a method of consuming smoke (which was applied at the Royal Laboratory).
	www.jobsinart.com /encyclopedia/William_Congreve_%28inventor%29 (584 words)

	NASM Space Artifacts: Congreve 32-pounder Rocket
		Congreve rockets were widely used during the Napoleonic wars as well as against the Americans during the War of 1812.
		Hale rockets were stabilized by the rockets rotating in their flight which deflected shifts of wind which sometimes caused the rockets to swerve.
		Congreve rockets were not always stable in their flight and because they were largely made by hand they were often unpredictable.
	www.nasm.si.edu /spacecraft/RM-Congreve32.htm (750 words)

	William Congreve (inventor) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		After the use of gunpowder rockets against British troops during the later Mysore Wars against Tipu Sultan, he was inspired to work on similar devices for use by the British military.
		Congreve rocket s were used for the remainder of the Napoleonic Wars, as well as the War of 1812 -- the "rockets' red glare" in the American national anthem describes their firing at Fort McHenry during the latter conflict.
		Besides his rockets, Congreve was a prolific (if indifferently successful) inventor for the remainder of his life.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-William_Congreve_(inventor).html (767 words)

	[No title]
		A variety of rockets, which quickly became known as Congreve rockets after their designer, were introduced weighing 18, 24, 32, 42, 100 or 300 pounds.
		The use of war rockets diminished as the latter half of the 19th century dawned, primarily due to significant advances in conventional artillery.
		Rocket batteries of this type were most often used by Confederate forces in Texas during campaigns in 1863 and 1864.
	zebu.uoregon.edu /%7Ejs/space/lectures/lec01.html (2611 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: William Congreve (playwright) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Born in Bardsey, England (near Leeds), Congreve was educated in the law at Trinity College in Dublin, Ireland; there he met Jonathan Swift, who would be his friend for the remainder of his life.
		Congreve died in a London carriage accident in 1729, and was buried in the Poets' Corner of Westminster Abbey.
		Congreve's career shifted to the political sector, where he held various minor political positions despite his stance as a Whig among Tories.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/William-Congreve-(playwright) (1442 words)

	Flashman and the Congreve Rocket
		Originally the rocket stick was mounted on the side of the rocket head by means of three iron ferules (metal rings or short metal tubes) affixed to the rocket head.
		In 1815, the rocket head was redesigned to include a vented base plate with a threaded hole at the end of the rocket head.
		Obviously the rockets must have been the original Congreve side-mount rockets since they were fired from half-pipes and it would have been impossible for Kutebar to attach a rocket head upside down to a center-mount stick.
	ns.netmcr.com /~ambro/rockets.htm (1212 words)

	Congreve rocket in TutorGig Dictionary
		The rocket is projected through the air by the force arising from the expansion of the gases liberated by combustion of the composition.
		The fuel used to generate the expelled gases in rockets may be solid or liquid; rockets propelled by liquid fuels typically have a combustible fuel (such as hydrogen or kerosene) which is combined inside the rocket engine with an oxidizer, such as liquid oxygen.
		Since rocket engines do not depend on a surrounding fluid medium to generate their thrust, as do airplanes with propellers or jet engines, they may be used for propulsion in the vacuum of space.
	www.tutorgig.com /d/Congreve+rocket (335 words)

	The Rolling Ball Web - Clocks, Congreve
		Congreve's clock is particularly interesting from the point of view of the history of the development of precision clocks because it represents a very early conscious attempt at a clock whose oscillator is as free as possible from the influence of the escapement.
		Indeed, Congreve's 1808 patent covers the entire concept of what he termed an "extremely detached escapement." This concept was later to be very successful in electromechanical precision pendulum clocks of the 19th and early 20th centuries (e.g., the Hipp "butterfly" toggle mechanism and the Synchronome).
		The Encyclopædia Britannica, Lloyd, and Smith claim that it was Woolwich.) He developed the "Congreve Rocket." Roberts cites their use in "the latter part" of the Napoleonic wars (on land and at sea), at the Siege of Copenhagen (1807), and, under the command of Congreve, at the battle of Leipzig (1812).
	www.marcdatabase.com /~lemur/rbc-congreve.html (4437 words)

	Congreve Clocks craftsman in Yorkshire, England by Sinclair Harding
		William Congreve, the son of a British General and more famous for his invention of the first Rocket in 1795, patented in 1808 a new Principle for the Measurement of Time using a rolling ball escapement.
		His original piece was powered by a Cannon ball although later models were driven by springs.
		The Sinclair Harding Congreve uniquely has the track mounted on top of the clock.
	www.clockmakers.com /congreve_clocks (274 words)

	Remote Piloted Aerial Vehicles: The History of Rockets and Military Rocketry
		These Congreve rockets were built on 6 foot long poles and were fired from a light weight tripod, allowing them to be carried quickly to the front area of a battle field and fired at the enemy, or to be carried on a ship.
		The Hale gunpowder war rocket of the last century was invented by the Englishman William Hale (1797-1870) in 1844 as a way to eliminate the cumbersome wooden guidestick of the Congreve rocket.
		The Hale rocket was therefore called the stickless, or rotary rocket, since it obtained its stability in flight by part of the exhaust gases causing the rocket to rotate or spin on its axis....
	www.ctie.monash.edu /hargrave/rpav_rocket.html (4550 words)

	History of Rocketry: 18th and 19th Centuries
		Congreve rockets were not only fired from ships during the War of 1812, but on land as well.
		Congreve rockets were fired during the Battle of Waterloo in 1815.
		Rockets similar to Hale rockets were developed by the Swiss, who deployed a 6-pound rocket that had a maximum range of just under 2,000 yards.
	www.spaceline.org /history/2.html (3262 words)

	Wizards Community - Rocket's red glare
		The Congreve rocket of the late 18th and early 19th centuries was stabilized by a long wooden spar, but was still quite erratic — it also suffered problems of premature explosion and was somewhat dangerous to handle.
		The portability of rockets was also an advantage over artillery in some theatres of operation — for example, rocket batteries were attached to the mountain howitzer units of the U.S. Army and Hale rockets saw extensive with British soldiers in colonial engagements such as the Zulu War and the war in the Sudan.
		The Congreve rockets used during the Napoleanic Wars/War of 1812 were stabilized by means of a long wooden spar.
	boards.wizards.com /showthread.php?t=338178 (1261 words)

	Congreve, William - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Congreve, William
		His plays, which satirize and criticize the social affectations (show of manners) of the time, are characterized by elegant wit and wordplay, and complex plots.
		Congreve was born near Leeds, but educated in Ireland.
		Congreve had an illegitimate daughter with the Duchess of Malborough.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Congreve%2c+William (200 words)

	Timeline of rocket and missile technology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This article gives a concise timeline of rocket and missile technology.
		300 BC - Rockets and fireworks are developed by the Chinese using gunpowder.
		1803 - The British Army develops the Congreve rocket based on weapons used against them in India and introduces military rocketry to Europe.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Timeline_of_rocket_and_missile_technology (524 words)

	Chapter 7 -- The Beginning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Inaccurate rockets had been used in great numbers as weapons in India from the 16th through the 18th Centuries, but they were used to frighten infantry troops and war elephants.
		Congreve's rockets were much like the skyrockets of that time, except that his were larger and encased in sheet iron.
		The rocket accomplished rotation by having holes drilled in its rear, thus causing the escaping gas to flow in a circular motion naturally rotating the entire rocket.
	www.space.edu /projects/book/chapter7.html (3293 words)

	Battle of Baltimore - British Armaments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The rockets described in our National Anthem were designed by William Congreve of the Royal Laboratory at Woolrich, England, in 1808.
		Intrigued by the military potential of self-propelled missiles, Congreve began his experiments in 1804; by 1812, his designs were adopted as part of Britain's naval arsenal.
		Since the rocket can be launched without damaging/disrupting its launch site, Congreve was able to design very light and mobile devices to launch the rocket on land or at sea.
	www.bcpl.net /~etowner/bb2e.html (502 words)

	ipedia.com: Congreve rocket Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The British had become interested in the concept following the use of rockets against their troops in India in the 1790s.
		They could be fired up to two miles - the range being set by the degree of elevation of the launching frame, although at any range they were fairly inaccurate and had a tendency for premature explosion.
		Congreve designed several different warhead sizes from 3 to 24 pounds.
	www.ipedia.com /congreve_rocket.html (353 words)

	Annual Report 2000 - 2001, Max-Planck-Institut for the History of Science
		Congreve justified his rockets as utilitarian contributions to military industrialization, suggesting technical advantages of the rocket such as their lack of recoil would prove more economically efficient for British forces than traditional ordnance.
		Congreve claimed to undo these artisanal traditions with his rockets.
		Only after traditional knowledge, tacit skills, and judgements were incorporated into the “scientific” Congreve rocket did it succeed to become, in the long term, a major weapon in nineteenth-century military arsenals and ultimately a reverential symbol of the very “modern” scientific-industrial values which hindered its practicability.
	www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de /resrep00_01/Jahresbericht_2_7_section.html (3360 words)

	Rocket in TutorGig Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Image F 1 rocket engine.jpg right thumb 150px F 1 rocket engine The kind used by the Saturn V. A bipropellant rocket engine is a rocket engine that uses two fluid propellants stored in separate tanks that are injected..
		A relativistic rocket is any spacecraft that is travelling at a velocity close enough to light speed..., motion is aproximately described by Newtonian physics and the Tsiolkovsky rocket equation can be used..
		Red Rocket is a popular nickname for the PCC streetcars used in the city of Toronto s Toronto streetcar system streetcar system by the Toronto Transit Commission.
	www.tutorgig.com /es/Rocket/3 (881 words)

	Family Tree Maker's Genealogy Site: User Home Pages: "The Congrove Family "
		I have one ancestor CA 1804, interred as a Congreve, the main areas the name occurs is in Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Nebraska, New York,Ohio, Oregon, Virgiania, West Virginia, Washington.
		The Congreve rocket designed by William Congreve, may have been a bit to close to the new patriots name for comfort.
		Sir William Congreve was a famous inventor, the Congreve: clock, rocket, artillery cannons, and "Congreve match".
	www.familytreemaker.com /users/c/o/n/Kenneth-W-Congrove-jr/index.html (633 words)

	Rockets as Inventions(Late 19th Century) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		These rocket harpoons were launched form a shoulder-held tube equipped with a circular blast shield.
		For example, the Congreve rocket was capable of carrying a line over 1000 feet to a stranded ship.
		Tsiolkovsky stated that the speed and range of a rocket were limited by the exhaust velocity of escaping gases.
	history.msfc.nasa.gov /rocketry/tl3.html (303 words)

	William Congreve (inventor)
		Sir William Congreve (May 20, 1772-May 16, 1828), was an English inventor and rocket pioneer.
		in 1811, Congreve was awarded the honarary rank of Lieutenant colonel and was often referred to as "Colonel Congreve."
		Therefore the extra weight of it will cause the chain to move round in the direction of the arrow, and this will go on, supposedly, continually.
	en.mcfly.org /William+Congreve+%28inventor%29 (469 words)

	Cossacks Heaven
		The lance could easily be beaten by a man carrying a sabre or heavy cavalry sword providing he had the horsemanship to negotiate his way past the lance so that he could kill its owner.
		Congreve's weapon was meant to be a revolutionary weapon for modern warfare.
		The main use for Congreve's rocket was to scare the enemy; otherwise it was largely useless.
	cossacks.heavengames.com /cossacks2/articles/weapons.shtml (1003 words)

	British Royal Horse Artillery : Artillery : organisation : history : ammunition : Napoleonic Wars : Ranges : Crews : ...
		In 1806 the number of RHA troops was increased to 12 and eight units fought at Waterloo - including Captain Whinyates' 2nd Rocket Troop, which had five six-pounder subdivisions and a rocket subdivision at the battle.
		Another major British invention was the Congreve Rocket, which would shoot a barrage of 12-pounder explosives in the general (hopefully) direction of the enemy.
		Unfortunately, accuracy was not a major success with the rockets and although they did see action in Spain and Portugal, as well as in Germany, they were not viewed as being particularly useful.
	www.napoleonguide.com /artillery_britain-royal-horse.htm (510 words)

	Centre for First World War Studies
		Lieutenant-General Sir Walter Norris Congreve VC (1862-1927) inherited his nickname through the fame of his ancestor, William Congreve (1772-1828), inventor of the Congreve Rocket (or ‘Squib’).
		Walter Congreve was a brigade, divisional and corps commander on the Western Front.
		Congreve won the Victoria Cross during the South African War at the Battle of Colenso.
	www.firstworldwar.bham.ac.uk /nicknames/congreve.htm (177 words)

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