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Topic: Conidia

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	Midwest Biological Control News
		Conidia are produced externally on mainly early-instar cadavers and are critical for disease transmission during a season.
		Conidia were abundant in the air during sporadic intervals when gypsy moth populations were relatively high (>20,000 egg masses/ha in 1992), but were almost undetectable when gypsy moth larvae were scarce (<100 egg masses/ha at the beginning of the 1993 field season).
		Conidia were only present in the air after periods of leaf wetness, with a lag of 5 to 16 hours from the start of leaf wetness to conidial presence, and large releases of conidia only occurred during extended stormy periods.
	www.entomology.wisc.edu /mbcn/for702.html (692 words)

	Entomophthora muscae
		A halo of primary conidia often surrounds the cadaver, and is particularly evident on glass surfaces.
		Large primary conidia are produced soon after the fly dies, but in the event no hosts are available for the primary conidia, a smaller secondary conidia may develop from the primary conidia.
		Conidia are produced at the apex of a conidiophore, and when mature, are forcibly ejected onto the surrounding surface area.
	www.nysaes.cornell.edu /ent/biocontrol/pathogens/entomophthora_m.html (727 words)

	Leaf Spot of Strawberry - Tree Fruit & Berry Pathology
		Conidia landing on leaf surfaces produce germ tubes which penetrate through natural leaf openings (stomata) on upper and lower surfaces of leaves.
		Abundant conidia, produced in early summer on lesions on both upper and lower leaf surfaces and lesions on other plant parts, are spread primarily by water splash.
		Conidia produced in leaf infections are probably the primary inoculum source for fruit infections.
	www.nysaes.cornell.edu /pp/extension/tfabp/lspsmf.shtml (955 words)

	Accumulation of Amphotericin B in Human Macrophages Enhances Activity against Aspergillus fumigatus Conidia: ...
		Incubation of MDMs with conidia and reisolation of conidia.
		Conidia were detected as a distinct population within R1 as defined in panel A, and 2,500 events/sample were gated.
		Notably, uptake of PI by the conidia was
	aac.asm.org /cgi/content/full/42/10/2569 (4646 words)

	JAIC , Volume 39, Number 1, Article 8 (pp. to )
		First, because the methods involve only conidia that can germinate and develop subsequent growth, false negatives may occur because some conidia may be dead, not activated and unable to germinate, or unable to utilize the growth medium used.
		Health Canada (1995) points out that even if conidia concentrations in room air were known with absolute accuracy, we would be little further ahead in understanding the association between these numbers and allergic or respiratory symptoms.
		In addition essential dose-response information to correlate numbers of fungal conidia of particular fungal species to health effects in humans is absent for all molds, and as tolerances in individuals vary so greatly, acceptable dose-response data continue to be very difficult to obtain.
	aic.stanford.edu /jaic/articles/jaic39-01-008_3.html (771 words)

	Uptake of Aspergillus fumigatus Conidia by Phagocytic and Nonphagocytic Cells In Vitro: Quantitation Using Strains ...
		Phagocytosis of conidia by A549, HUVE, and J774 cells.
		fumigatus conidia in the presence of phagocytosis inhibitors.
		Wasylnka, J. A., Moore, M. Aspergillus fumigatus conidia survive and germinate in acidic organelles of A549 epithelial cells.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/70/6/3156 (5267 words)

	Mycotoxin prevention and control in foodgrains - Training in mould isolation, identification, handling, and evaluation ...
		Conidia are usually smooth and elliptical and larger than those of A. flavus.
		Conidia are usually smooth walled and globose to slightly ellipitical.
		Conidia are formed in long thin chains which shine like threads of silk under illumination.
	www.fao.org /docrep/X5036E/x5036E0n.htm (3439 words)

	Profile & Mission (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Conidia's mission is to develop and market rapid test kits for the detection of microbial contamination.
		Conidia Bioscience Ltd is the producer of the revolutionary Fuelstat™ resinae test kit for the detection of microbial contamination in aviation fuel.
		Conidia Bioscience Ltd is a joint venture between the Centres for Applied Bioscience International, (CABI), headquartered at Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK and EmTek Global Services Limited (ETGS), a private equity management and strategic business development company located in Stockbridge, Hampshire, UK.
	www.conidia.com /profile_mission.html (189 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Persistence and Movement of Fungal Conidia Applied to Soil for the Management of the ...
		The number of conidia did not increase with more applications, nor did timing of applications (fall vs. spring) affect the levels of conidia present in the soil.
		Concentrations of conidia for the fungal treatments ranged from approximately 4E4 to 1.6E5 CFU/g of soil throughout the sampling period.
		57-89% of the conidia were present to the top 7.5 cm of the soil profile, and there were significantly fewer conidia present in the middle and bottom 7.5 cm of the soil profile when applications were made for only 2 years.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=100426&pf=1 (557 words)

	PSES home
		The first are called conidia or conidial spores, and are the asexual reproductive structures of the fungus.
		The conidia are able to survive for only a few hours in the absence of a host.
		High humidity and temperatures between 70° and 75° Fahrenheit favor conidia germination and growth; however, hop powdery mildew is able to grow and produce conidia quite well in dry climates at temperatures from 55° to 85° Fahrenheit.
	www.ag.uidaho.edu /pses/Research/r_ent_hoppest_powderymildew.htm (1945 words)

	Bitter Rot of Apples, HYG-3302-95
		Copious quantities of ooze containing conidia (spores) are produced in fungal fruiting bodies called acervuli, which occur in concentric circles on rotted tissue around the point of infection.
		Conidia, produced in these overwintering sites, are the primary inoculum source in the spring, although ascospore inoculum is important in some orchards.
		Conidia are spread by splashing and wind-blown rain.
	ohioline.osu.edu /hyg-fact/3000/3302.html (829 words)

	JAIC , Volume 39, Number 1, Article 8 (pp. to )
		On the conidiophores, thousands of conidia are produced, which can easily become airborne because of their small size (2–10 μm) and buoyancy.
		The fungal conidia commonly present in analyses of airspora are a cosmopolitan group of fungal species.
		Under normal conditions or a chance exposure, the inhalation of the airborne conidia does not cause any response in most people, although there are a few who are hyperallergic and may have an allergic response from the inhalation of this low number of conidia.
	aic.stanford.edu /jaic/articles/jaic39-01-008_2.html (1430 words)

	Binding of Rat and Human Surfactant Proteins A and D to Aspergillus fumigatus Conidia -- Allen et al. 67 (9): 4563 -- ...
		conidia were incubated with various concentrations of SP-D for 1 h at 25°C followed by washing and similar incubations with primary and secondary antibodies.
		conidia and binding was allowed to progress for 1 h at 25°C, followed by washing and similar incubations with primary and secondary antibodies.
		conidia were incubated with 20 µg of SP-D/ml for 1 h at 25°C followed by washing and similar incubations with primary and secondary antibodies.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/67/9/4563 (5114 words)

	Fungal Melanin
		Since the survival of conidia in the host is prerequisite for establishing disease, we have been attempting to identify factors which are associated with conidia and, simultaneously, of importance for infection.
		Conidia incubated in water at 24 C germinated and germ tubes differentiated into melanized appressoria.
		In conidia germinating in water at 32 C, the transcriptional pattern of that in appressorium-forming conidia, although no appressoria were formed.
	www.fgsc.net /asilomar/melanin.html (1330 words)

	Pathogens: Insect Pathogens: Photos: Fungal Pathogens
		Generally, if a young leafhopper is infected, primary conidia are produced, while if an older individual is infected, resting spores are produced.
		Conidia produced by entomophthoralean fungi are not passively released as are the conidia of the Ascomycetes, but are forcefully discharged from the infected leafhopper.
		If one of these conidia encounters a susceptible host, a germ tube is formed, the fungus invades the hemocoel and the infection progresses.
	www.inhs.uiuc.edu /cee/biocontrol/pathogens/typesofpathogens/photos/fungi9.html (198 words)

	file:///Untitled
		Conidia and conidiophore produced in pycnidia (sing.=pycnidium): A fruiting body of variable shape and size, e.g., globose, flask-shaped, disk-shaped, etc., in which conidia and conidiophore are borne (Fig.
		Conidia and conidiohore produced in acervuli (sing.=acervulus): A plate-like stroma on which conidia and conidiophore are borne (Figs.
		Figure 8: Conidia of Pestalotia are very distinctive.The end cells with the single appendage is where the conidia were attached and the other end of the conidium has two to three appendages.
	www.botany.hawaii.edu /faculty/wong/Bot201/Deuteromycota/Deuteromycota.htm (1102 words)

	Formation of a large number of conidia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Sometimes, not enough conidia are formed for various experiments even in the wild type.
		The number of conidia in each suspension was counted using a hemocytometer and the average of three cultures for each strain is shown in the Figure 1.
		The number of conidia formed in the medium with cotton cube and without cotton cube.
	www.fgsc.net /fgn43/kanauch.html (404 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Dose-Dependent Acquisition of Beauveria Bassiana Conidia by Western Flower Thrips, ...
		Conidia were counted on thrips' bodies 24 h after exposure and on the leaf disks (conidia/mm2), and LD50 and LC50 estimates were generated.
		For all fungal preparations, the acquisition rate, defined as the number of conidia observed on the whole thrips body divided by the total number of conidia to which the thrips were exposed, unexpectedly decreased as the application rate increased.
		In the regression analyses, it is assumed that conidial concentrations on the leaf disks are a reliable measure (at least a reliable relative measure) of the doses to which the insects are exposed.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?seq_no_115=167023 (357 words)

	Aspergillus fumigatus conidia induce a Th1-type cytokine response.
		In studies of the proliferative response of MNC from 18 healthy donors to heat-killed A. fumigatus conidia, 15 displayed a significant response, with a stimulation index (SI) between 4 and 193.
		Despite the variability in reactivity to A. fumigatus conidia, the response of a particular individual was stable when retested over periods of 1-2 weeks.
		Supernatant from cocultures of A. fumigatus conidia with MNC contained increased levels of interferon-gamma, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin (IL)-2, compared with unstimulated cells, but not IL-10 or IL-4.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/1998/mar/m9830735.html (398 words)

	Germination of Penicillium paneum Conidia Is Regulated by 1-Octen-3-ol, a Volatile Self-Inhibitor -- Chitarra et al. 70 ...
		Germination of Penicillium paneum Conidia Is Regulated by 1-Octen-3-ol, a Volatile Self-Inhibitor -- Chitarra et al.
		conidia that had not already formed germ tubes were blocked.
		Germination self-inhibitor of sunflower and snapdragon rust uredospores.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/70/5/2823 (3228 words)

	Field Identification
		Note the length of the beaks of conidia with longitudinal and transverse cross-walls.
		Typical football-shaped alpha conidia, each with an oil droplet at each end, and long, thin, hairlike beta conidia with a prominent bend near the middle (400x).
		Three mature conidia - one containing rod-shaped fibrosin bodies, and a simple, short conidiophore bearing three immature conidia in a chain (400x).
	www.ces.ncsu.edu /depts/pp/cucurbit/field.php (759 words)

	Methods of Host Infection
		Conidia will continue to be produced as long as environmental and host conditions are favorable.
		The conidia are one celled, hyaline, and generally oval in shape.
		When conidia or ascospores come in contact with a suitable host’s succulent new growth they will germinate in a day or two if temperature and relative humidity are sufficiently high.
	www.cals.ncsu.edu /course/pp318/profiles/pm/infection.html (449 words)

	Glucose uptake in germinating Aspergillus nidulans conidia: involvement of the creA and sorA genes -- MacCabe et al. ...
		Glucose uptake in germinating Aspergillus nidulans conidia: involvement of the creA and sorA genes -- MacCabe et al.
		Glucose uptake in germinating Aspergillus nidulans conidia: involvement of the creA and sorA genes
		conidia germinating in the presence of glucose or glycerol indicate
	mic.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/149/8/2129 (3582 words)

	An animal model for allergic penicilliosis induced by the intranasal instillation of viable Penicillium chrysogenum ...
		Phagocytosed conidia (arrows) at various stages of digestion were commonly observed within phagosomes of the macrophage at all the times studied.
		The conidia in (A) and (B) are apparently in later stages of destruction.
		the BAL fluid of mice inoculated with viable conidia.
	thorax.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/55/6/489 (4145 words)

	Fonsecaea Species
		The conidiophores are pale brown, erect, septate, and sympodial with conidiogenous zones confined to the upper portion.
		Fonsecaea type: Conidia are 1-celled and arise upon swollen denticles that are located at the tips of the conidiophores.
		The conidia may be located at the tips and along the sides of conidiophores.
	www.doctorfungus.org /thefungi/Fonsecaea.htm (1342 words)

	Aspergillus fumigatus conidia survive and germinate in acidic organelles of A549 epithelial cells -- Wasylnka and Moore ...
		Aspergillus fumigatus conidia survive and germinate in acidic organelles of A549 epithelial cells
		fumigatus gGFP conidia and incubated in MEM/10% (v/v)
		J774 cells, 29% of the internalized conidia were in acidic organelles (Fig.
	jcs.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/116/8/1579 (4892 words)

	Interactions of Aspergillus fumigatus with endothelial cells: internalization, injury, and stimulation of tissue factor ...
		Conidia and hyphae induce rearrangement of endothelial cell microfilaments and subsequent endocytosis
		Endothelial cells were infected with conidia of the indicated clinical isolates of A fumigatus for 8 hours, after which endothelial cell injury was measured.
		Uptake of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia by phagocytic and nonphagocytic cells in vitro: quantitation using strains expressing green fluorescent protein.
	www.bloodjournal.org /cgi/content/full/103/6/2143 (5131 words)

	Differences in sialic acid density in pathogenic and non-pathogenic Aspergillus species -- Wasylnka et al. 147 (4): 869 ...
		Untreated conidia were also incubated with biotinylated LFA in the absence (e) or presence (g) of 100 mM Neu5Ac followed by Streptavidin–Oregon Green.
		fumigatus conidia to fibronectin in the presence of sialylated carbohydrates.
		fumigatus conidia were added to the plates in the presence of mucin, asialomucin or Neu5Ac at the indicated concentrations for 1 h at 37 °C. Unbound conidia were washed off with PBS/Tween and the absorbance measured at 490 nm on a microtitre plate reader (Bio-Tek Instruments) after the addition of the peroxidase substrate.
	mic.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/147/4/869 (4279 words)

	Comparison of In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibilities of Conidia and Hyphae of Dermatophytes with Thick-Wall Macroconidia ...
		Comparison of In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibilities of Conidia and Hyphae of Dermatophytes with Thick-Wall Macroconidia -- Fernández-Torres et al.
		conidia and hyphae of the fungi tested were similar.
		Comparative study of susceptibilities of germinated and ungerminated conidia of Aspergillus fumigatus to various antifungal agents.
	aac.asm.org /cgi/content/full/47/10/3371 (724 words)

	Damage and recovery from UV-B exposure in conidia of the entomopathogens Verticillium lecanii and Aphanocladium album ...
		regions, are sufficient to inactivate the conidia of all strains
		Braga GUL, Flint SD, Messias CL, Anderson AJ, Roberts DW., 2001a Effects of UVB irradiance on conidia and germinants of the entomopathogenic hyphomycete Metarhizium anisopliae: a study of reciprocity and recovery.
		conidia with exposure to simulated sunlight and a range of temperatures.
	www.mycologia.org /cgi/content/full/94/6/912 (3625 words)

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