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Topic: Coniine

Related Topics

Conium

Alkaloid

Tertiary Amine

Poison hemlock

Pyridine

Cicuta virosa

Hemlock

Muscarine

Folic acid

Alkene

Piperine

Choline

Quaternary ammonium cation

Makron

Purine

	Coniine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Coniine was the first of the alkaloids ever synthesised (by Albert Ladenburg in 1886).
		This intermediate was reduced with metallic sodium in ethanol to racemic (+-) Coniine (reduction by hydrogen gas is also possible).
		Enantiopure Coniine was obtained by fractional crystallisation of the diastereoisomers of the salt obtained with (+)-tartaric acid.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Coniine (204 words)

	structure.html
		Coniine's LD50 in mice is 100 mg/Kg (oral) with death in 10 minutes.
		Coniine had been studied a little because it was commercially available, and it was known that its actions resembled that of nicotine, a pyridine alkaloid in both the CNS and PNS.
		Paralysis by the hemlock alkaloids is caused at the neuromuscular junction.
	chemweb.calpoly.edu /chem/bailey/377/PapersF2000/Lynn/structure.html (575 words)

	index.html
		Coniine resides mostly in the seeds and in mature plants.
		Coniine blocks the spinal reflexes throught the medulla, the depression of the autonomic gangliae, followed by a stimulus of the skeletal muscles and a neuromuscular blockage through nicotinic receptors.
		The differences in the affinity of coniine for nicotinic receptors is said to explain the different susceptibility for coniine amongst the chick and the rat.
	chemweb.calpoly.edu /chem/bailey/377/PapersF02/Kerri (1042 words)

	Coniine -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Coniine or 2-propylpiperidine is a poisonous alkaloid found in (Large branching biennial herb native to Eurasia and Africa and adventive in North America having large fernlike leaves and white flowers; usually found in damp habitats; all parts extremely poisonous) poison hemlock.
		Coniine was the first of the alkaloids ever synthesised by (additional info and facts about Albert Ladenburg) Albert Ladenburg in 1886.
		(additional info and facts about Enantiopure) Enantiopure Coniine was obtained by fractional (The formation of crystals) crystallisation of the (additional info and facts about diastereoisomer) diastereoisomers of the salt obtained with (+)- (An acid found in many fruits; used in soft drinks and confectionery and baking powder) tartaric acid.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/co/coniine.htm (214 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Coniine, an alkaloid from Conium maculatum (poison hemlock), is a known teratogen in many domestic species with maternal ingestion resulting in arthrogryposis of the offspring.
		The purpose of this study was to evaluate coniine binding to nicotinic receptors and to measure coniine metabolism in vitro between susceptible and non-susceptible species.
		The IC for coniine in rat diaphragm was 314 µM while that for chick leg muscle was 70 µM. For neuronal nicotinic receptors, the IC s of coniine for maternal rat brain, fetal rat brain, and chick brain were 1100 µM, 820 µM, and 270 µM, respectively.
	www.elsevier.com /cdweb/journals/03784274/articles/89/3/S037842749603804.abstract.en (284 words)

	Conium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Conium root is fleshy, white and often unbranched and can be mistaken for parsnip.
		Coniine is a neurotoxin, which disrupts the workings of the central nervous system and is toxic to all classes of livestock and humans.
		A lethal dose for a horse is 4 to 5 pounds (1.8 to 2.2 kg) of leaves, cattle; 1 to 2 pounds (0.45 to 0.9 kg), and sheep; half pound (0.2 kg) or less.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Poison_hemlock (675 words)

	Conium maculatum L. (PIM 144)
		Coniine and coniceine can be absorbed through the skin when the plant is used as an analgesic "plaster" (Font Quer, 1979).
		Coniine, a teratogenic principle from conium maculatum producing congenital malformations in calves.
		Teratogenicity and toxicity of coniine in cows, ewes and mares.
	www.intox.org /databank/documents/plant/conium/conium.htm (1616 words)

	Alkaloids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Coniine (1), whose structure is based on piperidine, is highly toxic.
		C labelled lysine produced radiolabelled coniine but the site of the label was not investigated.
		It was concluded at this point that the high level of label incorporation indicates that the actual biosynthesis of coniine originates from a polyketide.
	www.staffs.ac.uk /schools/sciences/chemistry/tebby/alkaloids.html (1308 words)

	Alkaloid
		Nearly 3000 alkaloids have been recorded; the first to be prepared synthetically (1886) was one of the simplest, called coniine, or 2-propyl piperidine, C
		Coniine, obtained from seeds of the hemlock, was the poison used in the execution of Socrates.
		The alkaloid coniine is the active component of the poison hemlock (Conium maculatum).
	www.landborgen.net /EOL/html/Alkaloid.htm (1055 words)

	Coniine - (Poisin Hemlock)
		Coniine is a piperidine alkaloid, (based on the piperidine structure).
		However, Coniine will severely depress the nervous system and can lead to paralysis and fatality, if not flushed out of the body.
		Other chemicals present include the piperidine alkaloid coniceine (oxidised form of Coniine) and conidrine.
	www.chm.bris.ac.uk /webprojects2001/gerrard/coniine.html (335 words)

	Medline Abstracts, Arthrogryposis, 1989-96 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Coniine, an alkaloid from Conium maculatum (poison hemlock), has been shown to be teratogenic in livestock.
		Concentrations of coniine and nicotine sulfate were 0.015%, 0.03%, 0.075%, 0.15%, 0.75%, 1.5%, 3%, and 6% and 1%, 5%, and 10%, respectively.
		Symptoms of maternal intoxication due to coniine administration were observed in both the rat and the rabbit, and higher doses were uniformly lethal.
	www.sonnet.com /avenues/research/biblio2b.htm (8688 words)

	Atropine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		This molecular formula suggests that the heterocyclic ring is saturated indicating a piperidine rather than pyridine structure for coniine.
		Conyrine loses two carbon atoms on oxidation which implies that the side chain of coniine consists of three carbon atoms, that is a n-propyl or iso-propyl group.
		From this evidence it was expected that coniine is 2-n-propylpiperidine and this was confirmed by synthesis in 1886.
	www.chm.bris.ac.uk /motm/hemlock/strucuturech.htm (146 words)

	Conium maculatum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Coniine, synthesized by Ladenburg in 1886, was the first alkaloid to be synthesized.
		Variability in toxicity of this kind may explain the fact that in experimental feedings of a cow in Texas, Conium was found to produce symptoms but not death at about 2 percent of the animal's weight and did not produce death even at almost 4 percent.
		Coniine is volatile and is lost slowly from Conium while drying.
	tncweeds.ucdavis.edu /esadocs/documnts/conimac.html (2516 words)

	Medline Abstracts, Arthrogryposis, 1989-96 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Using the chick model, neither the peripheral nicotinic receptor antagonist d-tubocurarine chloride nor the central nicotinic receptor antagonist trimethaphan camsylate blocked the teratogenesis or lethality of 1.5% coniine (50 microliters/egg).
		Competition by coniine for [125I]-alpha-bungarotoxin to nicotinic receptors isolated from adult rat diaphragm and chick thigh muscle and competition by coniine for [3H]-cytisine to receptors from rat and chick brain were used to assess coniine binding to nicotinic receptors.
		For neuronal nicotinic receptors, the IC50s of coniine for maternal rat brain, fetal rat brain, and chick brain were 1100 microM, 820 microM, and 270 microM, respectively.
	www.sonnet.com /avenues/research/biblio2a.htm (8008 words)

	Hemlock (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		By far the most important constituent of hemlock leaves is the alkaloid Coniine, of which they may contain, when collected at the proper time, as much as 2.77% the average being 1.65%.
		When pure, Coniine is a volatile, colorless, oily liquid, strongly alkaline, with poisonous properties and having a bitter taste and a disagreeable, penetrating, mouse-like odor.
		When pure, Coniine is a volatile, colourless, oily liquid, strongly alkaline, with poisonous properties and having a bitter taste and a disagreeable, penetrating, mouse-like odour.
	www.angelfire.com /realm2/amethystbt/dangeroushemlock.html (2576 words)

	Sciencemadness Discussion Board - Powered by XMB 1.8 Partagium Final SP3
		The Coniine is a violent poison extracted from the Hemlock.
		Although extracting Coniine might have its own specific difficulties expecially if you want an expecially pure sample, it still follows the usual protocol for extracting alkaloids.
		And NO ethanol can't be used in place of ether to make a biphasic extraction...because ethanol is amphiphilic and the role of the solvent si to dissolve selectively at a given pH the molecular form or the ionised form of the alkaloid....most extractions of organic acid or bases you have synthetised...follow the principe:
	www.sciencemadness.org /talk/viewthread.php?tid=2065 (759 words)

	Kochia - Poisonous Plant Information
		Keeler, R. Coniine, a teratogenic principle from Conium maculatum producing congenital malformations in calves.
		The most toxic chemical, gamma-coniceine is abundant in leaves flowers and less common in the fruits, where it is quickly converted to coniine and N-methylconiine (Cromwell 1956).
		During the second year of growth, the content of both coniine and N-methyconiine increase, especially in the leaves and fruits, with a decrease in the first chemical.
	www.babygiftspersonalized.com /poisonousplants/poisonhemlock.html (1114 words)

	Hemlock
		These two compounds are g-coniceine and coniine with coniine being about 8 times more toxic than coniceine.
		Coniine, also called 2-propyl piperidine, is also one of the simplest alkaloids and one of the most toxic, with a dose of less than 0.2 grams being toxic.
		Pure coniine is a colorless, oily liquid with a bitter taste and unpleasant odor.
	www.medicinaantiqua.org.uk /sa_hemlock.html (629 words)

	Coniine Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Looking For coniine - Find coniine and more at Lycos Search.
		Find coniine - Your relevant result is a click away!
		N, is a poisonous alkaloid found in poison hemlock.
	209.197.89.145 /encyclopedia/Coniine (294 words)

	Poison Hemlock - Conium maculatum
		The philosopher Socrates was sentenced to death and died in 399 BC after drinking hemlock juice.
		In the account of the death of Socrates, reference is made to loss of sensation as one of the prominent symptoms of his poisoning, but the dominant action is on the motor system.
		In man, 3 mg of coniine is said to have produced symptoms, but 15 mg have been tolerated without discomfort.
	montana.plant-life.org /species/conium_mac.htm (293 words)

	[No title]
		Also, be sure to express your answers to the correct number of significant figures.
		Coniine, a toxic substance isolated from poison hemlock, contains only carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen.
		The molar mass of coniine is 127.23 g/mol.
	cas.bellarmine.edu /chemistry/chem116/fall00/Homework/00c116homework3ak.doc (344 words)

	Pyrrolidine, Tropane, Piperidine and Polyketide Alkaloids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Pipecolic acid and a series of alkaloid derivatives appear to be derived from L-lysine, via the intermediacy of D-lysine.
		Coniine, from Conium maculatum, is one of the few encountered.
		Coniine does, however, occur in several other plants.
	www.life.uiuc.edu /plantbio/363/lecture29.html (642 words)

	Amines,
		Amines that are isolated from plants are known as alkaloids.
		Nicotine has a pleasant, invigorating effect when taken in minuscule quantities, but is extremely toxic in larger amounts.
		Coniine is the active ingredient in hemlock, a poison that has been used since the time of Socrates.
	chemed.chem.purdue.edu /genchem/topicreview/bp/2organic/amines.html (506 words)

	Shane's Webpage
		Stimulants are sometimes referred to as "uppers" and reverse the effects of fatigue on both mental and physical tasks.
		Some of the poisons I will be discussing are, Potassium permanganate, Strychnine, and Coniine.
		Coniine is a poisonous chemical with historical significance.
	www.miramar.sdccd.cc.ca.us /faculty/fgarces/chemproj/Ch201_Sp2K/Chem201Sp2K/Shane/shane.htm (2287 words)

	Toxic Principle, Poison Hemlock -- Vet Med Library, UIUC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Piperidine (nicotinic) alkaloids in Conium include coniceine, coniine, N-methyl coniine, conhydrine, and pseudoconhydrine.
		Coniine (2-propylpiperidine) and N-methyl coniine progressively increase in flowers and fruits, while coniceine decreases during plant maturation.
		Coniceine and coniine are the primary teratogenic alkaloids of Conium.
	www.library.uiuc.edu /vex/toxic/phemlock/phemlck4.htm (135 words)

	Welcome to Lachlan Cranswick's Personal Homepage in Melbourne, Australia - Web and literature references on the ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Conium maculatum contains coniine which is a peripheral neurotoxin that produces curare-like effects on neuromuscular junctions and nicotinic effects on autonomic ganglia.
		The toxicity from Cicuta maculata ingestion is attributed to cicutoxin.
		Frank, A. A.; Reed, W. (1990) Comparative toxicity of coniine, an alkaloid of Conium maculatum (poison hemlock), in chickens, quails, and turkeys.
	lachlan.bluehaze.com.au /hemlock.html (2263 words)

	poison hemlock -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		Conium maculatum is a tall biennial (living for two years) with green stems spotted with red or purple, large compound leaves, and white flowers.
		Coniine, the poison, is concentrated in the seeds, though the entire plant is dangerous to livestock when fresh.
		Of the water hemlocks, the European Cicuta virosa is perhaps the best known; it is a tall perennial herb that grows in marshy areas and is a deadly poison.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9060559 (816 words)

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