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Topic: Conjunto

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	Texas Folklife Resources-Curriculum guide: Conjunto Accordion Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Conjunto first emerged in the Lower Rio Grande Valley in the early part of the 20th century as a mixture of local traditions including Mexican musica indigena and European accordion and polka music.
		Conjuntos perform a mixture of instrumentals and vocal songs sung solo or in harmony as a duet.
		Although conjunto remains one of the most popular forms of music in the southwest, other genres such as Norteño, grupos tropicales, general Latino, and pop-infused Tejano music have emerged on the scene, greatly increasing competition for a limited audience’s attention.
	www.main.org /tfr/cg_conjunto.html (2598 words)

	PBS: Accordion Dreams - All About Conjunto
		Conjunto is a unique Texas-based music tradition born in the 19th century that continues to evolve and thrive today.
		Conjunto, like jazz, blues, and rock and roll, is a distinct American musical genre that has had a major impact on the Mexican American community of the United States, as well as reviving an interest in the accordion, and is gaining fans around the world.
		However, today's young conjunto musicians are bridging the gap with their unique interpretations of the old and the new and have helped to create the emergence of a new generation of enthusiasts.
	www.pbs.org /accordiondreams/all (1974 words)

	Conjunto Downloads - Download Conjunto Music - Download Conjunto MP3s
		Genuine conjunto is a small-group dance music, driven by accordion and bajo sexto, and is actually native to Texas and...
		Conjunto's popularity exploded in the 1950s, as the Mexican-American population became more urbanized and reached out for familiar comforts in their new surroundings; as the music spread into larger dance halls, electric instruments and amplification followed.
		Although conjunto could encompass a variety of song forms and rhythms, its dominant mode of expression was a ranchera performed over a polka or waltz rhythm.
	www.mp3.com /conjunto/genre/734/subgenre.html (1953 words)

	Meet Conjunto Oro
		Conjunto Oro and Siggno are scheduled to appear at the Annual KICK FM Fan Fair in the Dallas/Fort Worth area.
		Conjunto Oro seem to make people wild and crazy with their foot stomping, energetic performance.
		Conjunto Oro made the first cut of the contest and was invited back for the second round of competition.
	www.crownrecords.com /music_gap/oro/conjuntooro.html (775 words)

	Texas-Mexican Conjunto
		The redowa itself had been transformed into the vals bajito, in contrast to the waltz, which was known as a "vals alto." Indeed, most of the repertory for the dance, or fandango, was of European origin and included the polka, mazurka, and schottishe, in addition to the waltz and redowa.
		Among the most notable is Tony de la Rosa, who established the most ideal conjunto sound in the mid-1950s: a slowed-down polka style, delivered in a highly staccato technique that was the logical culmination of Narciso Martinez's emphasis on the treble end of the accordion.
		Led by accordionist Paulino Bernal and his brother, bajo sexto player Eloy, El Conjunto Bernal began early on to lift the conjunto style to new heights, as the Bernals' absolute mastery of their instruments allowed the group to probe the very limits of the conjunto style.
	www.smithsonianeducation.org /migrations/bord/txmxcon.html (1829 words)

	San Antonio: Nightlife : The Club & Music Scene : Conjunto \| Frommers.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Conjunto evolved at the end of the 19th century, when South Texas was swept by a wave of German immigrants who brought with them popular polkas and waltzes.
		With the addition at the turn of the century of the bajo sexto, a 12-string guitarlike instrument used for rhythmic bass accompaniment, conjunto was born.
		Tejano (Spanish for "Texan") is the 20th-century offspring of conjunto.
	www.frommers.com /destinations/sanantonio/0027030147.html (588 words)

	Unofficial Conjunto Primer for the Uninitiated Music Lover
		Conjunto music originated as the music of the lower class in a time and in a society that allowed for little upward mobility and even less mixing of its social classes.
		The first conjunto recordings were made by the major record companies, and the recording and distribution continued until World War II, when shortages of needed materials brought the industry to a standstill.
		For the older conjuntos, however, twenty LPs is not an unusual number, and some have so many singles in their discographies that they have lost count.
	www.accordions.com /index/art/guerra.shtml (2136 words)

	Conjunto Los Pochos :: Bio
		Conjunto Los Pochos' core members, Otoño Luján (button-accordion) and Elliott Baribeault (bajo sexto) met in 1996 at the California Institute of the Arts.
		In the summer of 1997, the four-piece ensemble "Conjunto Los Pochos" was born.
		Conjunto Los Pochos has lived this music at dance halls, weddings, concerts and a variety of venues from the Eastside to the Westside, throughout Southern California and across the country.
	www.lospochos.com /bios.html (475 words)

	Table of Contents and Excerpt, Tejeda and Valdez, ¡Puro Conjunto!
		Conjunto music will be defined and described in multifaceted detail in the chapters that follow, so for now just a few basic words should suffice.
		Conjunto music is dance music, and currently its most popular rhythms—enjoyed on the dance floor of the Tejano Conjunto Festival and in clubs and dance halls around the nation—are the polka and the cumbia.
		In this set of interviews, the goal was to have these conjunto artists talk about their views on style: whether they felt that distinctive styles had developed within conjunto, what characterized these styles, and who the major stylists were.
	www.utexas.edu /utpress/excerpts/extejpur.html (3959 words)

	Conjunto Céspedes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The founders of the Conjunto Luis, Gladys, and Guillermo Céspedes began playing original and traditional "Son Cubano" relying on the instrumentation of guitar, small percussion and vocals.
		By 1982 the Conjunto had expanded to a "septeto format", and was consistently playing 4 set dance gigs three or four nights a week in clubs and cultural centers throughout the Bay Area.
		In 1995 the Conjunto released VIVITO Y COLEANDO for Xenophile Records, again garnering the coveted NAIRD 1995 Latin Album of the Year Award, and again gathering an impressive amount of favorable press for it's fiery performaces and teaching residencies in major cities throughout the United Staes, Canada and Europe.
	www.afrocubaweb.com /conjuntocespedes.htm (624 words)

	Handbook of Texas Online: TEXAS-MEXICAN CONJUNTO
		He contributed one innovation to the conjunto by adding a tololoche (contrabass), which, however, did not become a standard feature of the ensemble until the 1940s and was replaced with the electric bass in the late 1950s.
		With these alterations, as well as the addition of amplification, the modern conjunto was established as a four-instrument band: accordion, bajo sexto, electric bass, and drums.
		Many major conjunto musicians have worked alongside their audience as fieldworkers or common laborers, composing and playing music in their free time, often for meager compensation.
	www.tsha.utexas.edu /handbook/online/articles/view/TT/xbtpa.html (962 words)

	Accordion Dreams:All About Conjunto
		With this addition, conjunto musicians began to focus on using the accordion just for the melody with the bass guitar as accompaniment creating the distinctive sound conjunto is known for.
		Conjunto music was considered the music of the poor, working class population.
		conjunto musicians today is the influx of females into this almost all-male genre.
	www.pbs.org /accordiondreams/all/index_alt.html (1902 words)

	Gale - Free Resources - Hispanic Heritage - Music - Music Nortena (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Conjunto After World War II In the 1950s, Tony de la Rosa revolutionized conjunto and shaped much of its post-World War II sound by adding drums and electrifying the bajo sexto (12-string bass guitar) in his group.
		His conjunto is hailed as the greatest in the history of the tradition, (hear a soundclip) an honor based on the craftsmanship and the number of innovations attributable to El Conjunto Bernal.
		Since the innovations of the 1960s, the conjunto has turned decidedly conservative, with both musicians and patrons choosing to preserve the elements of the style as these were worked out in the 1940s through the 1960s.
	www.gale.com /free_resources/chh/music/musnorte.htm (2667 words)

	Latin Beat Magazine: El Conjunto Casino on and off the record
		The conjunto evolved from a neighborhood group organized in Havana, in the early 1930s and was called Sexteto Miquito.
		Conjunto Casino's popularity in Mexico resulted in an invitation in 1944 to perform at the Cabaret Sans Souci in that country's capital city.
		The Conjunto's instrumentation of two trumpets, piano, bass and percussion as well as the original arrangements by Alberto Armenteros, Pepé Delgado and Ñico Cevedo, produced a long parade of hit records.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0FXV/is_9_11/ai_80902497 (1417 words)

	The Roots of Tejano and Conjunto Music
		The roots of Tejano and Conjunto music are as widespread and diverse, and run as deep, as the traditions, cultures and people which gave them life.
		The main root is the music of Mexico with all its regional and class variations, its extraordinary range of songs and dances, and its social and religious musics ranging from the solo voice to the powerful sound of the bandas from Sinaloa to the highly stylized format of today's mariachis.
		By 1950 Tejano and Conjunto music had become a substantial business for record producers, jukebox operators, composers, nightclub, ballroom, and bar owners, as well as the singers and musicians who comprised the orchestras and conjuntos.
	www.lib.utexas.edu /benson/border/arhoolie2/raices.html (2584 words)

	Mexican conjunto jarocho
		The word jarocho (ha-ROH-choh) refers to the type of music that the group plays, so conjunto jarocho means "an ensemble that plays jarocho music." Son (sohn) simply indicates that the music is rural or folk music.
		Conjunto jarocho music originated with the rural people of the Jarocho region of Mexico, which includes the port of Veracruz and goes all the way down to Tehuantepec.
		Some of the music is purely instrumental, but when there is singing, the members of the conjunto jarocho play their instruments and sing at the same time.
	www.sbgmusic.com /html/teacher/reference/cultures/mexicancj.html (242 words)

	Narciso Martínez "Father of the Texas-Mexican Conjunto"
		Not only did Narciso establish the conjunto accordion sound, but he was also one of the first to accompany singers on commercial records when he became the house accordionist for the newly established IDEAL label of San Benito, Texas in 1946.
		The main reasons for this disrespect are that conjunto accordion music has been associated primarily with lower-class country folks and with the poorer urban working classes; also, the diatonic two-row accordion simply cannot play the range of keys, notes and melodies that a fiddler or an orchestra is capable of.
		The extraordinary popularity which conjunto and Norteño Music have achieved cannot be ascribed solely to the accordionists but is the result of the blending of the best rural voices with the accordion conjunto.
	www.lib.utexas.edu /benson/border/arhoolie2/narciso.html (2369 words)

	About Conjunto Aztlan
		The Conjunto was born of the Xicano Movement in Austin, Texas, in 1977.
		Through the years, the group has attracted a large number of talented musicians and songwriters who have performed with the conjunto in places as diverse as a Brown Beret political rally in Austin and a gathering of East Coast Chicano law students at Harvard.
		It is also non-traditional; many of the song lyrics differ in theme from those of the usual conjunto, and their repetoire includes indigenous rhythms, salsa, oldies, rockabilly and reggae-cajun-zydeco.
	aztlan.tripod.com /notas.htm (376 words)

	Conjunto - Chicago Latin Jazz Ensemble (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		As well as being a part of the Conjunto line-up, he also performs with Latin Pianist Samuel del Real, is a member of Cuartisimo, and works with Street Sounds Chicago poet David Hernandez.
		James Sanders to be added to Conjunto's e-mail notifications of upcoming events.
		Conjunto at the Jacaranda, 3608 W. 26th Street - 773-521-0095.
	www.chicagoviolinist.com /conjunto.shtml (598 words)

	CONJUNTO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Conjunto, like American country music, possesses rural roots and deals with traditional subjects such as drinking, cheating, lying, etc. The most notable feature of the style is its danceable 2/4 polka beat.
		His legacy included establishing the use of drums in the conjunto ensemble, amplifying the bajo sexto, and introducing the electric bass.
		A newer, urban-based offshoot of conjunto, the genre incorporates instruments identified with rock such as electric guitars and synthesizers.
	www.shsu.edu /~lis_fwh/book/other_notable_genres/Conjunto2.htm (396 words)

	conjunto (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Grounded in the traditional style of conjunto music, Longoria is responsible for several innovations in conjunto music and was once declared by former President Ronald Reagan as a "national treasure" in terms of the contribution he has made to the art.
		His mechanical aptitude led him to alter his accordion to produce unique sounds, such as the "sonido ronco," or "hoarse" sound by tuning the sound-producing reeds to play an octave lower, as the principal note was played.
		His career as a conjunto performer had its initial start at age 8 when he was paid $3 to perform at a wedding with a traditional group of accordion, guitar and drum.
	www.tamuk.edu /news/archive/arch96/september/conjunto.html (380 words)

	VFest: Border. Tex-Mex conjunto
		Beginning in the 1930s, an innovative surge rippled through the emerging conjunto tradition, as performers like Narciso Martínez (known as "the father" of the modern conjunto), Santiago Jiménez, Lolo Cavazos, and others began to strike out in new stylistic directions.
		Among the most notable is Tony de la Rosa, who established the most ideal conjunto sound in the mid-fifties -- a slowed-down polka style, delivered in a highly staccato technique that was the logical culmination of Narciso Martínez's emphasis on the treble end of the accordion.
		As it spreads its base in the United States, norteño conjunto music, especially as synthesized by Los Bravos del Norte and its successors (e.g., Los Tigres del Norte), continues to articulate a Mexican working-class ethos.
	www.folklife.si.edu /frontera/pena.htm (1707 words)

	PBS: Accordion Dreams - Pioneers And Innovators
		Ushering in a new era, Paulino was the exception among conjunto musicians in his use of the expensive and large chromatic accordion.
		He is credited with many innovations within the genre including being one of the first musicians to perform standing up with straps on, as well as incorporating singing with his music where previously it had all been instrumental.
		With Carmen Marroquín and her sister Laura as his topsellers, Armando Marroquín is said to be the first Mexican American to produce a conjunto record in the U.S. The Marroquíns founded Ideal Record Company in Alice, Texas in 1946 and an industry was born.
	www.pbs.org /accordiondreams/pioneers/index_alt.html (1571 words)

	STCA - Conjunto Chronology
		Conjunto Regional is dissappearing on the air waves but not on the dance hall scene.
		Conjunto regional is no longer on the air waves but it's still alive...
		The South Texas Conjunto Association is Born in Mercedes, Texas at the KC Hall, March 1998
	www.angelfire.com /tx/STCA/chronology.html (311 words)

	Tejano-Conjunto Music Festival, San Antonio, TX, USA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Tejeda, himself a conjunto accordionist, disturbed by community hostility toward the conjunto organized the first event in 1982, with free admission and 17 traditional conjunto bands playing over three days.
		Conjunto, meaning literally "group" or "ensemble," may be as old and as folk-rooted as early blues or country music, but it resonates today because of its timeless and earthy sound.
		Another important element of the Festival is the Conjunto Music Hall of Fame, which annually inducts notables in the field and honors their contributions.
	www.2camels.com /destination14.php3 (984 words)

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