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	Realization and Analysis of Conlon Nancarrow's Study No. 37 for Player Piano
		Conlon Nancarrow (1912 - 1997) was one of the most original composers of the twentieth century, devoting most of his composing to a series of dazzling Studies for player piano.
		Nancarrow wrote most of his works for a single reproducing piano, so in addition to the realizations of his canons being monotimbral, they were also sounded from a single, fixed position.
		Nancarrow used strips of paper scaled to different tempi in order to locate the position of holes to be punched on his player piano rolls, which were then done one at a time, using a device he had built in order to allow for temporal experimentation.
	www.willshare.com /willeyrk/creative/papers/study37 (4019 words)

	Conlon Nancarrow and the Pianola (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Conlon Nancarrow (right) with Rex Lawson, during a performance of one of his studies on BBC Television.
		Conlon Nancarrow, born in 1912, was one of the twentieth-century's most unusual composers.
		Nancarrow's early musical works were conventionally scored, for piano, or for small instrumental groups, but in 1949 the composer John Cage found him some player pianos in New York City, and from then on he devoted all his compositional skills to writing ever more intricate studies for music roll.
	www.pianola.org /pages/history/nancarrow.html (233 words)

	Learn more about Conlon Nancarrow in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		He found the answer in the player piano, with its ability to produce extremely complex rhythmic patterns at a speed far beyond the abilities of humans.
		Nancarrow has said that if electronic resources were available to him at this time, he would have probably written music for them, but they were not.
		Having spent most of his life in obscurity, Nancarrow became better known in the 1980s, and was lauded as one of the most significant composers of the century.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /c/co/conlon_nancarrow.html (831 words)

	Conlon Nancarrow
		Conlon Nancarrow, (1912-1997) was born in Texarkana, studied composition from an early age, (with Slonimsky, Sessions, and Piston privately in Boston) and played jazz trumpet in local bar bands.
		Nancarrow's political leanings gradually attracted the interest of the state, and he was refused a passport upon application in 1940.
		Nancarrow's early pieces are affective, even rather touching ('2' and '6' are astonishingly beautiful pieces of music, with hints of, dare I say it, sentimentality).
	www.furious.com /perfect/conlonnancarrow.html (1856 words)

	Visionary American composer Conlon Nancarrow dies at 84 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Conlon Nancarrow, an expatriate American composer whose frustrations with the limitations of live performance technique led him to compose almost exclusively for mechanical player pianos, and who was widely regarded as one of the few truly visionary composers of the century, has died.
		Nancarrow, who was a jazz trumpeter before he turned his attention to formal composition, was fascinated throughout his life by the complex relationships that resulted when competing rhythms were set against each other.
		One also hears in Nancarrow's music a current of dry wit, and as performers have tackled transcriptions of his Studies -- usually in transcriptions for two pianos -- several have pointed up that element, as well as a warmth that does not come through in Nancarrow's recordings of his mechanical pianos.
	www.chron.com /content/chronicle/features/97/08/14/nancarrow-obit.0-0.html (324 words)

	Conlon Nancarrow
		Born in Texarkana, Arkansas in 1912, Nancarrow was active in his early years as a trumpeter, playing jazz and other types of popular music.
		In 1937 Nancarrow enlisted in the Abraham Lincoln Brigade to fight against Franco in the Spanish Civil War.
		Nancarrow was a dedicated socialist, which made him politically unacceptable in the United States.
	www.otherminds.org /shtml/Nancarrow.shtml (348 words)

	MPR: Conlon Nancarrow: Otherworldly Compositions for Player Piano
		Nancarrow was to struggle with his desire to liberate his music from dependence on performers for years to come.
		Nancarrow's original piano rolls were purchased by the Paul Sacher Foundation, although Kyle Gann says this was not Nancarrow's original plan for his creations.
		Conlon Nancarrow died in his Mexico City home in August 1997 at age 84 - and given the isolated life he led, it's not surprising that many people don't know his name.
	news.minnesota.publicradio.org /features/199710/29_bakera_nancarrow/script.shtml (1115 words)

	Rex Lawson - Conlon Nancarrow
		Conlon Nancarrow was born in Texarkana, Arkansas, in 1912, into a prosperous family which enjoyed music in an amateur way, and which helped him to study at Cincinnati Conservatory and later privately in Boston, with Roger Sessions, Walter Piston, Nicolas Slonimsky and even Arthur Fiedler.
		Nancarrow's politics were of the left, and he fought on the Republican side in the Spanish Civil War, as part of the so-called Lincoln Brigade.
		It was clearly the memory of a lifetime to stand in Nancarrow's studio and marvel at the sounds emanating at high volume from the nearby upright piano, no doubt accompanied by a gleeful expression on the face of the composer.
	www.rexlawson.com /nancarrow.html (2585 words)

	Kyle Gann explores the musical world of Conlon Nancarrow
		Conlon Nancarrow had a reputation as one of the worst interviewees in the history of music.
		Conlon's wife Yoko used to tell me that she would ask him what she should do with all his player piano rolls and scores when he died.
		Nancarrow wrote his phenomenal series of about 51 Player Piano Studies between 1948 and 1993, at first inspired by the jazz pianism of Earl "Fatha" Hines and Art Tatum.
	www.americancomposers.org /gann_nancarrow.htm (1477 words)

	Composer Kurt Mortensen: Homenaje a Nancarrow
		Conlon Nancarrow (1912-1997) was a fascinating figure in 20th-century music, spending the majority of his life writing music for the player piano.
		Nancarrow was interested in using the instrument to realize music that was otherwise impossible to perform.
		As a young man in 1937, the American-born composer Conlon Nancarrow went to Spain to fight with the Abraham Lincoln Brigade against the fascist Franco Government.
	www.kurtmortensen.org /pn-nancarrow.html (554 words)

	Cantaloupe Music: Cranial Pavement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Icebreaker’s brand new studio recording could be titled “On the Heels of Nancarrow,” and features compositions by a new generation of European composers who are making waves in the UK and on the Continent for their visceral new music.
		Conlon Nancarrow was born on 27 October 1912 in Texarkana, Arkansas.
		Nancarrow worked mostly in obscurity until the publication of an LP record of some of his studies for player-piano.
	www.cantaloupemusic.com /CA21024.html (1833 words)

	goatboy and the music machines
		Nancarrow, living in exile near Mexico City, spent over forty years painstakingly composing a series of "Studies" for player pianos.
		Nancarrow was born October 27, 1912 in Texarkana, Arkansas, and studied music in Cincinnati and Boston with Walter Piston, Nicolas Slonimsky, and Roger Sessions.
		Below are two brief Real Audio excerpts of Nancarrow compositions, taken from the album "Complete Studies for Player Piano; The Music of Conlon Nancarrow - Volume 1" (1750 Arch Records S-1768, released in 1977).
	www.coolcatdaddy.com /gt-supp-nancarrow.htm (251 words)

	Gordon Winiemko/"Conlon Nancarrow Project"
		Conlon Nancarrow has been hailed as one of the most important American composers of the 20th century.
		That such obscurity has dogged Nancarrow can be attributed in no small part to the composer's music itself – unprecedented constructions of multiple meters and tempos that are extremely difficult or even impossible for musicians to play.
		Rather than compromise his exploration of the limits of rhythmic complexity, Nancarrow, beginning in the late 1940's and continuing for 35 years, chose to "compose" exclusively for that jukebox of a bygone era, the player piano.
	www.illegal-art.com /conlon (717 words)

	October 19, 2000-Vol32n9: Piano duo to pay homage to Nancarrow
		Conlon Nancarrow, who devoted more than 40 years of his life to composing music for the player piano, will be the subject of a special concert and photo exhibit sponsored by the Department of Music.
		"Nancarrow is a very important musical figure of the second half of the 20th century-both extremely original and influential," Bugallo says.
		Nancarrow was one of the first composers writing specifically for the player piano, which became popular during the 1920s, she says.
	www.buffalo.edu /reporter/vol32/vol32n9/n1.html (388 words)

	Conlon Nancarrow (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Nancarrow at his pleasant home in a residential section of the city.
		This is a nice photo of Nancarrow at his piano roll hole punching machine with James Greeson (me) behind him.
		Nancarrow Interview - the text and some photos of an interview conducted in 1984.
	comp.uark.edu /~jgreeson/Nancarrow_fldr/NancarrowPage.html (328 words)

	Conlon Nancarrow - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Still more recently, Nancarrow's entire output for player piano has been recorded and released on the label.
		Opening of the Study 3a (Vorbis format, 20 seconds, 92KB) - one of the first piano rolls that Nancarrow made, clearly showing the boogie-woogie influence of his early work
		Ending of the Study 40b (Vorbis format, 16 seconds, 74KB) - this later piece demonstrates Nancarrow's mature, abstract style, with copious use of glissandi.
	www.millville.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Conlon_Nancarrow (1316 words)

	CDeMUSIC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A long awaited collection, Conlon Nancarrow's 'Studies for Player Piano' is amazing music, often suggestive of jazz or blues, full of energy, joy, and polyrhythmic complexity.
		Nancarrow is without question one of the most important experimental composers of the 20th century.
		Conlon Nancarrow, always original and fascinating, is interviewed by Charles Amirkhanian.
	www.cdemusic.org /store/cde_search.cfm?keywords=20thoriginals (1021 words)

	Conlon Nancarrow - CompositionToday.com
		For all the modern world’s obsession with technology, Conlon Nancarrow remains the only classical composer to have established a lasting reputation on the basis of music written almost entirely for a machine.
		Born in 1912 to a respectable family of Arkansas worthies, Nancarrow spent a wayward youth learning trumpet, developing a passion for jazz and determining to become a musician.
		In Boston, Nancarrow also joined the Communist Party, and in 1937 went to Spain, fighting for two years in the Civil War as a foot soldier with the Republican forces.
	www.compositiontoday.com /articles/nancarrow.asp (480 words)

	Classical Net Review - Nancarrow/Antheil - Piano Works
		The connection between Conlon Nancarrow (1912-1997) and George Antheil (1900-1959) was not immediately obvious to me, but pianist Herbert Henck's booklet notes tease it out: it's the player piano.
		Nancarrow's fame rests almost exclusively, of course, on his volumes of studies for that instrument.
		Nancarrow's works for player piano have overshadowed the rest of his output, so it is good that Henck has included three brief works on this CD.
	www.classical.net /music/recs/reviews/e/ecm65829a.html (496 words)

	Nancarrow
		Conlon Nancarrow, along with Cage, Cowell, Ives, Partch, and Ruggles, one of the more important of 20th century America's experimental composers, was born in 1912, in Texarkana, Arkansas, the son of the town's mayor.
		While in Boston, Nancarrow became a political activist and joined the Abraham Lincoln Brigade, which fought with Republican Loyalists in Spain against Franco's fascist government.
		The unique characteristic of most of Nancarrow's compositions is that most of them were notated by perforating player-piano rolls to mark the notes and rhythms and can be performed only by activating such piano rolls.
	www.libraries.uc.edu /libraries/ccm/special_collections/Nancarrow.html (376 words)

	PROGRAM February 20, CAL Performances (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Conlon Nancarrow was born in Texarkana, Arkansas in 1912 and died in Mexico City in 1997.
		Nancarrow’s socialist beliefs and his involvement in the war caused the US government to deny him a new passport shortly after his return.
		Many salient traits of Nancarrow’s mechanical music, in particular his rhythmic language, were strongly influenced by jazz as well as African and Indian musical traditions.
	music.ucdavis.edu /events/releases/05-02-bwilliams.html (773 words)

	MMD Archives: Conlon Nancarrow Biography Published
		In 1988 only one of Nancarrow's two player pianos was in working condition, and finally this player piano broke down too and he couldn't work without an instrument.
		Nancarrow often was asked for the scores of his Septet, and he always answered, "I threw them away because I was so angry about the bad first performance in New York in 1940." I found in his studio, between old newspapers a score for seven instruments.
		In the last years I organised many Nancarrow concerts all over Europe with the Boesendorfer Ampico grand (it's smaller then a concert grand, built in 1925), and I believe Nancarrow is very well known here.
	mmd.foxtail.com /Archives/Digests/200212/2002.12.18.05.html (662 words)

	The Pianola Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Conlon Nancarrow was never a piano player, well not what we would normally think of as a piano player.
		In 1940, Nancarrow decamped to Mexico which was more civilized about left wing opinions, and he's been there ever since, living in a quiet suburb of Mexico City, doggedly working away, day after day, punching holes in hia player piano rolls.
		NANCARROW: Oh I'm sure Mexico has some - well, it had an effect on me which should have an effect on the music in one way or another.
	www.pianola.org /pages/journal/journal3.html (938 words)

	Slought Foundation: "Unplayable Music: Nancarrow for 4 Hands" with Fisher, Berman, et al.
		Conlon Nancarrow (1912 — 1997) was reputedly frustrated by the limitations of human performers, specifically by their inability to handle complex rhythms.
		Recognized worldwide as one of the most innovative composers of the 20th century, Conlon Nancarrow began composing exclusively for the player piano in the late 1940s.
		Nancarrow’s piano works span several volumes of studies (published by Frog Peak Music and Schott Musik International) and are influenced by blues, jazz, and mathematical proportion studies.
	slought.org /content/11185 (852 words)

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