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Topic: Connate fluids

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Sedimentary rock

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	Wireline formation test tool with jet perforator for positively establishing fluidic communication with subsurface ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Generally, the fluid pressure in the formation at the wall of the wellbore is monitored until equilibrium pressure is reached, and the data is recorded at the surface on analog or digital scales, or both.
		The fluid in chamber 35, between the two plates 31.sub.1, 34.sub.1, is maintained at a pressure approximately equal to the hydrostatic pressure of the wellbore fluid, or mud, at the depth of the tool 10.
		Connate fluid from the subsurface formation fills the tubular entry portion 42.sub.1 of the sample chamber 43, displacing the volume vacated by the withdrawing plunger 42, actuated by flow of hydraulic fluid into the separated rearward chamber thereof via line 46.
	www.freepatentsonline.com:9003 /5056595.html (4318 words)

	Connate fluids -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The term connate fluids in the context of (A science that deals with the history of the earth as recorded in rocks) geology, and of (additional info and facts about sedimentology) sedimentology in particular, refers to the liquids that fill the pore-space of (Rock formed from consolidated clay sediments) sedimentary rocks.
		If the escape route for these fluids is blocked, the pore fluid (The force applied to a unit area of surface; measured in pascals (SI unit) or in dynes (cgs unit)) pressure can build up, leading to (A transient air pressure greater than the surrounding atmospheric pressure) overpressure.
		Minute bubbles of fluid are often trapped within the (A crystalline element used as a component in various electronic devices) crystals of the cementing material.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/co/connate_fluids.htm (355 words)

	Methods of fracturing subterranean formations - US Patent 6412561 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The fluid contains micelles, the micelles having a structure that contributes to the increased viscosity of the fluid, further wherein the wormlike micelles are capable of selectively forming, changing structure or disbanding depending upon the polarity of the surrounding fluid in the formation.
		The fluid is pumped, for example, into a relatively low permeability formation at a pressure sufficient to fracture the formation, the relatively low permeability formation having a fracture face engaged by the fluid during pumping.
		The viscosity of fluid within at least one aqueous zone of the subterranean formation is maintained by presence of wormlike micelles in that zone of the formation, and viscosity of the fluid within at least one hydrocarbon-bearing zone is depleted by the disbanding or structural change of the micelles.
	www.patentstorm.us /patents/6412561.html (9805 words)

	Sedimentary rock - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sedimentary rocks are formed from overburden pressure as particles of sediment are deposited out of air, ice, or water flows carrying the particles in suspension.
		As sediment deposition builds up, the overburden (or lithostatic) pressure squeezes the sediment into layered solids in a process known as lithification ("rock formation") and the original connate fluids are expelled.
		The term diagenesis is used to describe all the chemical, physical, and biological changes undergone by a sediment after its initial deposition and during and after its lithification, exclusive of surface alteration (weathering).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sedimentary (1051 words)

	Noble Gas Isotope Geochemistry: Earthquake Processes
		Crustal fluids, connate or meteoric, may be drawn into the fault zone in response to fault rupture and become trapped by mineral reactions; the high fluid pressures required to weaken the fault are reestablished by compaction of the sealed fault-zone materials.
		In an alternative model, fault-weakening fluid pressures are generated by a high flux of deep crustal or mantle fluids that are continually supplied to the seismogenic zone from the ductile lower crust at super-hydrostatic pressure.
		Noble gas, carbon and oxygen isotope compositions provide evidence for the involvement of mantle-derived fluids in faulting and that the mantle helium is accompanied by deep crustal or metamorphic water and CO Some or all of the CO may be of deep crustal origin.
	www-esd.lbl.gov /CIG/noblegas/earthquake.html (778 words)

	Earth formation sampling and testing method and apparatus with improved filter means - Patent 4951749
		(4) filter means disposed in the path of said connate fluid between said borehole wall and said chamber, wherein, said filter means is made of a porous material including particles of predetermined sizes bound together so as to form a rigid porous member.
		The fluid from the formations is thus allowed to flow through the slots 451 of screen 450 and through the filter 80 provided concentrically on the external wall of screen 450.
		The fluid, after having passed the filter 80, cannot go further radially because of the tubular part 521; thus, the fluid flows back to the rear half of chamber 55, and successively through conduit 605, hollow rod 601, tube 701, pipe 750, and finally to the sample-chamber 21 (or 22).
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4951749.html (5004 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, The Role of Fluids in Crustal Processes (1990)
		Conse- quently, if aqueous fluids derived from the Earth's surface interact with igneous or metamorphic rocks at elevated 96 Examples from the temperatures where the equilibrium isotopic fractionations are small, this results in a change in the rock oxygen (and hydrogen) isotopic composition toward that of the water.
		The origin of the infiltrating marine fluid (whether derived from connate formation waters or directly from the surface) is critically related to the regional Hercynian thermal structure.
		A scenario for fluid flow in the Pyrenees is depicted in Figure 6.12; this shows a surface water flux penetrating to depths of 10 to 12 km in cool areas, adjacent to a localized thermal anomaly such as would have generated the meta- morphic sequences in the Pyrenees.
	www.nap.edu /books/030904037X/html/96.html (9519 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Fluid inclusions from many present and past geothermal systems have N2/Ar ratios about that of air saturated water (ASW), but exhibit concentrations of N2 and Ar as high as 3 orders of magnitude above the amount in ASW.
		High concentrations of N2 and Ar at ASW ratios are difficult to explain, but because it is commonly measured must be the consequence of a common geothermal process.
		In any event, fluids with elevated CH4, N2, and Ar concentrations represent a different fluid history than fluids that are CO2 dominated with concentrations of N2 and As near that of ASW.
	ekofisk.stanford.edu /geoth/workshop24/norman.html (491 words)

	INORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY
		Thirty-five of the IW samples were used for shipboard analyses; the balance of samples from the upper 60 mbsf of the hole were archived for shore-based analyses, with one exception.
		Together with the previous observations that the low-Cl fluids are found below the calculated base of the gas hydrate stability zone, the lack of methane suggests that neither gas hydrate dissociation nor a methanogenic by-product universally explains the regional extent of low-Cl pore fluids.
		The other possible hypotheses to describe low-Cl pore fluids include (1) dehydration reactions of hydrous minerals, such as clays and biogenic opal; (2) clay-membrane ion filtration; and perhaps (3) connate fluids.
	www-odp.tamu.edu /publications/189_IR/chap_07/c7_9.htm (1276 words)

	SHARES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Again, the type of metals present in each of the deposits depends upon the distribution and composition of leach-able rocks at depth.
		Transport: The fluids that transported the metals are connate fluids.
		As the oxidizing fluids infiltrated these reducing host rocks, metal sulfides precipitated and replaced pre-existing minerals.
	www.mandalayresources.com /copper.html (706 words)

	Porosity: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Porosity
		The porosity of a rock, or sedimentary layer, is an important consideration when attempting to evaluate the potential volume of hydrocarbons it may contain.
		Sedimentary porosities are a complex function of many factors, including but not limited to: rate of burial, depth of burial, the nature of the connate fluids, the nature of overlying sediments (which may impede fluid expulsion).
		One commonly used relationship between porosity and depth is given by the Athy[?] (1930) equation:
	www.encyclopedian.com /po/Porosity.html (179 words)

	Connate fluids - TheBestLinks.com - Geology, Hydrocarbon, Minerals, Pressure, ...
		Connate fluids - TheBestLinks.com - Geology, Hydrocarbon, Minerals, Pressure,...
		Connate fluids, Geology, Hydrocarbon, Minerals, Pressure, Solution, Water...
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	www.thebestlinks.com /Connate_fluids.html (206 words)

	Middle East Open Encyclopedia: Porosity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Vuggy porosity is secondary porosity generated by dissolution of large features (such as macrofossils) in carbonate rocks leaving large holes, vugs, or even caves.
		Effective porosity (also called open porosity) refers to the fraction of the total volume in which fluid flow is effectively taking place (this excludes dead-end pores or non-connected cavities).
		Dual porosity refers to the conceptual idea that there are two overlapping reservoirs which interact.
	www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref/index.php?title=Porosity (1310 words)

	FLUIDS - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "FLUIDS" is defined.
		fluids : Dictionary of Cancer Terms [home, info]
		Phrases that include FLUIDS: body fluids, transcellular fluids, body fluids in art, connate fluids, daily requirement fluids, more...
	www.onelook.com /cgi-bin/cgiwrap/bware/dofindf.cgi?word=FLUIDS (95 words)

	(WO 00/10036) A METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DIFFERENTIATING OIL BASED MUD FILTRATE FROM CONNATE OIL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		(57) A method and apparatus for processing nuclear magnetic resonance information (76) to differentiate between oil based mud filtrate (OBM), and connate oils, during subsurface exploration.
		An NMR experiment is performed on a sample (70) of formation fluid, and the resulting data is processed to differentiate the relaxation parameters (80) characteristic of OBMs and those characteristic of connate oils.
		A simple arithmetic difference (84) between relaxation times calculated for successive samples may be followed by a distribution analysis performed in either the time domain or relaxation spectrum domain (86, 94).
	wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=00/10036.000224&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (190 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		Energy Citations Database (ECD) Document #5964121 - Fluid design for well stimulation applications
		Availability information may be found in the Availability, Publisher, Research Organization, Resource Relation and/or Author (affiliation information) fields and/or via the "Full-text Availability" link.
		For a journal article, please see the Resource Relation field.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=5964121 (73 words)

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