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Topic: Connecticut Compromise

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1787

	World Almanac for Kids
		CONNECTICUT, southernmost of the New England states of the U.S., bounded on the N by Massachusetts, on the E by Rhode Island, on the S by Long Island Sound, and on the W by New York State.
		The principal mammals of Connecticut are deer, rabbit, squirrel, fox, chipmunk, otter, and woodchuck.
		Connecticut's mining industry has declined sharply since colonial times, when it was active in the production of iron ore. In the early 2000s most of the mineral production in the state consisted of stone, sand, and gravel, all of which were used locally as building materials.
	www.worldalmanacforkids.com /explore/states/connecticut.html (3993 words)

	81.ch.01: Connecticut in the Constitutional Convention
		Connecticut merchants yearned for reforms concerning commercial issues and the national debt, but many Connecticut people feared loss of control over their own affairs if the central government was strengthened.
		Connecticut’s economic situation, moreover, favored a prohibition on export taxes, as the state engaged in an extensive exportation of agricultural produce and livestock to the West Indies.
		Through compromise they had come to surmount many obstacles such as the issue of representation in the new legislative body, the nature and powers of the executive, the structure of the judiciary, the status of fl Americans (at least for the time being), and questions concerning the commerce power.
	www.yale.edu /ynhti/curriculum/units/1981/cthistory/81.ch.01.x.html (7108 words)

	Connecticut History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Perhaps Connecticut’s greatest contribution to the war was the fact that it furnished many supplies to the Continental Army.
		Connecticut became the fifth state to ratify the Constitution and to become a state in the United States of America.
		This meeting of Federalist leaders from Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont, secretly adopted seven proposed amendments to the Federal Constitution that were later accused of being treasonous.
	www.kids.state.ct.us /history.htm (2057 words)

	Roger Sherman and The Connecticut Compromise
		The compromise provided for representation in the House of Representatives according to population and in the Senate by equal numbers for each state.
		Sherman’s compromise was adopted on July 16, 1787 by a vote of five states to four, and served not only to save the crumbling convention, but provided stimulus to resolve other issues yet to be decided.
		He died while still a Senator in 1793, and is buried in the Grove Street Cemetery in New Haven, Connecticut.
	www.jud.state.ct.us /lawlib/History/Sherman.htm (211 words)

	The Society of Colonial Wars in the State of Connecticut - Epilogue
		He served 10 years, 1786-96, as lieutenant governor of Connecticut and then was elected governor, serving in that office from 1796 until his death in 1797 at the age of 72.
		The selectmen in many of the towns of Connecticut volunteered their services, to obtain articles for the necessary outfit of new recruits, for the maintenance of the families of indigent soldiers, and to furnish supplies even for the army itself.
		Because of his efforts, Connecticut was refereed to as the "Provisions State" and its governor was referred to as "Brother Jonathan" by General Washington because of his passionate ability to raise supplies for the needy Continental Army.
	www.colonialwarsct.org /1776.htm (2967 words)

	Connecticut's Heritage Gateway
		For an account of the Constitutional Convention that highlights Connecticut's role, turn to the nineteenth-century work by George Bancroft that dominated interpretation of the framing of the Constitution for a generation, History of the Formation of the Constitution of the United States of America (New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1882), 2 vols.
		Unfortunately, too, his argument for Connecticut predominance was shattered by the discovery that a principal piece of his evidence--a supposed Roger Sherman document--was not what he had thought it was.
		Perhaps the best approach to this aspect of Connecticut history, after relevant chapters in recent general works and in comprehensive histories of Connecticut, is through biography.
	www.ctheritage.org /biography/colonytostate/ctconstconv.htm (502 words)

	The Great Compromise
		A compromise was reached yesterday (June 29th, 1787) in Philadelphia combining the New Jersey Plan and the Virginia Plan.
		Many believe that the compromise that has been reached is a major progression towards the unification of the States under a Federal System and has solved the problem of state representation.
		The Compromise was submitted to the constitutional convention to break the deadlock created by the New Jersey Plan and The Virginia Plan.
	www.cyberlearning-world.com /nhhs/amrev/begin.htm (637 words)

	Area Overview - Norwich Bulletin - www.norwichbulletin.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Connecticut was the war's leading supplier of meat, small munitions and cannon and was known as "The Provisions State." These supplies rescued Washington's troops from starvation at both Valley Forge and Morristown, Pa. Generals Washington, Lafayette, Knox, Putnam and Rochambeau conferred to direct the war effort with Trumbull in Lebanon.
		At the Constitutional Convention held after the war, local delegates succeeded in installing the Connecticut Compromise, which established equal representation between small and large states in the Senate, and representation based on population in the House of Representatives.
		The Great Depression of the 1930s took its toll on Connecticut, but the state again grew through the post-World War II economy, where 56 percent of the population was employed in factories.
	www.norwichbulletin.com /communities/overview/history.html (1382 words)

	Mural story
		The new painting, by Westport native Bradley Stevens, is a mural of former Connecticut Senators Roger Sherman and Oliver Ellsworth, the authors of the 1787 “Connecticut Compromise,” also known as the “Great Compromise,” which helped establish the two houses of Congress.
		When the Constitutional Convention deadlocked over the issue of the size of each state’s delegation, then-Superior Court judge Roger Sherman proposed that the number of representatives in the lower house be elected in proportion to each state’s population, while the upper house would have two legislators from each state.
		Oliver Ellsworth, who was in the Connecticut delegation to the convention, co-authored the compromise, but did not sign the document because he left the convention early to attend to business in Connecticut.
	www.bu.edu /washjocenter/newswire_pg/fall2006/conn/Muralstory.htm (525 words)

	Hog River Journal
		The Connecticut Compromise (providing for proportionate representation in the House of Representatives and equal representation in the Senate) broke the logjam that had stalled acceptance of the Constitution during the 1787 convention.
		Connecticut put limits on the authority of the governor, and modestly expanded the franchise.
		For generations of Connecticut residents, however, the belief that the Fundamental Orders (or at least the Connecticut compromise) made ours the Constitution State remains rooted in our psyches, and our culture.
	www.hogriver.org /issues/v03n02/creative_license.htm (752 words)

	National Park Service - Signers of the Constitution (Introduction)
		It consisted of Gerry of Massachusetts, Sherman of Connecticut (sitting in for Ellsworth), Yates of New York, Paterson of New Jersey, Franklin of Pennsylvania, Bedford of Delaware, Luther Martin of Maryland, Mason of Virginia, Davie of North Carolina, Rutledge of South Carolina, and Baldwin of Georgia.
		The Great Compromise, by correlating representation with population in the lower house and providing for equality by State in the upper, confirmed the existence of the States and gave Congress both federal and national attributes.
		On the whole, the compromise was a victory for the small States, though on other matters their delegates tended to follow the Virginia Plan, which provided for a strong central government.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/constitution/introd.htm (3713 words)

	Connecticut's Heritage Gateway
		In the late nineteenth century the historical popularizer and Connecticut native son John Fiske wrote that the Fundamental Orders were "the First written constitution known to history, that created a government and it [sic] marked the beginnings of American democracy....
		Fiske's contention that the U.S. Constitution was modeled on a Connecticut confederation with a bicameral legislature which manifested the federal principle is pure nonsense.
		Nevertheless, the ill-informed Johnston contended that in the context of the Federal Constitutional Convention of 1787, Connecticut's "combination of commonwealth and town rights had worked so simply and naturally that her delegates were quite prepared to suggest a similar combination of national and state rights as the foundation of the new government...
	www.ctheritage.org /biography/colonialperiod/fundorders.htm (908 words)

	House of Representatives - Demopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		After months of deadlocked debate, the delegates finally agreed on a compromise, known as the Great Compromise (also called the "Connecticut Compromise") and submitted by Roger Sherman of Connecticut.
		The Great Compromise was approved, but another conflict arose concerning representation in the House.
		The Three-Fifths Compromise, proposed by James Madison, was approved on July 12, 1787.
	demopedia.democraticunderground.com /index.php/House_of_Representatives (395 words)

	3/25/96: Notice of Intent To Compromise Two Audit Claims Against Connecticut State Board of Education [OGC, OCFO]
		The Department proposes to compromise the amount remaining at issue in Connecticut I ($217,590) for $82,500 and the amount at issue in Connecticut II ($222,956) for $64,260.
		Although Connecticut I and II are being resolved together through one settlement agreement, they involve separate PDLs and claims for purposes of the dollar limitation in 20 U.S.C. 1234a(j)(1) on the Secretary's authority to compromise claims.
		Given the amount that would be repaid by Connecticut under the settlement agreement, the additional documentation submitted during settlement discussions, and the litigation risks and costs of proceeding through the appeal process for both appeals, the Department has determined that it would not be practical or in the public interest to continue these proceedings.
	www.ed.gov /legislation/FedRegister/other/1996-1/032596b.html (719 words)

	Today in History: January 9
		On January 9, 1788, Connecticut ratified the Constitution, becoming the fifth state in the Union.
		Although protective of Connecticut's interests as a small state, the Connecticut delegation remained flexible and lobbied for the "Connecticut Compromise." It created the current legislative framework of an upper house based on equal representation, the Senate, and a lower house based on proportional representation, the House of Representatives.
		Connecticut consumes about one third of the goods upon which this impost is laid, and consequently pays one third of this sum to New York.
	memory.loc.gov /ammem/today/jan09.html (1051 words)

	William Samuel Johnson
		He also held a commission in the Connecticut colonial militia for over 20 years, rising to the rank of colonel, and he served in the lower house of the Connecticut legislature (1761 and 1765) and in the upper house (1766 and 1771-75).
		He served as a legal counsel for Connecticut in its dispute with Pennsylvania over western lands (1779-80) and was nominated by Joseph Reed, president of the College of Philadelphia (later the University of Pennsylvania), to succeed him as head of the college.
		He gave his fullest support to the Connecticut Compromise, which foreshadowed the final Great Compromise that devised a national legislature with a Senate that provided equal representation for all states and a House of Representatives based on population.
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/books/RevWar/ss/johnson.htm (1211 words)

	Oliver Ellsworth Summary
		Born in Windsor, Connecticut, on April 29, 1745, Ellsworth was the second son of Captain David Ellsworth, a prosperous farmer, and Jemima (Levitt) Ellsworth.
		However, the Connecticut delegation was responsible for offering the governmental model known as the "Connecticut compromise" that created a bicameral legislature, in which the small states would have equal representation in the Senate and the House of Representatives would be filled according to state population.
		Whether he was the originator of this compromise is not known, but he was clearly a strong proponent of the newly written constitution.
	www.bookrags.com /Oliver_Ellsworth (2490 words)

	Roger Sherman Summary
		Although he had no formal legal training, he was urged to read for the bar by a local lawyer and was accepted to the Bar of Litchfield, Connecticut in 1754, and chosen to represent New Milford in the Connecticut General Assembly from 1755 to 1758 and from 1760 to 1761.
		He was appointed justice of the peace in 1762, judge of the court of common pleas in 1765, and justice of the Superior Court of Connecticut from 1766 to 1789, when he left to become a member of the United States Congress.
		He was elected to the Continental Congress in 1774 and served very actively throughout the War, earning high esteem in the eyes of his fellow delegates and serving on the Committee of Five that drafted the Declaration of Independence.
	www.bookrags.com /Roger_Sherman (1224 words)

	Constitutional Topic: The Constitutional Convention - The U.S. Constitution Online - USConstitution.net
		Though the United States existed prior to the ratification of the Constitution, it was a nation held together by the tenuous threads of the Articles of Confederation, a sometimes contentious, and often ineffectual national government.
		The men who were at Philadelphia that hot summer hammered out a document that was the result of dozens of compromises and shaped by the failures of the Unites States under the Articles as well as the failures of all well-known European governments of the time.
		August 16, and for the next several days, the enumerated powers were discussed, including one seemingly small detail at the end of the list, which allowed Congress to make all laws deemed "necessary and proper for carrying into execution" the powers listed previously.
	www.usconstitution.net /consttop_ccon.html (5202 words)

	Notable Cutters
		It was not until he had made several speeches in its favor that he gained any attention when a long and bitter debate followed and it was finally referred to a committee of which he was made a member.
		After the adoption of the compromise, he moved the provision that no amendment be made that would deprive any state of its equal vote without its consent.
		He was chosen the first mayor of New Haven in 1784, to prevent a Tory from being chosen, and the legislature then provided that the mayor should hold his office during the pleasure of the general assembly and under this act, Mr.
	members.tripod.com /~ntgen/bw/cutt_ntbl.html (1198 words)

	Connecticut Compromise - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It joined the Virginia Plan, which favored representation based on population, and the New Jersey Plan, which featured each state being equal.
		Roger Sherman, from Connecticut, played a large role in constructing the Compromise.
		It stated that there would be two houses: one in favor of the Virginia Plan, based on the population of the states, and the other in favor is the New Jersey Plan, where all states get an equal vote.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Connecticut_Compromise (234 words)

	U.S. Senate: Art & History Home > Historical Minutes > 1787-1800 > A Great Compromise
		Their so-called Great Compromise (or Connecticut Compromise in honor of its architects, Connecticut delegates Roger Sherman and Oliver Ellsworth) provided a dual system of congressional representation.
		When Sherman proposed the compromise, Benjamin Franklin agreed that each state should have an equal vote in the Senate in all matters—except those involving money.
		On July 16, the convention adopted the Great Compromise by a heart-stopping margin of one vote.
	www.senate.gov /artandhistory/history/minute/A_Great_Compromise.htm (455 words)

	80.ch.02: Connecticut Constitutionalism, 1639-1789
		Connecticut had a full and rich history that allows teachers the opportunity to develop the concept of “constitutionalism” in the broader view of the development of the United States Constitution.
		Saybrook, a fort at the mouth of the Connecticut River, was established by John Winthrop, Jr., son of the Governor of Massachusetts, li 1635.
		In April 1644, Fenwick was elected Connecticut magistrate from Saybrook, as Saybrook was united with the River Colony.
	www.yale.edu /ynhti/curriculum/units/1980/cthistory/80.ch.02.x.html (4192 words)

	FindLaw Constitutional Law Center: Founding Fathers: Connecticut
		During a debate on the Great Compromise, Ellsworth, together with Roger Sherman,proposed a mechanism to resolve the conflict between the smaller and larger states over representation in the legislative branch of the government.
		Johnson espoused the Connecticut Compromise, and chaired the Committee of Style, which shaped the final Constitution.
		Moreover, he was one of theforces, along with Olliver Ellsworth, behind the Connecticut, or Great, Compromise, which broke the deadlock between the large and small states over the issue of representation in the legislative branch.
	supreme.lp.findlaw.com /documents/fathers/connecticut.html (2091 words)

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