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Topic: Conquest of Mecca

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	Mecca - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The caliph Yazid I besieged Mecca in 683 CE.
		Mecca was attacked and sacked by Ismaili Muslims in 930 CE and by Wahhabi Muslims in 1803.
		The importance of Mecca for Muslims is inestimable.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mecca (1311 words)

	Conquest of Mecca - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Badr – Uhud – The Trench – Khaybar – Mut'ah – Mecca – Hunayn – Taif – Tabouk
		Abu Sufyan,leader of the Quraish in Mecca, was aware that the balances were now tilted well in Muhammad's favour, went to Medina to restore the treaty but Muhammad refused to accommodate him and Abu Sufyan returned to Mecca empty handed.An approximately 10,000 strong Muslim army marched towards Mecca which soon surrendered peacefully.
		Muhammad was from Ishmaels progeny and it was he that with "ten thousand saints" conqured Mecca, and Muhammad had a "fiery law for them".The Hebreic word that is translated to "ten thousands" is "r@babah", and it means multitude, myriad or just ten thousand.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Conquest_of_Mecca (798 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Crusades
		After their conquest of the West, the Carolingians endeavoured to improve the condition of the Latins settled in the East; in 762 Pepin the Short entered into negotiations with the Caliph of Bagdad.
		In 1112, with the aid of Norwegians under Sigurd Jorsalafari and the support of Genoese, Pisan, and Venetian fleets, Baldwin I began the conquest of the ports of Syria, which was completed in 1124 by the capture of Tyre.
		The conquest of the Caliphate of Bagdad by the Mongols (1258) and their invasion of Syria, where they seized Aleppo and Damascus, terrified both Christians and Mohammedans; but the Mameluke ameer, Bibars the Arbelester, defeated the Mongols and wrested Syria from them in September, 1260.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/04543c.htm (11618 words)

	Muhammad: Legacy of a Prophet . Life of Muhammad: HTML Timeline \| PBS
		Muhammad was born in the year 570 in the town of Mecca, a mountain town in the high desert plateau of western Arabia.
		Mecca was Arabia's most important pilgrimage center and Abdul Al-Muttalib its most respected leader.
		Mecca prospered too, becoming a well–off trading center in the hands of an elite group of clan leaders who were mostly successful traders.
	www.pbs.org /muhammad/timeline_html.shtml (970 words)

	ARAB WORLD \| The emergence of Islam
		In Mecca, meanwhile, Muhammad was accused of plagiarism, imposture and sorcery.
		With the surrender of Mecca, the town of his birth, in the eighth year after the Hejira (8 AH), and with the defeat shortly afterwards of the last great nomadic tribe which had opposed him, Muhammad became the master of western Arabia.
		The pilgrimage to Mecca, Muhammad's birthplace and the chief religious pole of Islam, evokes an episode in the life of the Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham): the construction of the first temple, now identified with the Kaaba, a 15 metre by 12 metre stone cube, draped in fl brocaded cloth.
	www.imarabe.org /ang/perm/mondearabe/theme/docs/2.html (4802 words)

	Conquest of Mecca (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		He broke his fast until he reached Mecca.' Ibn Abbas used to say, 'Allah's Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) fasted and sometime did not fast while traveling, so one may fast or may not (on journeys).' However, it should be note that the Muslims number was 100.00 men.
		Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said, 'During the year of the Conquest Mecca, Allah's Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) entered Mecca through Kada which was at the upper part of Mecca.
		On the day of the Conquest of Mecca, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) took the pledge of both men and women to testify that there is no god but Allah Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, and to embrace Islam.
	anwary-islam.com /battle/ghazwah_mecca.html (3313 words)

	Hajj
		Most hajjis arrive in Mecca a few days before the hajj proper begins, while some clasp the opportunity to arrive already 3 months ahead, during Ramadan, the month of sawm, considered to be a meritorious deed.
		While it is recommended that the hajjis should robe themselves in the white costume of ihram already at performing the very first rituals, the majority do this when they set out for the plain of Arafat.
		Although it is proper to remain at Mina until the 13, a large number of the hajjis return to Mecca on the 12.
	i-cias.com /e.o/hajj.htm (1039 words)

	The American Thinker
		Parts One and Two of this series examine the problematic aspects of the conquest of Mecca, and their consequences for Muslims’ view of Jerusalem.
		With the kind of divine endorsement claimed by Muhammad, anyone would have to conclude that the Ka‘bah belonged to Muhammad and that he was justified in raiding the Meccan caravans and praying toward a polytheistic shrine.
		Apparently, it is settled by warfare and conquest.
	www.americanthinker.com /articles.php?article_id=3722 (1742 words)

	The Conquest of Mecca and the Final Triumph
		The conquest of Mecca was still the foremost of Muhammad's objectives and the Quraysh, who till now had always taken the fight to him at Medina, knew full well that the Hijrah was the catalyst for an ultimate onslaught on the city.
		From the Conquest to the Death of Muhammad.
		Shortly after the triumph at Mecca the surrounding Bedouin of the Hawazin tribe expressed their alarm at Muhammad's growing influence and launched a major offensive at the valley of Hunain against his army.
	answering-islam.org.uk /Gilchrist/Vol1/1d.html (2175 words)

	Quran (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		And, verily, the conquest of Mecca introduced a new chapter in the history of Islam, because the main center of polytheism was disturbed; idols were destroyed; the hope of the idol worshippers changed into disappointment; and the barriers in the way of people's faith in Islam were removed.
		.That is why the conquest of Mecca should he considered as a stage of the settlement of Islam in Arabia and, then, in the world.
		It was after the conquest of Mecca that no opposition from the pagans was seen (except once, which was quickly controlled) and people from all parts of Arabia came to the holy Prophet (p.b.u.h.) to accept Islam.
	www.irib.ir /worldservice/quran/tafser/278.htm (376 words)

	Conquest of Songhai kingdom. (from Musa) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Mansa Musa, whose empire was one of the largest in the world at that time, is reported to have observed that it would take a year to travel from one end of his empire to the other.
		While this was probably an exaggeration, it is known that during his pilgrimage to Mecca, one of his generals, Sagmandia (Sagaman-dir), extended the empire by capturing the Songhai capital of Gao.
		An effective conquest takes place when physical appropriation of territory (annexation) is followed by “subjugation” (i.e., the legal process of transferring title).
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-5085 (850 words)

	wives4
		Indeed it was not until the conquest of Mecca, when the Prophet generously pardoned him, that Abu Sufyan embraced Islam and began to fight with the Muslims instead of against them.
		The strength of Umm Habiba' s character can be measured by what happened shortly before the conquest of Mecca, when her father, Abu Sufyan, came to Medina after the Quraish had broken the treaty of Hudaybiyya, in order to try and re-negotiate a fresh settlement with the Prophet Muhammad and the Muslims.
		It was only after Abu Sufyan had embraced Islam, after the conquest of Mecca, and had become the enemy of the enemies of Islam, that Umm Habiba accepted and loved him again as her father.
	www.angelfire.com /on/ummiby1/wives4.html (3455 words)

	Pilgrimage to Mecca. (from Musa) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Muhammad, the founder of Islam, was born in Mecca, and it is toward this religious centre that Muslims turn five times daily in prayer.
		Pilgrimage to Mecca is one of the basic tenants of Islam.
		Milan is widely regarded as the mecca of Italian commerce, culture, and fashion.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-5084 (921 words)

	Turabi: Chapter 1: The Verdict of Faith (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		She was the daughter of the Prophet's uncle, Abu Talib, and embraced Islam on the occasion of the conquest of Mecca.
		At the conquest of Mecca Umm Hani asked for the protection of some of her non muslim relatives who had attached the muslims as they entered mecca.The prophet allowed this.
		But to say that she accepted Islam at the conquest of Mecca is misleading and I am sure you will rectify this oversight.
	www.soundvision.com /Info/women/turabi1.asp (2443 words)

	REFERENCES
		His having nine wives at a time, for example, does not constitute Sunnah; but his practice of enslaving the children and wives of vanquished infidels is Sunnah par excellence.
		Again, the bloodless conquest of Mecca is not Sunnah, but the massacre of Banu Kuraizah is.
		Conquest of Khaibar (628 AD) - Surprise attack mounted on a non-Medinese Jewish tribe, which was reduced to the status of the first kharãjguzãrs in Islam.
	www.bharatvani.org /books/jihad/ref.htm (893 words)

	JewishGates.Com - The Definitive Source for Talmudic Learning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Originally, he considered has religion to be Jewish and introduced it to his Jewish neighbors in Mecca.
		He declared that the Jews were unbelievers, and all Jews were exiled from Mecca.
		With both Mecca and Medina holy sites in Arabia, there was obviously a need to provide the province of Damascus with a holy shrine as well, and Jerusalem became that site.
	www.jewishgates.com /file.asp?File_ID=85 (1143 words)

	The Prophet Muhammad.org
		The Sacred Mosque (Masjid al-Haram) is in Mecca, and the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem.
		A short while later, with the Treaty of Hudaybiya and the conquest of Mecca, the believers were able to enter the Sacred Mosque in complete safety, just as the dream had shown.
		In this way, these important conquests, that seemed to be totally impossible at the time of the Prophet (saas) both politically and economically, actually happened, as revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (saas) by Allah.
	www.theprophetmuhammad.org /future.html (3500 words)

	Chronological Timeline
		The Abyssinian governor of Yemen, Abraha, leads an unsuccessful attack on Mecca ('Year of the Elephant'), directed at the authority and economic power of the shrine.
		640-42 Conquest of Persia (640 Khuzistan; 641 decisive battle of Nihavand in the Zagros).
		Continuation of the conquests in north and east Iran and North Africa.
	www.princeton.edu /~batke/itl/chron.html (6732 words)

	First Encyclopaedia Of Islam, E. J. Brill, 1913-1936; Reprinted, 1987 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		After the conquest of Mecca Hubal shared the lot of all other idols and the image was removed from the Ka'ba and destroyed
		Muhammad's control over Mecca and the Meccan cult was first clearly marked at the Hadjdj of the year 9.
		Traditions which emphasise Mecca's importance for the nourishment of the world are hardly represented at all.
	www.bible.ca /islam/library/islam-quotes-brill.htm (4403 words)

	Is Mohammed Really Predicted in Deuteronomy 33:2?
		Abdullah (and generations of Muslim apologists before him) is essentially claiming is that Deuteronomy 33:2 predicts the Muslim conquest of Mecca, with an army conveniently redacted by Muslim historiographers to 10,000 men.
		Mecca is, of course, a city, not a mountain, and is actually located in a valley.
		Mecca is around 80 km inland from the Red Sea.
	www.studytoanswer.net /islam/osama1.html (3212 words)

	The Prophet Muhammad - [3] The Arabian Lands Embrace Islam
		Mecca having thus been entered, the first thing that the Prophet did was to clear the Ka'ba of the idols.
		With the sole exception of the battle of Hunain, which had to be undertaken against the Hawazin immediately after the conquest of Mecca, regular warfare between the Muslims and the non-Muslims in the whole of Arabia now came to an end, and even at Hunain, the unbelieving Meccans fought on the side of the Muslims.
		At the end of the tenth year of the Hijra, the Prophet set out to perform the pilgrimage to Mecca.- As the whole of Arabia was now Muslim, there was not a single idolater in the huge concourse of 124,000 pilgrims assembled at Mecca from all corners of the country.
	www.mountainman.com.au /islam_3.html (1984 words)

	Welcome to IslamVision.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The unbelieving Quraysh of Mecca were bitterly set against the Prophet (Peace be upon him).
		If anybody in Mecca apprehended loss or misappropriation of his property, he usually deposited it with the Prophet (Peace be upon him).
		Of a fact, such a square dealing at this critical moment is a strange commentary on the nobility of the Prophet (Peace be upon him) as well as the callousness thus clarified by God.
	www.islamvision.org /ProphetsMigrationtoMadina.asp (262 words)

	Quran
		This Sura was reve-aled at Medina after the migration of the Prophet (p.b.u.h) from Mecca to Medina.
		It was for this reason that the Arab pagans entered Islam, in groups, after the conquest of Mecca.
		But, it is completely improbable to say, (as some have said), that it was revealed at the time of the farewell Pilgrimage after the conquest of Mecca.
	www.irib.ir /worldservice/quran/tafser/275.htm (207 words)

	Treaty of Hudaibia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		With it was terminated the struggle between the Muslims of Medina and the Qoraish of Mecca, which had extended over nineteen years, and had, after the migration, assumed the character of an armed conflict.
		Some estimate of the rate of this progress might be made on the basis of the number of Muslims who were present with Muhammad at Hudaibia, which was just short of 1400, and the number that accompanied him two years later during the conquest of Mecca, which was 10,000.
		As soon as this pact was solemnly concluded by the two parties, the tribe of Khazao entered an alliance with Medina and that of Banu Bakr with the Meccans.
	ismaili.net /histoire/history03/history325.html (753 words)

	Brief History of Ismailism by A. Aziz
		The Muslims of Medina were known as Ansa'r, the helpers; and those who came from Mecca were known as Muha'jireen, the refugees.
		When the enemy, the idolaters in Mecca, found that their intended victims had escaped they prepared an army to attack Medina.
		He went to Mecca to perforn his last hajj in the last month of 10 A.H. Over a hundred thousand Muslims, from all over Arabia, joined him for the hajj ceremonies.
	www.amaana.org /history/histaa1.htm (4089 words)

	Muhammad The Prophet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		At the conquest of Mecca, he stood at the zenith of his power.
		Around him in quite early days, gathered what was best and noblest in Mecca, its flower and cream, men of position, rank, wealth and culture, and from his own kith and kin, those who knew all about his life.
		After the fall of Mecca, more than one million square miles of land lay at his feet, Lord of Arabia, he mended his own shoes and coarse woolen garments, milked the goats, swept the hearth, kindled the fire and attended the other menial offices of the family.
	muhammad.net /bio/lifeofprophet.html (5316 words)

	Islamic Expansion through Jihãd: The Evidence of the Sunnah
		He was content to keep together the band of his followers in Medina and with their help wage incessant war against the Koreish of Mecca and other Arab tribes, so as to add to his resources and build a well-equipped military machine.
		According to him, the Prophet, with an army of 10,000, was proceeding towards Mecca in extreme secrecy when a small reconnoitring party of the Koreish, headed by Abu Sufyan, fell in with Al-Abbas, the Prophet’s uncle, issuing forth from the latter’s encampment.
		Clearly this was a direct outcome of the conquest of Mecca although delayed after the day of victory for about a year.
	www.bharatvani.org /books/jihad/ch5.htm (1302 words)

	Crone. Meccan Trade
		It is not very likely that there should be a one-to-one correspondence between the objective factors that led to the appearance of a prophet in Arabia and Muhammad's subjective perception of his mission: prophets are heirs to a prophetical tradition, not to a sociological habit of viewing their society from outside.
		In Mecca, Muhammad was only a would-be prophet, and if he had stayed in Mecca, that is what he would have remained.
		The conquests, it could be argued, turn on the simple fact that somebody had an idea, and it is largely or wholly accidental that somebody did so in the seventh century rather than the fifth, the tenth, or not at all.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/med/crone.html (5125 words)

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