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Topic: Conrad III of Jerusalem

	Maria of Montferrat - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Maria of Montferrat (1192 - 1212) was the daughter of Conrad of Montferrat and Isabella, Queen of Jerusalem.
		Their daughter Yolande of Jerusalem (also known as Isabella) was born in 1212, but Maria died shortly after, probably from puerperal fever.
		Maria's line died out in 1268, when her great-grandson Conrad III of Jerusalem was executed in Southern Italy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Maria_of_Montferrat (234 words)

	Kings of Jerusalem - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Kingdom of Jerusalem had its origins in the First Crusade, when Godfrey of Bouillon took the title Advocatus Sancti Sepulchri, "Protector of the Holy Sepulcher", in 1099 and was crowned in the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem.
		After the fall of Jerusalem in 1187, the capital of the Kingdom was moved to Acre, where it remained until 1291, although coronations took place in Tyre.
		Melisende was the youngest daughter of Isabella, Queen of Jerusalem and her fourth husband King-Consort Amalric II of Jerusalem.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kings_of_Jerusalem (2009 words)

	Conrad IV of Germany
		Conrad IV (1228 - May 20, 1254), was king of Germany 1237-1254, and king of Sicily and Jerusalem 1250-1254.
		When Frederick died in 1250, he passed Sicily and Jerusalem to Conrad, but the struggle with the pope continued, with Conrad invading Italy in 1251, but not with enough success to subdue the pope's supporters, and in turn the pope offered Sicily to Edmund, son of Henry III of England (1253).
		Conrad was excommunicated in 1254, but died of a fever in the same year, and it was left to his son Conradin to continue the struggle with the Papacy.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/co/Conrad_IV.html (162 words)

	Kloosterman Genealogy, Kingdom of Jerusalem
		Conrad of Montferrat was married to Isabella, daughter of Amalric I, and made King of this rump state, but he was killed by the Hashshashin almost immediately thereafter.
		The title of King of Jerusalem was inherited by Conrad IV of Germany, son of Frederick II and Yolande of Jerusalem, and later by his own son Conrad III of Jerusalem.
		The coat of arms of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, which has gone through several different varieties of a cross or (gold) on an argent (silver) field, is a famous violation of or exception to the rule of tincture in heraldry, which prohibits the placement of metal on metal or colour on colour.
	www.kloosterman.be /jerusalem-kingdom.php (2292 words)

	[No title]
		Jerusalem and the holy places especially, as being the most interesting parts of the empire to Christians and the scene of continual Christian pilgrimages, were the places where the Turkish government was most anxious to show that its reforms were really meant.
		Jerusalem, like the other free branches of their communion, has always indignantly withstood the many attempts of Constantinople to assert a kind of papal authority, and has always upheld the axiom that that oecumenical bishop has no ecclesiastical jurisdiction outside his patriarchate.
		The third Franciscan convent in Jerusalem is by the Chapel of the Scourging in the Tariq Bab Sitti Miriam, opposite the Antonia castle.
	www.ewtn.com /library/homelibr/08364a.txt (7802 words)

	Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem
		The earliest Cross of Jerusalem I have seen, from the Latin East itself, is on a coin of Amaury, Pretender to the throne of Cyprus, of c.
		The arms of Jerusalem could be seen in the grand arms of State of the Austrian Empire in the 19th century and the title was used until 1918.
		One notable exception: the tomb of Philippe d'Aubigni in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem.
	heraldica.org /topics/national/jerusale.htm (2781 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Amalric I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Amalric I AMALRIC I [Amalric I] or Amaury I, c.1137-1174, Latin king of Jerusalem (1162-74); brother and successor of Baldwin III.
		Baldwin IV BALDWIN IV [Baldwin IV] (Baldwin the Leper), c.1161-1185, Latin king of Jerusalem (1174-85), son and successor of Amalric I. Raymond, count of Tripoli, was regent from 1174 to 1176.
		Jerusalem, Latin Kingdom of JERUSALEM, LATIN KINGDOM OF [Jerusalem, Latin Kingdom of] feudal state created by leaders of the First Crusade (see Crusades) in the areas they had wrested from the Muslims in Syria and Palestine.
	www.encyclopedia.com /articles/21915.html (562 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem
		Alix of Champagne, Queen of Cyprus and daughter of King Henry I, claimed the regency on the ground of being Isabella of Brienne's nearest relative; and it was conferred upon her and her second husband Ralph, Count of Soissons, the imperial garrison, besieged in Tyre, being forced to capitulate.
		The title of King of Jerusalem continued to be borne in a spirit of rivalry: by the Kings of Cyprus belonging to the House of Lusignan; and by the two Houses of Anjou which claimed to hold their rights from Mary of Antioch.
		In 1459 Charlotte, daughter of John III, King of Cyprus, married Louis of Savoy, Count of Geneva, and in 1485 ceded her rights to Jerusalem to her nephew Charles of Savoy; hence, from that time up to 1870, the title of King of Jerusalem was borne by the princes of the House of Savoy.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08361a.htm (3021 words)

	chronological 1150 - 1188
		Conrad III of Germany dies, and is succeeded in Frankfurt by his nephew Frederick I (called Frederick 'Barbarossa'; Holy Roman Emperor: 1152-90).
		February 10: King Baldwin III dies at Tripoli and control of Jerusalem passes to his brother, Amalric I. Amalric's chief goal is the conquest of Egypt and, in fact, his continual failure to capture Egypt may have been an important cause of the decline in power of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem.
		Defense of Jerusalem is led by Balian of Ibelin.
	www.allcrusades.com /CHRONOLOGICAL/chrono-1150-1188.html (5504 words)

	Roman Emperors DIR Manuel I Comnenus
		John negotiated a marriage contract for Manuel with Conrad III of Germany; he was to marry Bertha of Sulzbach.
		Conrad in the meantime convalesced in Constantinople throughout the winter of 1147-1148, being treated to a variety of amusements.
		Since Conrad III was allied to Manuel, Roger realised that it was in his interests to come to an understanding with the Hungarian king Géza II and the Serbs.
	www.roman-emperors.org /mannycom.htm (8944 words)

	Saudi Aramco World : End of a Vision (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Together with Baldwin III of Jerusalem, they attempted to take Damascus with an improvised army, were repulsed with ease, and returned to a stunned Europe in disgrace.
		When Saladin advanced on Jerusalem, took it with little loss of life on either side and magnanimously freed thousands of his prisoners, and released the King and his nobles on their parole never to bear arms again against him, Europe still entertained the hope that Jerusalem could be recaptured.
		Pope Innocent III denounced the vicious perversion of the Fourth Crusade into an attack against the eastern Christian state, but his words were lost in roars of greedy approval by the majority of French.
	www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/197003/end.of.a.vision.htm (4416 words)

	Jerusalem: Architecture in the late Ottoman Period
		Jerusalem is a city like no other – it has fired people’s imaginations in every generation and is revered by adherents of the three monotheistic faiths.
		The Jerusalem municipality was built here; the Ministry of Agriculture, magistrate and district courts, Jerusalem’s police headquarters and a detention facility, as well as the offices of the Society for the Preservation of Nature, are housed in the compound’s buildings.
		Conrad Schick, born in Germany in 1822, came to Jerusalem in 1846 as a Protestant missionary.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/Archaeology/jerott.html (5195 words)

	BALDWIN III. - LoveToKnow Article on BALDWIN III. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		He received them in Jerusalem in 1148; with them he planned the attack on Damascus and with them he signally failed in the attack.
		From these internal dissensions Baldwin was now summoned to the north, to regulate anew the affairs of Antioch and also those of Tripoli, where the death of Count Raymund had thrown on his shoulders the cares of a second regency.
		On his return to Jerusalem he was successful in repelling an attack by an army of Turcomans; and his success encouraged him to attempt the siege of Ascalon in the spring of 1153.
	87.1911encyclopedia.org /B/BA/BALDWIN_III_.htm (822 words)

	Otto of Freising
		By her first husband, Frederick I of Hohenstaufen, duke of Swabia, Agnes was the mother of the German king Conrad III, and grandmother of the emperor Frederick I; and Otto was thus related to the most powerful families in Germany.
		He enjoyed the favor of Conrad's successor, Frederick I; was probably instrumental in settling the dispute over the duchy of Bavaria in 1156; was present at the famous diet at Besançon in 1157, and, still retaining the dress of a Cistercian monk, died at Morimond on the 22nd of September 1158.
		It is not confined to German affairs, as the author digresses to tell of the preaching of Bernard of Clairvaux, of his zeal against the heretics, and of the condemnation of Peter Abelard; and discourses on philosophy and theology.
	www.nndb.com /people/311/000103999 (637 words)

	[No title]
		Henry Berry was the "Baumeister" or master-builder of the Jerusalem Church, erected in 1804.
		He was one of the donors of the land on part of which was erected the Jerusalem Church and part was consecrated for use as a burial place, - Annville's oldest graveyard, the one we are recording.
		Abraham Raiguel III, 1796-1849 was the son of Abraham II.
	www.geocities.com /Heartland/Plains/9263/jerusalem.html (3056 words)

	Mighty Monarchs IX (Kingdom of Jerusalem) quiz -- free game
		The Crusaders were led by Conrad III, Holy Roman Emperor, and this king (who was accompanied by his wife, Eleanor of Aquitaine).
		On Apr 28, 1192 AD Conrad I, King of Jerusalem, was murdered by members of a Muslim sect, Hashishiyuns, on the orders of Sheik Sinan (known as 'the Old Man of the Mountains').
		The final decline of the Kingdom of Jerusalem began during the reign of the absent king, Conrad II (better known in history as Conrad IV, Holy Roman Emperor).
	www.funtrivia.com /playquiz.cfm?qid=85913 (460 words)

	Letters of Conrad III during the Second Crusade
		The main focus of the Second Crusade (1145-49) was an attempt by Christian forces to expand the territory held by Christian forces in the Holy Land.
		One of the key players was Conrad III, the Holy Roman Emperor, who led the German forces from Europe.
		Conrad, by the grace of God, king of the Romans, to venerable Wibald, abbot of Corvey and Stavelot, his most kind greeting.
	www.deremilitari.org /resources/sources/conradletters.htm (1033 words)

	History of the Christian Church, Schaff, 1910 edition with power search.
		(III.) of Saxony, 1125–1137, to whom both parties appealed, decided for Innocent, led him and St. Bernard to Rome by armed force, and received in turn from the pope the imperial crown, June 4, 1133.
		The papal court was very consistent in its principles and aims, but as to the choice of means for its end it was subject to the same charge of avarice and venality, whether at Rome or in exile.
		The new archbishop was summoned by Pope Alexander III.
	www.bible.ca /history/philip-schaff/5_ch04.htm (15730 words)

	Church of the Apostles Found on Mt. Zion - Pixner - BAR and CenturyOne Foundation
		I believe that the returning Judeo-Christians did it in the late first century, when they put up their synagogue on the site they identified with the cenacle (the Upper Room, where the Last Supper was held), the center of the primitive community around James, "the brother of the Lord" (Galatians 1:19).
		The Judeo-Christians returned to Jerusalem under the leadership of Simon Bar-Kleopha, who was the second bishop of Jerusalem after James, "the brother of the Lord," and, like Jesus, a descendant of the royal Davidic family.
		The reconciliation was finalized when the bishop of Jerusalem, John II (served 387-419 A.D.), blessed the altar of the Judeo-Christians (propitiatory, Hebrew kapporet), now in the Theodosian church, on the feast of Yom Kippur (September 15), possibly 394 A.D. On that occasion Bishop John gave a most astonishing sermon full of Judeo-Christian symbolism.
	www.centuryone.org /apostles.html (8297 words)

	Conrad - Developing Results for HIV Protection
		The research supported by CONRAD is conducted in its intramural laboratories and clinics at the medical school and by investigators at other research institutions in the United States and abroad.
		An external panel evaluated the twinning program in 1998 and reported that the program as presently constituted, with CONRAD reviewing and funding proposals, is significantly better than the previous system in which funds had been given directly to the U. centers as part of their core budgets.
		Gabelnick is the director of CONRAD, which is administered for USAID by the Eastern Virginia Medical School, where he is also a professor in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology.
	www.conrad.org /assets/ciccrbien9900.htm (8615 words)

	Teutonic Order (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Pope Clement III confirmed this body as the "fratrum Theutonicorum ecclesiae S. Mariae Hiersolymitanae" by the Bull Quotiens postulatur of February 6, 1191 and, within a few years, the Order had developed as a Religious Military institution comparable to the Hospitallers and Templars, although initially subordinate to the Master of the Hospital.
		Duke Conrad of Massovia had been invaded by these barbarians and, in 1225, desperate for assistance, asked the Teutonic knights to come to his aid.
		Their Master, Conrad von Feuchtwangen, although before his election Provincial Master in Prussia and Livonia, had fortunately been in Acre when elected and so was able to demonstrate for his brother knights the military skills learned fighting Prussian barbarians.
	www.chivalricorders.org /vatican/teutonic.htm (9066 words)

	Travelling to Jerusalem--Benjamin of Tudela--
		Pope Alexander III roused the conscience of Europe, and induced the pick of chivalry to embark upon the Third Crusade in 1189.
		In Jerusalem, attached to the palace which belonged to Solomon, are the stables built by him, forming a very substantial structure, composed of large stones, and the like of it is not to be seen anywhere in the world.
		From Jerusalem it is two parasangs to Bethlehem, which is called by the Christians Beth-Leon, and close thereto, at a distance of about half a mile, at the parting of the way, is the pillar of Rachel's grave, which is made up of eleven stones, corresponding with the number of the sons of Jacob.
	chass.colostate-pueblo.edu /history/seminar/benjamin/benjamin1.htm (20341 words)

	AllRefer.com - Crusades : The Later Crusades : Second Crusade (Wars And Battles) - Encyclopedia
		The Second Crusade, 1147–49, was preached by St. Bernard of Clairvaux after the fall (1144) oft was led by Holy Roman Emperor Conrad III, whose army set out first, and by King Louis VII of France.
		Both armies passed through the Balkans and pillaged the territory of the Byzantine emperor, Manuel I, who provided them with transportation to Asia Minor in order to be rid of them.
		Conrad returned home in 1148 and was followed (1149) by Louis.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/Crusades-the-later-crusades.html (297 words)

	Second Crusade
		After Edessa was recaptured by the Muslims in 1144, the Second Crusade was summoned by Roman bishop Eugenius III, and preached by Bernard of Clairvaux in France and Germany.
		In consultation with King Baldwin III of Jerusalem and his nobles, the Crusaders decided to attack Damascus in July.
		Pope Eugenius III in 1145 issued a formal crusade bull, the first of its kind, with precisely worded provisions designed to protect crusaders' families and property...
	jmgainor.homestead.com /files/PU/Cru/2cr.htm (297 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Jerusalem became the password, the white cross the symbol.
		1099 Kingdom of Jerusalem established by Godrfey of Bouillon, the 'Protector of the Holy Sepulchre.
		Excommunicated by the Pope, Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II led campaign to Acre and obtained jerusalem, Bethlehem, and Nazareth from Ayyubid Sultan Elkamil, by treaty.
	coursesa.matrix.msu.edu /~fisher/hst373/chronology/crusadescrusades.html (424 words)

	Crusades: The Later Crusades
		The fleet arrived at the Bosporus in 1203; Alexius III fled, and Isaac II and Alexius IV were installed as joint emperors while the fleet remained outside the harbor.
		Soon afterward Innocent III and his successor, Honorius III, began to preach the Fifth Crusade, 1217–21.
		Frederick crowned himself king of Jerusalem, but, occupied with Western affairs, he did nothing when the Muslims later reoccupied the city.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/history/A0857643.html (1077 words)

	History of THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In 1138, after some years of upheaval and civil war, their son Conrad is elected the German king - as Conrad III.
		In spite of the brilliance of his court in Sicily, and the nonchalant ease with which he achieves his own crusade to Jerusalem, Frederick leaves an inheritance which cannot long survive him.
		With Conrad's death, in 1254, there is a vacancy on the German throne which is not filled for another nineteen years.
	www.historyworld.net /wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?groupid=349&HistoryID=aa35 (1171 words)

	Conrad IV, ruler of the Holy Roman Empire
		Conrad IV Conrad IV, 1228–54, German king (1237–54), king of Sicily and of Jerusalem (1250–54), son of Holy Roman Emperor
		Frederick II He was elected (1237) king of the Romans at his father's instigation after Frederick had deposed Conrad's older brother Henry in Germany.
		Archbishop Siegfried II of Mainz was regent for Conrad until 1241, when he was replaced by Henry Raspe, count of Thuringia.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/people/A0813271.html (222 words)

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