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Topic: Consanguinity

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Incest taboo

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Matilda, Duchess of Saxony

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	Consanguinity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Consanguinity, literally meaning common blood, describes how close a person is related to another in the sense of a family.
		In general, the lower the degree of consanguinity between two persons is, the closer they are related, and thus the higher the level of consanguinity (be careful to distinguish degree and level).
		The succession law known as consanguinity, requires the next monarch to be of the same blood of the previous one; allowing, for example, illegitimate children to inherit.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Consanguinity (347 words)

	CONSANGUINITY - LoveToKnow Article on CONSANGUINITY
		Lineal consanguinity is that which subsists between persons of whom one is descended in a direct line from the other, while collateral relations descend from the same stock or ancestor, but do not descend the one from the other.
		The degrees of collateral consanguinity were differently reckoned in the civil and in the canon law, The civil law reckons the number of descents between the persons on both sides from the common ancestor.
		Apart from those countries which have made either the civil or the canon law the basis of reckoning degrees of consanguinity (and practically all civilized countries adopt one or other), it is impossible to describe any method or system, for they are as various as the countries and tribes.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /C/CO/CONSANGUINITY.htm (409 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Consanguinity
		Consanguinity is a diriment impediment of marriage as far as the fourth degree of kinship inclusive.
		The term consanguinity here means, within certain limitations defined by the law of nature, the positive law of God, or the supreme authority of State or Church, the blood-relationship (cognatio naturalis), or the natural bond between persons descended from the same stock.
		Affinity from a true marriage is a diriment impediment to the fourth degree of consanguinity of the deceased spouse; according to the ecclesiastical law a widower may not marry any of his deceased wife's blood-relations as far as the fourth degree inclusively, nor a widow her deceased husband's blood-relations.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/04264a.htm (4039 words)

	consanguinity. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Consanguinity is to be distinguished from affinity, which is the relation of a person, through marriage, to the consanguineous relatives of a spouse.
		Marriage between persons in lineal consanguinity (persons in the direct line of descent, such as father and daughter) and between brothers and sisters is void under common law, church law, and statute.
		Whether or not marriages between persons of collateral consanguinity (those having a common ancestor but not related in direct line of descent) are prohibited as incestuous depends on statutory provision and judicial interpretation.
	www.bartleby.com /65/co/consangu.html (310 words)

	Legal Definition of Consanguinity
		Lineal consanguinity is that relation which exists among persons, where one is descended from the other, as between the son and the father or the grandfather, and so upwards in a direct ascending line; and between the father and the son or the grandson, and so downwards in a direct descending line.
		This being the natural mode of computing the degrees of lineal consanguinity, it has been adopted by the civil, the canon, and the common law.
		Collateral consanguinity is the relation subsisting among persons who descend from the same commnon ancestor, but not from each other.
	www.lectlaw.com /def/c285.htm (482 words)

	Consanguinity - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Consanguinity is measured in terms of the degree of consanguinity, which can be defined in several different ways.
		In general, the lower the degree of consanguinity, the closer the relationship, and thus the higher the level of consanguinity.
		Given that most of the nobility of Europe were and still are in-bred to one degree or another, consanguinuity was often used by European nobility as a convenient means of divorce, especially in ages when religious doctrine forbade the voluntary dissolution of a failed marriage.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /consanguinity.htm (381 words)

	[No title]
		Out of 1549 consanguineous marriages contracted in Prussia in 1889, 1422 were between "cousins" (probably first), 110 between uncles and nieces, and 16 between nephews and aunts.[20] The ratio of such marriages to 10,000 in France during the fifteen years ending in 1875 was:[21] TABLE V. Degree.
		The percentage of consanguineous marriages is decreasing with the increasing ease of communication and is probably less than half as great now as in the days of the stage coach.
		A consanguineous marriage within a family tainted with deafness would have the same effect as doubling the number of deaf relatives, which as we have seen greatly increases the percentage having deaf children.
	www.gutenberg.org /dirs/1/2/9/5/12955/12955-8.txt (14786 words)

	The Project Gutenberg eBook of Consanguineous Marriages, by George B. Louis Arner.
		By far the greater part of the literature of consanguineous marriage is of a controversial rather than of a scientific nature, and a search for statistical evidence for either side of the discussion reveals surprisingly little that is worthy of the name.
		The comparatively low averages of the consanguineous marriages from Bemiss may easily be accounted for by the fact that the cases were highly selected so that nearly one-third of the children were in some way defective, and the parents in many cases were far below the average in vitality.
		The blind from scrofula of consanguineous parentage were 2.8 per cent of all the blind of consanguineous parentage, while all the blind from scrofula were 1.8 per cent of all the blind.
	www.gutenberg.org /dirs/1/2/9/5/12955/12955-h/12955-h.htm (12830 words)

	SUMMA THEOLOGICA: Is consanguinity fittingly distinguished by degrees and lines? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		For the degree of consanguinity in the ascending and descending line is contracted from the fact that one of the parties whose consanguinity is in question, is descended from the other.
		But the consanguinity that exists between persons who are in collateral lines is contracted not through one being descended from the other, but through both being descended from one: wherefore the degrees of consanguinity in this line must be reckoned in relation to the one principle whence it arises.
		Descent taken in a general sense attaches to every line of consanguinity, because carnal procreation whence the tie of consanguinity arises is a kind of descent: but it is a particular kind of descent, namely from the person whose consanguinity is in question, that makes the descending line.
	www.newadvent.org /Summa/505402.htm (1294 words)

	Indmedica - Indian Journal of Community Medicine
		Consanguineous marriage is common, where individuals prefer to marry within their clan.
		Consanguinity has been known to increase the chance of the husband and wife carrying an identical gene derived from a common ancestor.
		The sample size in the present study was not sufficiently large to study the effect of consanguinity on the stillbirth rate, neonatal mortality and incidence of congenital malformations and genetic disorders.
	www.indmedica.com /journals.php?journalid=7&issueid=36&articleid=474&action=article (1072 words)

	CONSANGUINITY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The mean coefficient of consanguinity is equal to the mean of the various individual coefficients weighted by the frequencies of the various types of crosses between related individuals.
		F being the mean coefficient of consanguinity of the population.
		Consanguinity has the effect of increasing the frequency of homozygotes and of reducing that of heterozygotes, relative to the proportions given by the Hardy-Weinberg law.
	www.infobiogen.fr /services/chromcancer/IntroItems/ConsangID30039ES.html (1614 words)

	Summa Theologica
		Since then no tie of consanguinity arises between the person born of semen and that which he eats, neither will there be any tie of kindred between him and the person of whom he is born by carnal procreation.
		Therefore the degrees of consanguinity should have equally impeded marriage at all times: yet this is not true since consanguinity is now an impediment to marriage as far as the fourth degree, whereas formerly it was an impediment as far as the seventh.
		Yet the Old Law permitted other degrees of consanguinity, in fact to a certain extent it commanded them; to wit that each man should take a wife from his kindred, in order to avoid confusion of inheritances: because at that time the Divine worship was handed down as the inheritance of the race.
	www.godrules.net /library/summa/XP054.htm (4480 words)

	Consanguinity -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Consanguinity, literally meaning common blood, describes a ((biology) a taxonomic group containing one or more genera) family relationship between two individuals.
		Various other definitions of degrees of consanguinity have been used at different times in (The body of codified laws governing the affairs of a Christian church) canon law.
		In general, the lower the number of degrees of consanguinity, the higher the risk of (The act of mating closely related individuals) inbreeding.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/co/consanguinity.htm (244 words)

	Coefficients of Inbreeding and Consanguinity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The coefficient of consanguinity for two individuals is the probability that, if the two mated and produced an offspring, the offspring would be homozygous for a particular gene because of common ancestry.
		This is calculated for a single individual, and is simply the coefficient of consanguinity of the individual's parents.
		The coefficient of consanguinity for two individuals is 1/2 times the probability that they have the same allele of a given gene.
	biology.semo.edu /agathman/genetics/inbreeding.htm (1402 words)

	Human Biology: Evolution of consanguinity in the Archbishopric of Santiago de Compostela (Spain) during 1900-1979
		The rate of consanguinity of the total number of consanguineous marriages is 5.13% and the average coefficient of inbreeding is 1.94 X 10 3, values that are within the wide range of variability found in other Spanish populations.
		Another remarkable aspect of consanguinity studies is the analysis of the possible genetic-medical consequences for the descendants of marriages between close relatives.
		Frequencies of the different types of consanguineous marriages, rates of consanguinity, and average coefficients of inbreeding are estimated together with their corresponding patterns of temporal variation for the period 1900-1979.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3659/is_199708/ai_n8761506 (1315 words)

	dailypennsylvanian.com - Consanguinity and foreign policy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Cultural contempt for consanguinity had deeper roots in the early efforts of Catholicism to unite nepotistic familial clans under the hierarchical rubric of medieval Christianity.
		Consanguinity thus breeds the unfortunate authoritarianism of monarchs and despots in the Arab world and casts serious doubt, some argue, on the substantive value of upcoming Iraqi elections.
		Conquering consanguinity for medical reasons may cultivate the necessary (but not sufficient) conditions for stable peace in war-torn countries, while astute foreign interventions may aid healthcare professionals in overcoming challenges that would otherwise appear insurmountable.
	www.dailypennsylvanian.com /vnews/display.v/ART/41f4a53ec598e (819 words)

	GeneWeb - Consanguinity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Consanguinity of an individual x is the probability cg(x) to find in a given locus two identical genes.
		The consanguinity cg(x) is equal to the relationship pr(px,mx) of the parents px and mx of x.
		Statistically, on the great number of locuses of an individual, the consanguinity corresponds approximately to the percentage of his locuses holding identical genes.
	cristal.inria.fr /~ddr/GeneWeb/en/consang.htm (269 words)

	The Ambassadors - SELECTED STUDIES - Vol.6, Issue 2 (July 2003)
		Consanguineous marriages are marriages contracted between blood relatives.
		The participants agreed that consanguineous marriage is an integral part of cultural and social life in many areas, and that attempts to discourage it at the population level are inappropriate and undesirable, even though it is associated with an increased birth prevalence of children with recessive disorders.
		Consanguinity, fertility, reproductive wastage, infant mortality and congenital malformations.
	ambassadors.net /archives/issue14/selected_studies3.htm (1810 words)

	ParaPundit: Consanguinity prevents Middle Eastern political development
		In fact, the recorded numbers of consanguineous unions appear to have grown at least in step with increasing national and regional populations, and in some economically less developed countries the proportion of marriages contracted between close biological kin has expanded.
		Hence, it is expected that it is not uniform in terms of the practice of consanguinity - as in fact is the case.
		I personally doubt that consanguinity is a major factor in the failure to create democratic nations in the Middle East, although it might have some bearing on the matter.
	www.parapundit.com /archives/000113.html (1678 words)

	The Concepts of Consanguinity and Age of Majority in Genealogy
		The only difference is that it would be a dispensation of affinity rather than a dispensation of consanguinity (unless, of course, a true blood relationship also existed, and that would be noted as well).
		After the last posting concerning dispensations of consanguinity, I thought it might be useful to briefly touch on "ages of majority" as well.
		Like the dispensations of consanguinity, there are some differences in usage or definition, which could vary by priest or diocese.
	www.islandregister.com /consanguinity.html (2115 words)

	TBDHU - Consanguinity Factsheet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In situations where a known disorder exists in a family, it may be possible to determine whether either or both partners are carriers of the changed gene know to cause the disorder.
		Consanguinity describes a relationship between two people who share a common ancestor.
		The most common form of a consanguineous relationship or marriage is between first cousins.
	www.tbdhu.com /factsheets/Consanguinity.htm (388 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Consanguinity [cousin marriage] is the biggest underappreciated factor in Western analyses of Middle Eastern politics.
		Americans attitudes towards consanguinity are partially the result of the eugenics movement that begin in 1880 and ran up until WWII.
		The only prohibitions against marrying, based upon consanguinity, that are absolute are the prohibition against marrying in any degree of the direct line (i.e.
	www.chicagoboyz.net /archives/002813.html (2492 words)

	NGC - NGC Summary
		Consanguineous couples should be offered similar genetic screening as suggested for any couple of their ethnic group.
		Consanguinity is noted on the pedigree with two parallel mating lines between the couple.
		If a consanguineous couple has a child with a congenital anomaly or a genetic disorder, there may be an attitude of "I told you so" among family members and acquaintances, adding to feelings of parental guilt.
	guidelines.gov /summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=3273 (1547 words)

	Human Biology: Evolution of consanguinity in a French Alpine Valley: The Vallouise in the Briancon Region (17th-19th ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The genealogical method was used to estimate consanguinity in this Alpine population from the 17th to the 19th centuries.
		The results indicate that while consanguinity increased through time (marriage dispensations and genealogies), the structural consanguinity (isonymy) was very stable throughout the entire period.
		However, the calculated consanguinity is a global consanguinity that considers both the population structure and marriages between consanguineous individuals.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3659/is_200204/ai_n9049401 (1196 words)

	Machinima.com: Consanguinity showcase (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It's very clear that Consanguinity is made by a huge Buffy fan - the title sequence, in particular, is spot-on to the "Angel" style of titles, working very well to quickly establish a mood.
		Consanguinity is made using the Neverwinter Nights engine, with the D20 Modern mod to transform it from "Dungeons and Dragons" to more "Streets and Slayers".
		Whilst NWN is an unusual choice for a Machinima engine, it's one with a lot of promise, considering the customisability of the game and the ease of creating new character models (and, of course, Valentine's in good company using it...).
	www.machinima.com /article.php?article=420 (939 words)

	SUMMA THEOLOGICA: Is consanguinity rightly defined by some? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It would seem that consanguinity is unsuitably defined by some as follows: "Consanguinity is the tie contracted between persons descending from the same common ancestor by carnal procreation." For all men descend from the same common ancestor, namely Adam, by carnal procreation.
		Hence in the above definition "tie" is included as being the genus of consanguinity; the "persons descending from the same common ancestor," who are thus tied together are the subject of this tie.
		Some say that the reason why the tie of consanguinity is contracted among men through carnal procreation, and not among other animals, is because whatever belongs to the truth of human nature in all men was in our first parent: which does not apply to other animals.
	www.newadvent.org /summa/505401.htm (849 words)

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