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Topic: Conscious parallelism

	Ideas which can't be true (can they?) though widely accepted.
		Massively parallel processing specifically is a particular, sophisticated form of parallel processing which allows hundreds of processors to work efficiently on the same overall job, such as searching a large database.
		Moreover, while this kind of parallelism occurs in the visual and certain other systems, it is not typical of brain processes overall, and there are, so far as I know, no parallel channels which could plausibly be associated with conscious processes.
		Another reason for talking about parallel processing seems to be the way a set of widely-separated sections of the cortex may be activated by a particular conscious experience.
	www.consciousentities.com /pseudodoxia.htm (1990 words)

	Quantum Consciousness . Stuart Hameroff
		In this view consciousness is said to "emerge" as a novel property of complex interactions among neurons, as hurricanes and candle flames emerge from complex interactions among gas and dust molecules.
		Consciousness is thus a sequence of discrete events, arising from alternating phases of 1) isolated quantum coherent superposition (in which microtubule quantum states are isolated by actin gelation), and 2) classical input/output in which microtubule information communicates with the non-conscious portions of the brain, nervous system and outside world.
		Thus we see consciousness is a self-organizing process on the edge between the quantum world and the classical world, and a connection between biological systems and the fundamental level of the universe.
	www.quantumconsciousness.org /overview.html (2321 words)

	COGNITIVE THEORY OF EVERYDAY LIFE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The implicit response, rho, may be conscious, but it also is inside the body; the observable R may be severely biased as a measure of rho (see, e.g., Figure 3.1).
		At the same time, parallelism supports the working hypothesis that the observable R is a veridical measure of the unobservable rho.
		Conscious experience thus constitutes what is to be explained---together with the means for explaining it.
	www.ecs.soton.ac.uk /~harnad/Papers/Py104/anderson.every.html (17971 words)

	George Herbert Mead: Mind Self and Society: Section 4: Rise of Parallelism in Psychology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The psychology which stresses parallelism has to be distinguished from the psychology which regards certain states of consciousness as existing in the mind of the individual, and succeeding each other in accordance with their own laws of association.
		Consciousness was something that was there, but it was something that could be brought into closer and closer relationship with what went on in the body.
		Parallelism in psychology was very largely under the control of the study of the central nervous system, and that led on inevitably to functional, motor, voluntaristic, and finally behavioristic psychology.
	spartan.ac.brocku.ca /~lward/Mead/pubs2/mindself/Mead_1934_04.html (3341 words)

	George Herbert Mead: Mind Self and Society: Section 5: Parallelism and the Ambiguity of "Consciousness" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		There seems to be no consciousness that answers to the motor processes as such; the consciousness we have of our action is that which is sensory in type and which answers to the current which comes from the sensory nerves which are affected by the contraction of the muscles.
		If one said that he did something, what that amounted to was a consciousness of the movement of the muscles of his body in doing it; the consciousness of the beginning of the act is that which he interpreted as his own volition to act.
		Consciousness as such is peculiarly selective, and the processes of selection, of sensitizing the organ to stimuli, are something very difficult to isolate in the central nervous system.
	spartan.ac.brocku.ca /~lward/Mead/pubs2/mindself/Mead_1934_05.html (2185 words)

	Conscious mind - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Conscious mind
		Consciousness is poorly understood but it is often linked to our capacity for language.
		Many people wish to exclude animals from the category of conscious beings, but would admit that higher-order animals do exhibit a degree of self-awareness in addition to their responses to the outside world.
		However, there is generally considered to be a definite difference between the kind of self-examination and contemplation stemming from our consciousness of ourselves, and the level of self-awareness generally admitted to exist in, for example, a chimpanzee.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Conscious+mind (335 words)

	Harvey Carr: The Nature of Mental Process (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Our conception also accepts psychophysical parallelism as a working hypothesis; it contends that psychology shall study psychophysical processes in their entirety, and that it shall include within its domain activities which lie outside the field of consciousness.
		A division of any act of adjustment into its material and conscious aspects with the consequent treatment of but one component certainly gives a very inadequate comprehension of the phenomenon in question, and introduces a distinction which is not only without value, but which is likely to involve the student in many distracting perplexities.
		Parallelism is adopted as a working hypothesis in a matter of fact way without calling the student's attention to it.
	spartan.ac.brocku.ca /~lward/sup/Carr_1917.html (2346 words)

	Goswami (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Yet the subject consciousness of the experience (the subject pole with the qualia of experience) arises co-dependently and tangled-hierarchically with the chosen bra in-state (the object pole), both of which exist only as possibility until the collapse, and no dualism is involved.
		The idea of consciousness self-referentially collapsing both the object pole of the experience and the subject pole, where the quality of the experience lies, also resolves the thorny issue of the oneness of a conscious experience--the idea that we can be consciously aware at any given instant of only one particular thing.
		Consciousness ascribes mental meaning to the image with the help of mental states o f the mental body; only then, when consciousness recognizes and chooses a correlated pair of states of the physical brain and the mental body, is a meaningful representation made.
	members.aol.com /NeoNoetics/GoswamiHardProblem.html (7747 words)

	The Parallel Principle
		Consciousness is different from the physiological state that gives rise to it, for although it is a by-product of the physical processes, it is not itself a physical entity.
		Consciousness is widely believed to be epiphenomenal, which means that it is created and choreographed by a physical body but cannot, conversely, influence the behavior of that body.
		The conscious experience in this sequence does not have to be the sole determinant of the response, but we will allow that it is influential; that is, that it will increase or decrease the likelihood of one response or another.
	ms.cc.sunysb.edu /~rmould/pp/pp.html (3507 words)

	Conscious Parallelism
		Conscious parallelism - Conscious parallelism is a term used in antitrust law to describe price-fixing between competitors in an oligopoly that occurs without an actual spoken agreement between the parties.
		Psychophysical parallelism - Psychophysical parallelism, in psychology, is the theory that the conscious and nervous processes vary concomitantly whether or not there be any causal connection between them; in other words that modifications of consciousness emerge contemporaneously with corresponding modifications of nervous process.
		He explains Buddhist concepts such as karma and consciousness, and explores the Big Bang theory, the origin of the modern age, and he has even agreed to be a datum in psychological research, thus circumventing behaviorism.
	th69.mavgeo.com /consciousparallelism.html (1358 words)

	LawKT.com: Law Firm Publications on Conscious Parallelism
		Defendants made a motion for summary judgment in part on the basis that plaintiffs' price-fixing claim was based on a theory of conscious parallelism, and plaintiffs had not presented sufficient plus factors in support of an agreement to fix prices among defendants.
		According to this presumption mechanism, once the parallel behaviour in a market of the investigated enterprises is established by the Turkish Competition Authority, the presumption of concerted practice places the burden of proving the economic and rational grounds for such parallelism on the enterprise being investigated.
		Courts have long held, for example, that "conscious parallelism" among competitors is not sufficient by itself to establish a conspiracy under the Sherman Act, and there must be "plus" factors.
	www.lawkt.com /pubs/Conscious_Parallelism.html (1361 words)

	J. Alexander Gunn - Bergson And His Philosophy
		The notion of an equality or parallelism between conscious activity and cerebral activity, was commonly adopted by modern physiology, and it was adopted without discussion as a scientific notion by the majority of philosophers.
		Bergson attempts to show that neither of these separately can admit Parallelism, and that Parallelism cannot be formulated except by a confusion of the two—by a process of mental see-sawing as it were, which of course we are not entitled to perform, Idealism and Realism being two opposed and contradictory views of reality.
		We must, however, abandon the notion of any rigid and determined parallelism between soul and body and accustom ourselves to the fact that the life of the mind is wider than the limits of cerebral activity.
	www.ibiblio.org /HTMLTexts/John_Alexander_Gunn/Bergson_And_His_Philosophy/chapter5.html (2607 words)

	[No title]
		Hence, the gasoline retailers behaved in parallel fashion and were conscious of this fact.
		Evidence of "conscious" parallelism came in the form of a letter written by the President of Interstate (O'Donnell).
		Evidence of consciously parallel behavior, in combination with circumstantial evidence, can form the basis of a successful section 1 prosecution.
	www.clt.astate.edu /crbrown/parallel.htm (311 words)

	Eighth Circuit Throws Out Antitrust Conspiracy Claims in Conscious Parallelism Case
		In a decision that should interest any producer or manufacturer in price-sensitive markets where "conscious parallelism" occurs, the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals, sitting, reversed a prior decision of a panel of that same Court, and threw out class claims for illegal conspiracy under § 1 of the Sherman Act.
		In the final analysis, perhaps Blomkest is best read in light of two recent conscious parallelism decisions in which the Third and Ninth Circuit threw out the plaintiffs' antitrust claims that were supported only by circumstantial evidence of collusion.
		Unquestionably, courts appear more willing to dispose of conscious parallelism allegations without a trial if they are satisfied the evidence shows independent pricing decisions.
	www.rkmc.com /Eighth_Circuit_Throws_Out_Antitrust_Conspiracy_Claims_in_Conscious_Parallelism_Case.htm (1349 words)

	Brief of United States as Amicus Curiae Supporting Petitioners
		Accordingly, the court concluded that "simply stating that defendants engaged in parallel conduct, and that this parallelism must have been due to an agreement, would be equivalent to a conclusory, 'bare bones' allegation of conspiracy," and therefore insufficient to state a claim.
		To be sure, evidence of parallel conduct may at times provide important circumstantial evidence supporting an inference of agreement in a suit alleging a violation of Section 1 of the Sherman Act.
		The court of appeals adopted a legal standard that treats allegations of parallel conduct, accompanied by a conclusory allegation of an agreement, as sufficient to state a violation of Section 1 of the Sherman Act for purposes of surviving a motion to dismiss.
	www.usdoj.gov /atr/cases/f218000/218048.htm (6790 words)

	The ENKIDU Prototype Parallel Query Optimization on Local Area Networks (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		It is the general consensus that parallel database systems are the key to high performance data management demanded by applications such as decision support systems and document consulting.
		Conscious of the enterprises' hesitation facing the high price of Massively Parallel Machines, we propose an intermediate solution, upgrading the DBMS access abilities, while involving no or few material investment.
		1 Kosch Encapsulation of Intra-Operator Parallelism in a Paral..
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /exbrayat97enkidu.html (601 words)

	PSYCHOPHYSICAL PARALLELISM - LoveToKnow Article on PSYCHOPHYSICAL PARALLELISM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		, in pyschology, the theory that the conscious and nervous processes vary concomi-tantly whether or not there be any causal connection between them; in other words " that modifications of consciousness emerge contemporaneously with corresponding modifications of nervous process " (Stout).
		The theory is the third possible alternative in considering the relation between mind and body, the others being interaction and one-sided action (e.g.
		It should be observed that this theory is merely a statement, not an explanation.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PA/PARALLELISM_PSYCHOPHYSICAL.htm (101 words)

	Extracts from George Herbert Mead
		The psychology of Darwin assumed that emotion was a psychological state, a state of consciousness, and that this state could not itself be formulated in terms of the attitude or the behavior of the form.
		Contrary to Darwin, however, we find no evidence for the prior existence of consciousness as something which brings about behavior on the part of one organism that is of such a sort as to call forth an adjustive response on the part of another organism, without itself being dependent on such behavior.
		We are rather forced to conclude that consciousness is an emergent from such behavior; that so far from being a precondition of the social act, the social act is the precondition of it.
	www.mdx.ac.uk /www/study/xMead.htm (7681 words)

	Experimental Design
		Pain consciousness is always assumed to have a negative effect on probability amplitudes.
		It is a conscious experience that we imagine has a negative effect on the probability amplitude of states of 'creature inaction', at a time when the creature needs to be actively looking for food.
		Fear and smell consciousness might be aroused simultaneously in the presence of a predator.
	ms.cc.sunysb.edu /~rmould/es/es.html (2189 words)

	Energy Trade and Transportation - Conscious Parallelism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The focus of my discussion will be on the gas industry since the NEB does not regulate electricity within Canada except as it pertains to the export of power and the development of export transmission lines.
		While we as regulators have not overtly made any changes to harmonize our approaches, we are aware of each others methods and understand the implications of our respective approaches and differences.
		Conscious parallelism has and will continue to serve us well as we meet these challenges.
	www.neb-one.gc.ca /newsroom/Speeches/2003/CDEnergyTradeTransportationIAEE2003_10_20_e.htm (2242 words)

	Turkish Weekly Articles - The Concept of Concerted Practice and Its Scope from the Perspective of Turkish and European ...
		In order to admit parallel behavior as concertation, it is necessary to show the existence of connection or cooperation between parties as to future market activities to eliminate uncertainty.
		Given that conscious parallelism is prohibited, as one undertaking raises sales price, other undertakings would end up not being able to raise accordingly.
		In CL article 59/1, undertakings that are accused of having been involved in concerted practice must prove that their parallel behavior does not serve to an objective, which is against the law.
	www.turkishweekly.net /hisar/articles.php?id=166 (6589 words)

	Marxism and Philosophy by Karl Korsch (1923)
		They were especially conscious that this contrast was of great importance for any theoretical interpretation of so-called mental or ideological realities, and their treatment in practice.
		Instead all consciousness is approached with totally abstract and basically metaphysical dualism, and declared to be a reflection of the one really concrete and material developmental process, on which it is completely dependent (even if relatively independent, still dependent in the last instance).
		Marx’s dictum is true not just of forms of economic consciousness in the narrower sense, but all forms of social consciousness: they are not mere chimeras, but ‘highly objective and highly practical’ social realities and consequently ‘must be abolished in a practical and objective manner’.
	www.marxists.org /archive/korsch/1923/marxism-philosophy.htm (13370 words)

	LawKT.com: Law Firm Publications on Conscious Parallelism
		Defendants made a motion for summary judgment in part on the basis that plaintiffs' price-fixing claim was based on a theory of conscious parallelism, and plaintiffs had not presented sufficient plus factors in support of an agreement to fix prices among defendants.
		According to this presumption mechanism, once the parallel behaviour in a market of the investigated enterprises is established by the Turkish Competition Authority, the presumption of concerted practice places the burden of proving the economic and rational grounds for such parallelism on the enterprise being investigated.
		Courts have long held, for example, that "conscious parallelism" among competitors is not sufficient by itself to establish a conspiracy under the Sherman Act, and there must be "plus" factors.
	news.surfwax.com /law/pubs/Conscious_Parallelism.html (1013 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Psycho-Physical Parallelism
		The assertion that all psychical processes have a physiological "parallel" is unwarranted, and scarcely less unwarranted is the assertion that all physiological processes have a psychical "parallel".
		Moreover, were the absolute independence of the physical world indeed a fact, the existence of consciousness would become an insoluble mystery, and the existence of a parallelism between it and the physical world a manifest contradiction.
		Parallelism is useless here, if interaction be abolished; nay, more, is incompatible with that very independence on account of which its existence is affirmed.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/11474a.htm (995 words)

	Blomkest Fertilizer Inc. v. Potash Corporation of Saskatchewan Inc. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Although parallel pricing evidence is consistent with illegal conduct, it is equally consistent with lawful conduct, and thus does not tend to exclude the possibility of independent action.
		Parallel pricing in a concentrated market cannot make a submissible section one case, although it may set the groundwork for such a case.
		Conscious parallelism is the process "not in itself unlawful, by which firms in a concentrated market might in effect share monopoly power, setting their prices at a profit-maximizing, supracompetitive level by recognizing their shared economic interests." Brooke Group Ltd. v.
	lw.bna.com /lw/19990525/971330.htm (12578 words)

	to Daniel Crevier (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		I also notice that your idea of consciousness consists only of response of a brain to events inside it.
		That idea suggests that with no sensory input at all we might still be conscious so long as we knew what we were thinking.
		We're going to need a lot of parallelism, and no sequential computer, even one at the farthest reach of anyone's imagination, could work fast enough to emulate 1 billion neurons.
	www.cryonet.org /cgi-bin/dsp.cgi?msg=11718 (295 words)

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