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Topic: Consequences

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	CONSEQUENCE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In analysis, the consequences of a course of action are determined (predicted) by the use of models.
		The consequences that one would like to have, particularly those that contribute positively to the attainment of objectives, are referred to as [benefits;] the consequences that one would like to avoid or minimize are costs.
		The consequences that do not bear very much on the main objectives and are not evaluated in the analysis but that may affect the objectives of other groups of people are referred to as SPILLOVERS or externalities.
	pespmc1.vub.ac.be /ASC/CONSEQUENCE.html (373 words)

	Raising Children Network \| Consequences
		The consequence of dangerous behaviour could be serious injury, the consequence of persistently avoiding schoolwork can be educational failure, and sometimes natural consequences can actually reward antisocial behaviour – for example, aggressive behaviour can be rewarded when a victim gives the aggressor what he wants.
		Time-out is a type of consequence that may be used for particularly difficult behaviour, or occasions when you both are feeling very angry and you need to take a break from each other for a short time to all calm down.
		Consequences won’t make much sense to children under the age of three, particularly if they do not understand the connection between their actions and the outcomes of those actions.
	raisingchildren.net.au /articles/consequences.html (1224 words)

	Consequences - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Consequences is an old parlour game similar to the surrealist game exquisite corpse or Mad Libs.
		Then the story is read: #1 met #2 at #3, and he said #4, she said #5, and the consequence was #6.
		It is traditionally played by writing the words on paper and folding the paper to hide the previous words before passing it to the next player.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Consequences (152 words)

	Consequentialism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		A definition solely in terms of consequences might seem too broad, because it includes absurd theories such as the theory that an act is morally right if it increases the number of goats in Texas.
		Consequentialist moral theories that focus on reasonably foreseeable consequences are then not subjective insofar as they do not depend on anything inside the actual subject's mind, but they are subjective insofar as they do depend on which consequences this particular subject would foresee if he or she were better informed or more rational.
		If consequentialists define consequences in terms of what is caused (unlike Sosa 1993), then which future events count as consequences is affected by which notion of causation is used to define consequences.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/consequentialism (9972 words)

	Setting consequences (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Children readily understand and often appreciate consequences that give them an opportunity to repair their mistakes: they spill milk, they clean it up (or at least help); they tear a book, they patch it up; they dent a fender, they pay for it.
		The consequence will be more effective and feel fairer if the parent spends time with the child during the week looking for and practising better ways to leave a friend's.
		Creative consequences: Parent drives the child to the friend's house to pick up the jacket (child's responsibility) and the child chooses which of the parent's responsibilities he will help with or take on in return.
	www.cfc-efc.ca /docs/cafrp/00012_en.htm (718 words)

	Educational Psychology Interactive: Operant Conditioning
		It is the stimulus that follows a voluntary response (i.e., the response's consequence) that changes the probability of whether the response is likely or unlikely to occur again.
		The consequence can be delivered based on the same amount of passage of time or the same number of correct responses (fixed) or it could be based on a slightly different amount of time or number of correct responses that vary around a particular number (variable).
		In summary, the schedules of consequences are often called schedules of reinforcements because there is only one schedule that is appropriate for administering response cost and punishment: continuous or fixed ratio of one.
	chiron.valdosta.edu /whuitt/col/behsys/operant.html (1628 words)

	The Unanticipated Consequences of Technology
		An undesired and improbable consequence would be a major explosion, and we would associate the term 'risk' with this outcome, but not with the heating of the water.
		An unforeseen and undesirable consequence might be the evolution of a new species of predator fish, in the warmed ocean water, which destroy existing desired species.
		As the undesired consequences of much of Twentieth Century technology became evident to Lindbergh, his response was not a rejection of technology, but rather a turning to the fundamental questions of why we are here.
	www.scu.edu /ethics/publications/submitted/healy/consequences.html (6894 words)

	Reinforcement Theory
		Thus, there is no Consequences Cookbook where a teacher can look in the chapter, "Rewards for Fifth Grade Boys," and find a long list of things to use as rewarding consequences.
		The candy (Consequence of Reward) is used to increase the behavior of sitting quietly.
		The Rules of Consequence are used in a three step sequence that defines the process of reinforcement.
	www.as.wvu.edu /~sbb/comm221/chapters/rf.htm (2311 words)

	Responsive Discipline Lesson 8: Consequences as the Last Resort
		Consequences alone, however, cannot teach children the values and skills that are important for self-worth, problem solving, and self-control.
		Unpleasant consequences may be necessary if all efforts to use prevention and guidance fail to change a child's repeated acts of misbehavior.
		Frequent use of consequences is ineffective because children gradually adapt or adjust to a certain intensity of punishment.
	www.k-state.edu /wwparent/courses/rd/rd8.htm (1018 words)

	Consequences
		Consequences have the power to change how much or how little behavior is performed: they reinforce or punish behavior.
		In other words, the probability of a consequence increasing or decreasing a class of behavior is relative to the individual it impacts.
		Although our language of these internal consequences is approximate at best, we all understand the wow of a back-flip, the exhilaration of solving a problem, the high from exercise, the pride from building a home, the rush and relaxation of making love, and the contentment from a fine day’s work.
	www.usfamily.net /web/michaelmedland/conseque.htm (1544 words)

	Consequentialism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Consequentialism is usually understood as distinct from deontological ethics, which emphasizes the type of action instead of its consequences, and virtue ethics, which focuses on the character and motivations of the agent.
		A fundamental distinction along these lines is between theories that demand that agents act for ends in which they have some personal interest or motivation to pursue and theories that demand that agents act for ends perhaps disconnected from their own interests and drives.
		Whereas consequentialist theories, by definition, posit that consequences of action should be the primary focus of moral theories, virtue ethics insists that it is the character rather than the consequences of actions that should be the focal point.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Consequentialism (2836 words)

	Consequences (vol. 1, No. 2) - Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Agriculture and Food Supply
		In this summary we look first at the possible biophysical responses of agroecosystems to the specific environmental changes that are anticipated as a result of the buildup of global greenhouse gases, and then at the range of adaptive actions that might be taken to ameliorate their effects.
		The shadow side of such a policy is the implication, however unintended, that amounts under the specified levels are harmless, and that the consequences of the enhanced greenhouse effect do not become manifest or significant until these artificial levels are exceeded.
		Either of these potentially misleading notions, along with the convenient expectation by some plant scientists that the physiological effects of enhanced CO will be overwhelmingly positive, may lull decision makers and the public at large into complacency regarding global warming and--at the very least--could delay effective action.
	www.gcrio.org /CONSEQUENCES/summer95/agriculture.html (5685 words)

	Message from the President - Collateral Consequences
		These collateral consequences are in addition to the sentencing consequences enforced in the courtroom, and, unlike the judicial sentence, they do not consider the circumstances of an individual offender or offense and often they are lifetime consequences.
		When the consequences are too severe, many judges change their rulings, sentencing felonies as misdemeanors and expunging records to avoid what they believe to be an unjust result.
		It is not so much the existence of the consequence, but the lack of the ability of prosecutors and judges to control the whole range of restrictions and punishment imposed on an offender that is the problem.
	www.ndaa-apri.org /ndaa/about/president_message_may_june_2001.html (940 words)

	Logical Fallacy: Appeal to Consequences
		Arguing that a proposition is true because belief in it has good consequences, or that it is false because belief in it has bad consequences is often an irrelevancy.
		Logical consequences should not be confused with causal consequences, and truth or falsity should not be confused with goodness or badness.
		Two of the seventeen reasons that Morris gives for belief in creationism are appeals to consequences: 13 is an appeal to the supposed good consequences—"salutary influence"—of believing in creationism, and 16 is an appeal to the supposedly bad consequences of belief in evolution.
	www.fallacyfiles.org /adconseq.html (620 words)

	Unintended Consequences, by Rob Norton: The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics: Library of Economics and Liberty
		The law of unintended consequences, often cited but rarely defined, is that actions of people—and especially of government—always have effects that are unanticipated or "unintended." Economists and other social scientists have heeded its power for centuries; for just as long, politicians and popular opinion have largely ignored it.
		The concept of unintended consequences is one of the building blocks of economics.
		The unwanted children are an unintended consequence of banning abortions, but not an unforeseen one.
	www.econlib.org /library/Enc/UnintendedConsequences.html (1010 words)

	NIH Guide: MEDICAL AND HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF DRUG ABUSE
		Research on factors, processes and mechanisms associated with the onset, duration, clinical manifestations and treatment of medical and health consequences of drug abuse is encouraged.
		RESEARCH OBJECTIVES Summary Research studies are sought on (1) the extent and nature of medical and health consequences among drug-abusing populations (e.g., epidemiology, natural history studies), (2) the underlying pathophysiology of these consequences, and (3) the impact of strategies to prevent and/or treat such consequences.
		Exploration of the influence of prior/concurrent drug abuse on the latency to onset and the course of disorders or conditions in the elderly, e.g., Alzheimer's Disease; studies of association between drug abuse and manifestations of aging; degenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease; memory impairment; stroke and other cerebrovascular disease.
	grants.nih.gov /grants/guide/pa-files/PA-96-010.html (2501 words)

	Unintended consequence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Merton (1936) spoke of the "unanticipated consequences" of "purposive social action", emphasizing that his term "purposive action… [is exclusively] concerned with 'conduct' as distinct from 'behavior.' That is, with action which involves motives and consequently a choice between various alternatives" (p.895).
		In medicine, most drugs have unintended consequences associated with their use, which are known as 'side effects'.
		Attempts by governments to reduce rent by introducing rent control has led to the unintended consequence of housing shortages and reduction in housing quality, increased difficulty for less desirable renters to obtain or retain housing and even the creation of slums—areas where rental property is allowed to run down until it becomes uninhabitable.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Unintended_consequence (1678 words)

	The Consequences of Agreements
		Political expediency and the competition for power are the main factors shaping conflicts and the consequences of agreements.
		He considers the implementation of agreements, changes in each side's images of the other, the level of economic exchange, the levels of military spending, shifts in conflict or cooperative behavior, and examines those foreign and domestic policies of each party that are not directed at the opponent.
		After reviewing the consequences of de-escalation agreements in the history of U.S.-USSR relations and Arab-Israeli relations, Kriesberg finds that "agreements are generally implemented and endure."[p.
	www.colorado.edu /conflict/peace/example/krie7428.htm (881 words)

	PPLNews - Spring/Summer 2002 - IV
		The consequence: the numbers of illegitimate births and single-parent households have soared.
		The consequence: children now fear for their lives even in elementary and junior high schools.
		Well, as the New Testament tells us, there is a consequence of that scene: It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God.
	www.ppl.org /PPLNews_SpringSummer2002_IV.html (671 words)

	IAV\| The Consequences of Marriage for African Americans
		These are among the key findings presented in The Consequences of Marriage for African Americans, a first-of-its-kind report based on reviews of 125 social science articles and a new statistical analysis of national survey data.
		They should also carry out their analyses separately for men and women, boys and girls, since each of these groups appears to be affected by marriage in unique ways.
		The Consequences of Marriage for African Americans was written by Lorraine Blackman of Indiana University; Obie Clayton of Morehouse College; Norval Glenn of the University of Texas at Austin, Linda Malone-Colon of Hampton University and the National Healthy Marriage Resource Center; and Alex Roberts of the Institute for American Values.
	www.americanvalues.org /html/consequences.htm (1137 words)

	Consequences of sex sin
		If you are looking at pornography, you are susceptible to the same consequences that result from other forms of sexual sin.
		The consequences may not be easily absolved, but God will forgive you of your sin through repentance and faith in Jesus Christ.
		Though every consequence may not be completely removed, God can help you make the best of your circumstances, and get back on track in a life of happiness and blessing.
	www.porn-free.org /consequences.htm (1277 words)

	COURT TV ONLINE - CHOICES AND CONSEQUENCES
		The defendants won the appeal on the grounds that, among other things, the jury was tainted by the prosecutions disparaging characterizations of the defandants, incorrect characterization of one witness’ expertise and misquoted testimony.
		However, it is our belief that the facts that were originally presented as a learning tool in teaching kids about the consequences of making poor choices are still relevant while engaging young adolescents in the curricula activities outlined in this lesson plan.
		Have students describe a time when they made a decision (choice) and the result (consequence) was something other than anticipated.
	www.courttv.com /choices/curriculum/stopsign (991 words)

	CNS - A Preemptive Attack on Iran's Nuclear Facilities: Possible Consequences - August 12, 2004 - Research Story
		At a time when Iraq and the war on terrorism tend to dominate the debate on international affairs, the possibility of an attack on Iran's nuclear facilities has not been a major topic of discussion in the United States.
		The practical diplomatic consequences of a preemptive attack in Iran are worth considering.
		In the aftermath of such a strike, it is highly unlikely that the United States would be able to convince members of the UN Security Council to impose sanctions on Iran.
	cns.miis.edu /pubs/week/040812.htm (6837 words)

	City of Truth or Consequences
		Truth or Consequences is one of those cities that you just have to see for yourself to appreciate it.
		Nestled between Las Cruces and Albuquerque on Interstate 25, Truth or Consequences is renowned for its year-round wonderful climate, recreational facilities, and the mineral waters.
		Truth or Consequences has a strong sense of tradition, with our eyes on the needs of the future.
	www.ci.truth-or-consequences.nm.us (363 words)

	College Drinking: A Snapshot of Annual High-Risk College Drinking Consequences
		The consequences of excessive and underage drinking affect virtually all college campuses, college communities, and college students, whether they choose to drink or not.
		Academic Problems: About 25 percent of college students report academic consequences of their drinking including missing class, falling behind, doing poorly on exams or papers, and receiving lower grades overall (Engs et al., 1996; Presley et al., 1996a, 1996b; Wechsler et al., 2002).
		Alcohol Abuse and Dependence: 31 percent of college students met criteria for a diagnosis of alcohol abuse and 6 percent for a diagnosis of alcohol dependence in the past 12 months, according to questionnaire-based self-reports about their drinking (Knight et al., 2002).
	www.collegedrinkingprevention.gov /StatsSummaries/snapshot.aspx (404 words)

	Consequences - The Ultimate Behavior Game
		Consequences is a new family board game created to inspire children and parents to spend quality family time together.
		Play, learn and laugh together while reinforcing your child's behavior on simple every day tasks like sharing, brushing teeth and going to bed on time.
		The game of consequences can provide an excellent opening for discussing the idea of consequences for behavior and the concept of accountability in a new, fun and positive way.
	www.consequencesgame.com (161 words)

	The Coyote Within :: Consequences (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		But when the outcome is negative and occurs some time in the future—behaving in a certain way could well lead to unpleasant long-term consequences—they seem to find the link harder to grasp, especially if the action itself is pleasant or comforting.
		The negative consequences of smoking are well known and factual.
		Logically, being aware of the health consequences of smoking should make any sane person give it up, if they smoke already, or refuse to start an addictive habit they are very likely to regret.
	www.adriansavage.com /blog/_archives/2006/6/22/2048501.html (1070 words)

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