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The Neuropsychology of Forgiveness Conspecific congruence probably developed out of the structures in the brain that underlie the ability to form classes of groups with perceived similarities. Conspecific congruence is asserted when all members behave to maintain social balance within a group. A positive change in conspecific congruence occurs with kindness or a favor, with the consequent obligation to return it to balance the incongruence. www.mediate.com /articles/noll14.cfm   (679 words)

Imitation in Animals Others have suggested that the mere presence of a conspecific will facilitate the acquisition of a new response for the same reason (Gardner and Engel, 1971) or because the conspecific may have the ability to reduce fear in the observer (Davitz and Mason, 1955; Morrison and Hill, 1967). Being in the presence of an active conspecific (i.e., one that is working for food but that is responding in a way that is irrelevant to the target response) might constitute an even better control than mere presence. It appears that exposure to a fearful conspecific or to a snake alone is insufficient to produce fear of snakes in the observer. www.pigeon.psy.tufts.edu /avc/zentall/default.htm   (11262 words)

* Conspecific - (Aquarium): Definition   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07) A fish that is said to be aggressive toward conspecifics, for example, can be expected to fight with members of its own species. They're extremely intolerant of conspecifics of the same sex in captivity, and I wish I knew the sex ratios of the roving pack of these fish I saw in the wild... This geographical variant shows quite a bit of conspecific aggression and should be kept in a tank with a minimum length of six feet... www.mimihu.com /aquarium/conspecific.html   (358 words)

FISH Text Conspecific probes should provide a more precise hybridization and a more exact localization of genetic markers particularly in less conserved regions. To date there is only one report on the use of a conspecific probe to map a gene in the horse (Oakenfull et al., 1993). Another valuable technique that we plan to investigate is chromosome microdissection, which should aid in the generation of conspecific probes when used in conjunction with DNA library screening and PCR (Meltzer et al., 1992). www.vgl.ucdavis.edu /%7Elvmillon/fish.html   (951 words)

Evolution -- What is a Species and What is Not   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07) Conspecific populations that differ from each other morphologically are called subspecies. To be able to use degree of morphological difference in order to be able to infer species status, one must have a "yard stick," which determines which of the isolated populations already have reached species status and which others have not. First, those that serve as isolating mechanisms and are jointly responsible for the fact that this population of individuals constitutes a biological species, and, second, all other properties of the species. hometown.aol.com /darwinpage/mayrspecies.htm   (6652 words)

Conservation Ecology: Winter Responses of Forest Birds to Habitat Corridors and Gaps We used three continuous dependent variables as plausible measures of the trade-off birds made between a costly (in terms of time and energy), but safer, route in the forest compared to a shortcut in the open for which lower travel costs may be attended by a greater risk of predation. The potential effects of conspecific attraction, which would limit the independence of movement decisions among group members (Smith and Peacock 1990, Reed and Dobson 1993, Romey 1996), were addressed in two ways. The importance of spatial scale was further underlined by the response variables of risk area and forest edge distance, where the interaction between the initial distance in the open and detour efficiency was again apparent. www.ecologyandsociety.org /vol2/iss2/art13/main.html   (5574 words)

Ecology: Conspecific reproductive success and breeding habitat selection: implications for the study of coloniality   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07) However, the mere presence of conspecifics may not always be a good indicator of local quality, because feeding groups or breeding colonies can show dramatic differences in foraging or reproductive success resulting from spatial variations in the quality of the habitat patches that are occupied (Brown et al. Current reproductive success of conspecifics may thus be a reliable cue for predicting the reproductive success that can be expected on a given patch in the next breeding season (Chabrzyk and Coulson 1976, Burger 1982, Shields et al. Theoretical investigations of the hypothesis that individuals use the reproductive success of conspecifics for breeding patch selection (hereafter referred to as the "performance-based conspecific attraction hypothesis") have led to testable assumptions and predictions (Boulinier and Danchin 1997). www.findarticles.com /cf_dls/m2120/n7_v79/21231386/p1/article.jhtml   (1176 words)

Marine Biology (1996) 126: 725-733 Abstract:               The larvae of many benthic marine inver­tebrates settle to form conspecific aggregations and are thought to rely on chemical cues associated with adults as indicators of habitat suitability, although the identi­fication of inductive compounds has proven difficult. Settlement in response to conspecific adults, live worms removed from their tubes, and amputated tentacular crowns of live worms was significantly greater than settlement in re­sponse to dead worms, empty tubes, or biofilmed slides. The settlement inducer appears to emanate from the openings of occupied tubes; settlement was greatest along the anterior two-fifths of the tube of living con specific adults. www2.hawaii.edu /~toonen/files/MarBiol96.htm   (293 words)

Pocket Gopher Control Project - ARDI - Manitoba Agriculture, Food and Rural Initiatives Proulx and Cole (1996) found that northern pocket gophers reacted to the presence of conspecific odors during the reproduction season. An increase of capture success due to conspecific scents was also reported for voles (Boonstra and Krebs 1976, Stoddart 1982, Heske 1987), cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) (Summerlin and Wolfe 1973), California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi) (Salmon and Marsh 1989), and other rodents (Ritter et al. Detailed behavioral work on pocket gophers’ territoriality and response to conspecifics will be required to explain differences in the attraction of female scents from the beginning to the end of the reproduction season. www.gov.mb.ca /agriculture/research/ardi/projects/01-473.html   (1615 words)

Absence of conspecific pollen advantage in the dynamics of an Ipomopsis (Polemoniaceae) hybrid zone -- Alarcón ... Absence of conspecific pollen advantage in the dynamics of an Ipomopsis (Polemoniaceae) hybrid zone -- Alarcón and Campbell 87 (6): 819 -- American Journal of Botany Absence of conspecific pollen advantage in the dynamics of an Ipomopsis (Polemoniaceae) hybrid zone not do so if conspecific pollen is also available on the stigma. www.amjbot.org /cgi/content/full/87/6/819   (3451 words)

Effects of substratum and conspecific adults on the metamorphosis of Chasmagnathus granulata (Dana) (Decapoda: ... In the present study, the effect of various substrata and the presence of conspecific adults on the metamorphosis of a mobile species, the crab Chasmagnathus granulata, was evaluated. The duration of the megalopa stage in experiments with six different substrata and in the presence or absence of conspecific adults was compared in a laboratory study. The results indicate that the metamorphosis of the megalopa of C. granulata is influenced by the presence or absence of environmental stimuli that are associated with the preferred adult habitat. www.awi-bremerhaven.de /Publications/Geb1998a_abstract.html   (291 words)

[No title] Conspecific novel male's substrate was given as individual odor stimulus to adult male Brandt's voles(Microtus brandti) that left in individual cases in long-photoperiod (LD) and short-photoperiod (SD) resfectioely. Plasma testosterone concentration in LD males increased sigrificanily than those in SD males in 30 minutes.After 1 hour or 2 hours, exposed to the novel scents, the testosterone levels of LD males were higher than SD males, but didn't show significant difference. The results demonstrated that the chemical signals induced releasing of androgen and the increase of plasma testosterone of males voles exposed to novel conspecific odors was also influenced by the photoperiod. www.actazool.org /paperdetail.asp?id=939&volume=47&number=4&bgpage=468&endpage=472&year=2001&month=8   (215 words)

Mari Katvala. Female reproduction and conspecific utilisation in an egg-carrying bug. ISBN 951-42-6969-1 Female bugs preferred to oviposit on conspecifics when presented with a choice between a bug and a food plant. To conclude, conspecifics are important egg-laying substrates for female golden egg bugs. Conspecific availability affects female egg laying and the rate of egg production in short term. herkules.oulu.fi /isbn9514269691   (380 words)

CDC - Molecular Epidemiology of O139 Vibrio cholerae: Mutation, Lateral Gene Transfer, and Founder Flush The putative conspecific LGT alleles, although fewer in number (26 alleles) than the assumed number of mutation-derived alleles (34 alleles), provide most of the nucleotide differences between alleles. One potential implication of a greater rate of conspecific recombination may be that, over time, it will maintain the species identity of each individual bacterium, despite the constant bombardment of homologous genes from other genera. Although at first glance the frequency of the novel sequence types appears to conflict between our study and an earlier study (18), the observations may be reconciled on the basis of both the observed frequencies and the timing of the observations. www.cdc.gov /ncidod/EID/vol9no7/02-0760.htm   (3572 words)

Apical sensory neurones mediate developmental retardation induced by conspecific environmental stimuli in freshwater ... Apical sensory neurones mediate developmental retardation induced by conspecific environmental stimuli in freshwater pulmonate snails -- Voronezhskaya et al. Articles by Voronezhskaya, E. Articles by Nezlin, L. Apical sensory neurones mediate developmental retardation induced by conspecific environmental stimuli in freshwater pulmonate snails Conspecific juvenile snails, when reared under conditions of dev.biologists.org /cgi/content/abstract/131/15/3671   (209 words)

García, J   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07) During prelaying and laying periods, I placed artificial models close to nests of both species, simulating a conspecific male harrier (male of the same species), a heterospecific male harrier (male of the other species) or a wood pigeon Columba palumbus, (acting as a control of the same size and colour). Male presence time was significantly longer during conspecific decoy presentation than during heterospecific decoy presentation. Furthermore, males of both species were more aggressive towards the conspecific decoy than towards the heterospecific one, and no attacks towards the control were recorded. www.oikos.ekol.lu.se /jab.34.4.abstracts/JAB3064abs.htm   (240 words)

Insect Behavior Review Articles 1997 Therefore, Photuris species generally do not possess a discrete response to conspecific courtship patterns and response latency is not as important in their own courtship as in other fireflies (Vencl, 1994). Before mating, females generally respond to conspecific signals, which is a triple pulse for some species. Males can often be observed to change their signal and altitude at the same time, switching form a treetop courtship of a conspecific female and emitting a single, or triple, flash pattern thought to be species-specific, to mimicking their females prey closer to the ground and searching for hunting females. www.colostate.edu /Depts/Entomology/courses/en507/papers_1997/stous.html   (3328 words)

Auk, The: Nest-site selection by female Black-Capped chickadees: Settlement based on conspecific attraction?   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07) Black-capped Chickadees are nonmigratory songbirds that excavate nest cavities. Another reason individuals might be attracted to conspecifics is the ability to obtain multiple matings in aggregations (Lack 1948, Birkhead 1978). This pattern, together with the prolonged period of residency prior to nesting, is consistent with conspecific attraction based on mating tactics where females that are most likely to use alternative mating tactics nest near the boundaries of neighbors. www.24hourscholar.com /p/articles/mi_qa3793/is_199907/ai_n8865690   (1365 words)

Learning by imitation: A hierarchical approach Observation of the conspecific's pattern of behaviour is not causal to changing the observer's pattern of behaviour. An individual is given the sight of a conspecific (the demonstrator) performing an action of a specific type. Other individuals are intolerant of the presence of nearby conspecifics when feeding, and the dense herb vegetation means that animals are out of sight when only a few metres apart. www.bbsonline.org /documents/a/00/00/04/39/bbs00000439-00/bbs.byrne.html   (15861 words)

2004 Sixth Annual Symposium - Kurosaki Abstract   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07) Postmating, prezygotic isolation is being measured by mating females of one species with two males (conspecific and heterospecific) consecutively. Conspecific sperm precedence is being quantified by counting the number of offspring that are from conspecific and heterospecific fathers respectively. Postzygotic isolation is being measured by comparing the viability and fertility of conspecific and heterospecific F1 male offspring. www.beckman-foundation.com /04bsp/kurosaki.html   (225 words)

Treat Heliangelus micraster and H. exortis as conspecific Zimmer (1951) proposed that micraster be considered conspecific with exortis because the extremes of variation (chiefly in male gorget color) in a long series of the latter showed approach to (but not overlap with) the colors of micraster. Only if such specimens were to be concentrated in the southern extreme of the range of exortis could they be taken as evidence for conspecificity of the two, but there is no indication of this in his paper (and it would have been a detail hard to overlook). I therefore conclude that the evidence for conspecificity of exortis and micraster is deficient and that they are best treated as separate species, and recommend a NO vote on this proposal, i.e. www.museum.lsu.edu /~Remsen/SACCprop162.html   (680 words)

Conspecific ...psychosocial stress was developed recently in mice, in which a constant adverse stimulus (sensory contact with an aggressive conspecific animal) combined with... ...have been criticized because they may be interpreted as instances of individual learning triggered by the mere presence of a conspecific [social facilitation... ...behavior-specific significance for the catfish, for example, with amino acids important for food detection and bile salts involved in conspecific recognition. www.biometnews.com /gmo/Conspecific.html   (132 words)

Selectivity for Conspecific Song in the Zebra Finch Auditory Forebrain -- Grace et al. 89 (1): 472 -- Journal of ... A: maps of the response strength (z-score) to conspecific (con) and pips stimuli in the auditory forebrain regions. The responses to tones, ripples, and WN were not significantly different from those to conspecific song. The selectivity for conspecific song relative to matched synthetic songs of the neurons in field L was also found to be heterogenous. jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/89/1/472   (10121 words)

Florida Entomologist, v. 82, n. 2, p. 356   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07) Maschwitz (1964a and b) demonstrated alarm responses in workers of the common yellowjacket Vespula vulgaris L. and in the German wasp Vespula germanica (F.) in response to squashed venom sacs and solvent extracts of conspecific venom sacs, identifying the venom as the source of an alarm stimulus. Numbers of wasps captured on the fl 15 cm diam sphere coated with tanglefoot ranged from 0 to 224 when baited with a 5 wasp equivalent dose of methanol extract of conspecific heads, while 0 to 2 were captured on control spheres baited with methanol alone. Workers of the southern yellowjacket, Vespula squamos (Drury) responded to methanolic extracts of conspecific worker heads with attraction and attack, evidenced by significant numbers captured on treated fl spheres presented near nest entrances. www.fcla.edu /FlaEnt/fe82p356.htm   (1341 words)

DIALOG Dissertation Abstracts   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07) Experimental animals were exposed to water formerly inhabited by planktivorous fish fed with conspecific prey. A similar response was observed irrespective of whether the hypothetical alarm substance associated with predator odour came from DAPHNIA specimens actually eaten by fish or from crushed conspecific individuals. While alarm substances may better reflect the significance of the current predation regime on conspecifics, kairomones might inform prey about which predator is active at the time. www.aslo.org /phd/dialog/199903-4.html   (524 words)

Conservation Insights from Demographic Studies of Migratory Songbirds in the American Midwest "Conspecific attraction" is usually considered to be a problem for avian metapopulations because once a population becomes extinct, the lack of conspecifics might prevent recolonization of the habitat patch in a negative feedback loop (Smith and Peacock 1990, Ray et al. Because adults appear to return to areas in which they have nested successfully, the presence of conspecifics should be a good predictor of habitat quality, especially in habitat patches in which predation rates are predictably low. Experimental studies of conspecific attraction are needed to test this hypothesis. birds.cornell.edu /pifcapemay/robinson_and_morse.htm   (7224 words)

Conspecific Temperament - Cichlid Forums Archive   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07) I have a quick question about the term "conspecific" in describing how certain mbuna behave around others. Since I'm not a fish, I'm not sure how similar in appearance and markings a fish has to be to be considered similar. "conspecific" means same species, but the fish that are particularly rough on conspecifics(demasoni) can be equally rough on fish of other species that have similar coloration. www.cichlidforums.com /showthread/t-9337.html   (1682 words)

Descriptions of the studies The number of eggs that females laid on a conspecific body or on a food plant was counted after both periods. I studied the effect of conspecific encounter rate on female egg laying in the laboratory (II). Egg survival relative to conspecific host’s sex, body size and egg receiving were studied in Andalusia and Catalonia. herkules.oulu.fi /isbn9514269691/html/i251555.html   (912 words)

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