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Topic: Constance of Sicily

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Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor

William III of Sicily

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Roger III of Sicily

List of monarchs of Naples and Sicily

Tancred of Sicily

Martin I of Aragon

Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor

Mary of Sicily

Hugh III of Cyprus

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Yolande of Jerusalem

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	Encyclopedia: Constance of Sicily
		Queen of Sicily, became German Empress as the wife of the The Holy Roman Emperor was, with some variation, the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, the predecessor of modern Germany, during its existence from the 10th century until its collapse in 1806.
		Constance was not betrothed until she was 30, which is unusual for a princess whose marriage was an important bargaining chip.
		Palermo, she gave birth to a son, Frederick (the future Emperor and king of Sicily Frederick II) in the small town of Jesi, near Ancona is a city and a seaport in the Marche, a region of northeastern Italy, population 100,507 (2001).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Constance-of-Sicily (1874 words)

	sicily
		Francis I (of Two Sicilies) (1777-1830), king of the Two Sicilies (1825-30), the son of King Ferdinand I. Francis was viceroy of Sicily from 1812 to 1816 and duke of Calabria from 1817 to 1825.
		Sicily was in Byzantine hands at the time and so Robert and his brother Roger (see Roger I) embarked on a series of campaigns, capturing Messin a in 1061 and Palermo in 1072.
		His daughter Constance married the future Holy Roman emperor Henry VI, and on the death of Roger's grandson William II 1189, Henry inherited the kingdom of Sicily.
	website.lineone.net /~johnbidmead/sicily.htm (2975 words)

	Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		He was also King of Sicily, from 1198 to 1250, where he was raised and lived most of his life (his mother, Constance of Sicily, was the daughter of Roger II of Sicily).
		Frederick's illegitimate son Manfred, King of Sicily, was born in 1231 of Bianca, the daughter of Count Bonifacio Lancia.
		Constance of Sicily (daughter of Roger II of Sicily and Beatrice of Rethel)
	www.variedtastes.com /encyclopedia/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor (3814 words)

	Constance of Aragon - Best of Sicily Magazine
		Her presence in Sicily was the first significant involvement of the Aragonese dynasty with the Kingdom of Sicily, and something that would be remembered during the Vespers uprising in 1282 --following which the Aragonese-Spanish dynasty subsequently ruled Sicily for several centuries.
		Constance was a daughter of King Alfonso II of Aragon and Sanchia of Castile and Leon.
		Constance of Aragon was interred wearing the crown (and several jewelled rings) today displayed in the Treasury, the museum of Palermo Cathedral.
	www.bestofsicily.com /mag/art61.htm (761 words)

	Eran the Shuthelahite - Francis Sinclair
		Constance of Sicily Parents: King Roger of Sicily.
		Princess Costanza Alfonsez of Sicily was born on 18 Jan 1174 in of Aragon, Spain.
		Princess Marguerite of Sicily was born in 1274.
	www.geocities.com /jerry_l.geo/d333.htm (366 words)

	List of monarchs of Naples and Sicily - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Constance of Sicily 1194-1198, married to Henry VI
		Ferdinand IV (III of Sicily) 1759-1806 (continued to reign in Sicily until 1815, when he was restored in Naples as well)
		Ferdinand I (formerly Ferdinand IV of Naples and III of Sicily) 1815-1825
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Naples_and_Sicily (143 words)

	wais:GERMANY: Frederick II of Sicily december 2004
		He was the son of the Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI and Constance of Sicily.
		Frederick also created a new constitution the Kingdom of Sicily that was the first codification of a European state's administrative law since the reign of Justinian in the 6th century.
		Frederick was an enlightened ruler, and oversaw Sicily at the height of its Golden Age.
	www.stanford.edu /group/wais/ztopics/week1208-31-04/germany_041231_frederick11sicily.htm (948 words)

	Council of Constance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Council of Constance was an ecumenical council of the Catholic Church, called by the Emperor Sigismund, a supporter of Antipope John XXIII, the pope recently elected at Pisa.
		Jan Hus, summoned to Constance under a letter of indemnity, was condemned by council and burned at the stake notwithstanding on July 6, 1415.
		However, once two popes, Baldassare Cossa (John XXIII), who fled from Constance on March 20, 1415, and Peter de Luna (Benedict XIII) had been eliminated, the successor to Urban VI was induced to resign, with great care to protect the legitimacy of the succession, ratifying all his acts, a new pontiff was chosen.
	www.kiwipedia.com /council-of-constance.html (679 words)

	Constance of Sicily -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		She was the posthumous daughter of (Click link for more info and facts about Roger II of Sicily) Roger II of Sicily by his third wife Beatrice of Rethel.
		But after his unexpected death in 1189, his cousin (and Constance's grand-nephew) (Norman leader in the First Crusade who played an important role in the capture of Jerusalem (1078-1112)) Tancred seized the throne.
		Later that year he moved south, deposed Tancred's young son (King of England and Scotland and Ireland; he married the daughter of James II and was invited by opponents of James II to invade England; when James fled, William III and Mary II were declared joint monarchs (1650-1702)) William III, and had himself crowned instead.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/co/constance_of_sicily.htm (811 words)

	Frederick_III_of_Sicily
		Frederick III (1272—1337), King of Sicily, was the third son of King Peter III of Aragon and Sicily, and of Constance, daughter of Manfred.
		The war between the Angevins and the Aragonese for the possession of Sicily was still in progress, and although the Aragonese were successful in Italy James’s position in Spain became very insecure to internal troubles and French attacks.
		Unfortunately for Frederick, a part of the Aragonese nobles of Sicily favoured King James, and both John of Procida and Roger of Lauria, the heroes of the war of the Vespers, went over to the Angevins, and the latter completely defeated the Sicilian fleet off Cape Orlando.
	www.tuxedo-shop.com /search.php?title=Frederick_III_of_Sicily (700 words)

	History of Sicily (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		With the intervention of the Greeks in Sicily, the Phoenicians retired themselves in western Sicily, were they had their strongest settlement, which were near the Elimi (Segesta), that were their friends and on whom they could rely upon for help against potential enemies.
		Constance, to make sure that her son Frederick will be raised in Palermo and as a true Sicilian, and that his kingdom will be preserved, had him crowned king in 1197, when he was barely three years old.
		The imbalance that the government was favoring against Sicily, started an exodus from Sicily, which having started in small number before the end of the XIX century, for desperation, due to lack of work, in the years before WW I, more than a million and one half of young people had left the Island.
	home.att.net /~ilsiciliano/page28_history_of_sicily.htm (17668 words)

	Constance on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		On his death, however (1189), the Sicilian nobles, wishing to prevent German rule in Sicily, chose Constance's nephew Tancred of Lecce as William's successor.
		In order to save the throne of Sicily for her infant son Frederick (later Holy Roman emperor as Frederick II), Constance renounced the German kingship for Frederick and had him crowned (1198) king of Sicily.
		Northern Bias in Constance Fenimore Woolson's Rodman the Keeper: Southern Sketches.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/C/ConstancH1R1e.asp (657 words)

	FREDERICK III. - LoveToKnow Article on FREDERICK III. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		(1272-1337), king of Sicily, third son of King Peter of Aragon and Sicily, and of Constance, daughter of Manfred.
		The war between the Angevins and the Aragonese for the possession of Sicily was still in.
		Unfortunately for Frederick, a part of the Aragonese nobles of Sicily favored King James, and both John of Procida and Ruggiero di Lauria, the heroes of the war of the Vespers, went over to the Angevins, and the latter completely defeated the Sicilian fleet off Cape Orlando.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /F/FR/FREDERICK_III_.htm (783 words)

	Frederick II (1194 - 1250, German King, Holy Roman Emperor
		His father Henry VI (son of Barbarossa) had defeated the Normans of Sicily and married Constance, heiress to the kingdom.
		The Germans were resentful, and [Guelf German Emperor] Otto IV tried to conquer Sicily; this was the cause of his quarrel with the Pope.
		By the help of his prime minister, Pietro della Vigna, he promulgated a new legal code, derived from Roman law, and showing a high level of civilisation in his southern dominion; the code was at once translated into Greek, for the benefit of the Greek-speaking inhabitants.
	www.liebreich.com /LDC/HTML/HallOfFame/Frederick/Statesman.html (1298 words)

	New Catholic Dictionary: Frederick II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		He was the son of Henry II and Constance of Sicily.
		He controlled southern Italy and Sicily, though he had been forced to acknowledge the pope as his overlord in the latter.
		His desire of reestablishing the imperial power in northern Italy was opposed by a league of the Italian cities and also by the Holy See, as it endangered the liberties of the Papal States.
	www.catholic-forum.com /Saints/ncd03390.htm (290 words)

	SICILY
		(The treacherous whirlpools and undertoe in the strait inspired the ancient legend of Scylla and Charybdis.) Sicily is a triangular island, bounded on the Southwest by the Mediterrean Sea, on the North by the Tyrrhenian Sea, and on the East by the Ionian Sea.
		Sicily is comprised of nine regions (Agrigento, Caltanissetta, Catania, Enna, Messina, Palermo, Ragusa, Siracusa, and Trapani) and many smaller islands (the Egadi Islands, the Lipari Islands, the Pelagie Islands which include Lampedusa, Pantelleria island, and Ustica island).
		Sicily passed briefly to the house of Savoy (1713) and then to the Austrian Habsburgs (1720), but in 1734, during the War of the Polish Succession, both Sicily and Naples were conquered by the Spanish Bourbon prince Charles.
	www.leonardociampa.com /SicilyArticle.html (3021 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: Travels with a Medieval Queen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Constance is buried in Sicily, which is where Simeti, an American who has lived there for almost 40 years, first learned about her and became fascinated by the mystery surrounding...
		Constance, the last child of the Norman King Roger II of Sicily was an intriguing woman whose personal story teased, eluded and captivated author Mary Taylor Simeti for years, as she states in the pages of this biography-cum-travelogue-cum-personal memoir, but with whom she felt a strange kinship.
		Simeti takes the further leap of relating to Constance as a woman and mother whose hopes, fears, and ambitions for her child were not so different from those of any other mother, despite the yawning chasm of centuries and cultures.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0374278784 (1279 words)

	Frederick II, Holy Roman emperor and German king. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		1194–1250, Holy Roman emperor (1220–50) and German king (1212–20), king of Sicily (1197–1250), and king of Jerusalem (1229–50), son of Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI and of Constance, heiress of Sicily.
		When Henry died (1197), his brother, Philip of Swabia, was unable to hold the German magnates to this election, but in Sicily Constance secured Frederick’s investiture as king from Pope Innocent III.
		Prior to her death (1198) Constance named the pope as Frederick’s guardian; as a child, however, he passed from one Sicilian faction to another.
	www.bartleby.com /65/fr/Fred2HRE.html (1213 words)

	Sicily - Best of Sicily Magazine. People Places Art Fashion Dance Culture Nature Events. All things Sicilian. Published ...
		The last wild horses of Sicily roam the valleys of the Nebrodi Mountains.
		Sicily's defiant novelist was Italy's collective conscience, and his message endures.
		Born in the 15th century, Sicily's first oil painter had a style and technique far ahead of his time.
	www.bestofsicily.com /magazine.htm (793 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Innocent III
		The emperor's widow Constance, who ruled over Sicily for her little son, was unable to cope singly against the Norman barons of the Sicilian Kingdom, who resented the German rule and refused to acknowledge the child-king.
		He also united with the enemies of Frederick II and invaded the Kingdom of Sicily with the purpose of wresting it from the youthful king and from the suzerainty of the pope.
		The election was repeated in presence of a representative of the pope and of Philip Augustus of France at the Diet of Frankfort, 2 December, 1212.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08013a.htm (4264 words)

	Sicily: History
		Interlopers from mainland Greece seized the remainder, and Sicily became a battleground for rival empires.
		Even after Italian unification, Sicily was neglected by the central government, and the island's economic and social problems long remained unattended.
		Sicily was given limited autonomy under the Italian constitution of 1947.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/world/A0861078.html (897 words)

	Carthage Timeline
		Constance of Sicily is betrothed to Henry, heir to the H.R.E. Cyprus breaks from Byzantium.
		Constance renounces the German throne for Frederick and crowns him King of Sicily.
		Manfred, illigitimate son of Frederick II, corwned king of sicily at Palermo.
	www.geocities.com /carrajena/timeline.html (2044 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Frederick II
		German King and Roman Emperor, son of Henry VI and Constance of Sicily; born 26 Dec., 1194; died at Fiorentina, in Apulia, 13 Dec., 1250.
		Frederick had also been obliged to acknowledge the pope as his overlord in Sicily, thus abandoning his father's cherished hopes of uniting Sicily with the imperial crown of Germany, though the attempts of the pope to entirely nullify this "personal union" were far from successful.
		It was his serious intention to carry out his promise to begin his crusade in August, 1227 (under pain of excommunication), but a malignant fever destroyed a great part of his army and prostrated the king himself.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/06255a.htm (2264 words)

	ipedia.com: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Initially he was King of Sicily, from age four.
		His kingdom was held for him by Pope Innocent III after the death of Frederick's mother in 1198 until he was of age.
		The opposing forces were known as the Guelfs (The Lombard League) and the Ghibellins.
	www.ipedia.com /frederick_ii__holy_roman_emperor.html (671 words)

	Krönungsgewänder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		When Roger conquered Sicily in 1133 AD, he was crowned king there and commissioned his royal workshop to make his coronation mantle.
		His wife Constance and his son had to stay in Sicily.
		Frederic II., the son of Henry and Constance, grew up in Sicily and was educated by Muslim Kadis and Latin teachers.
	www.viennatouristguide.at /englkro.htm (1078 words)

	Articles - Normans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Normans should not be confused with other Viking groups, such as the Vikings known as Danes in England and the Vikings known as Varangians in Russia.
		The Normans in Italy, Sicily, and the Mediterranean
		From these bases, more organised principalities were eventually able to capture Sicily and Malta from the Saracens.
	www.lastring.com /articles/Normans (1223 words)

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