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Topic: Constand Viljoen

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	VF - History - General Constand Viljoen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		GENERAL C.L. Constand Laubscher Viljoen was born on 28 October 1933 in Standerton, Mpumalanga Province.
		In 1977 General Viljoen became the Chief of the South African Army and in 1980 the Chief of the South African Defence Force.
		Viljoen retired from active politics and as leader of the Freedom Front in 2001.
	www.vryheidsfront.co.za /english/viljoen.asp (242 words)

	bbefore
		Viljoen, who recently retired from politics, told how indiscipline by right-wing Afrikaners in the field of combat helped avert a plunge by the country into wholesale war.
		Viljoen's men, who sabotaged South African infrastructure such as electricity pylons late in 1993, started infiltrating the homeland to conduct reconnaissance ahead of rumoured ANC 'hard action'.
		Viljoen said the effect that this abortive action had on his thinking was important.
	www.dispatch.co.za /2001/03/26/southafrica/BBEFORE.HTM (489 words)

	FF Leader Moots New Afrikaner Block After Election (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Freedom Front leader Constand Viljoen on Friday mooted a regrouping of political parties to form what he labelled a new Afrikaner block after the June 2 election.
		Viljoen said Afrikaner councils should be used to put into action a comprehensive community plan against crime.
		Viljoen contended that there was a resurgence of what he described as identity politics.
	www.anc.org.za /elections/news/apr/en041707.html (464 words)

	Moes hy opstand deur BKA verhoed? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Viljoen was dus in die posisie waar hy kon bepaal het of die BKA tot opstand sou oorgaan, of nie.
		Viljoen se onderneming van 18 November aan die ANC dat die AVF verbind is tot deelname aan die 1994-verkiesing, was derhalwe 'n herhaling van wat ooreengekom is, hoewel die keersy daarvan deelname aan verkiesing dus, pleks van opstand.
		Viljoen se optrede as leier van die AVF en die BKA is beslis in ooreenstemming met wat in Die Dokument in vooruitsig gestel is.
	www.hnp.org.za /Afrkns/viljoen/viljoen.htm (1718 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		General Constand Viljoen, 65, is a military man, beginning his career in the South African Defense Force in 1956.
		In 1980, Viljoen became Chief of the Defense Force, retiring five years later.
		In the early 90's Viljoen led right-wing Afrikaner groups that broke with National Party over party's negotiating end to apartheid.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/bb/africa/jan-june99/safrica_candidates/viljoen_ff.html (124 words)

	SAPA - 26 Jun 98 - CONSTAND VILJOEN SAYS CHEMICAL PROGRAMME BENEFICIAL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Viljoen criticised truth body chairman Archbishop Desmond Tutu, saying the hearings were another instance of TRC bias against the Afrikaner people.
		Viljoen said it was untrue to portray, as the TRC hearings had, the programme as "being devised mainly for the purpose of hitsquads using chemical and biological agents in this regard."
		Viljoen said his involvement in the project stemmed from 1983 when he had asked scientists to produce a crowd control gas "that will calm people down, make them friendly, if at all possible" to avoid "another Sharpeville where my forces would have to kill people to bring them under control".
	www.doj.gov.za /trc/media/1998/9806/s980626d.htm (610 words)

	Freedom of Expression News from SA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Viljoen's supporters were roaming the streets of Oudtshoornand threatened to take the law into their own hands.
		Viljoen tore down one of the posters and threw it away in full view of a radio station.
		She said Viljoen had shown precisely why the play should be seen, as the message was that politicians needed a sense of humour.
	fxi.org.za /archives/weekrep/2000/30-3-2000.0.htm (1374 words)

	FF Leader Offers To Resign (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Viljoen told reporters at the election results centre in Pretoria he would consult fellow-Afrikaners on his future, and make a decision by the end of August.
		Viljoen said the FF's provisional ballot count of about 125000, did not influence the importance the party attached to the concept of self-determination - which he described as a conflict prevention mechanism for South Africa.
		Viljoen congratulated parties which had performed well, including the African National Congress, and urged them to always serve the best interests of the country.
	www.anc.org.za /elections/news/en060705.html (354 words)

	IOL: Will Constand Viljoen stick to his guns?
		Freedom Front leader Constand Viljoen has vowed to leave the country if he has to surrender some of his weapons, as required by the strict new firearms law, which allows only two weapons - a handgun and a shotgun - for self-defence.
		Viljoen is widely credited for his peace-making role during negotiations leading to the democratic dispensation and was praised by former president Nelson Mandela for the role he played then.
		Viljoen seemed to accept these remarks in the spirit they were tendered.
	www.iol.co.za /general/newsprint.php3?art_id=ct2000052421221384g512119 (730 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It was suggested in cross-examination of General Viljoen by one of the counsel that the Afrikaner Volksfront saw in Bophuthatswana a possible "Volkstaat" and that this was the agenda that lay behind its support for President Mangope.
		General Viljoen was sufficiently realistic to appreciate that the era of apartheid was over and that the demise of the homelands was imminent.
		The agreement by General Viljoen and the Afrikaner Volksfront to assist was, in the Commission's view, a contributing element in that blunder.
	www.polity.org.za /html/govdocs/commissions/1998/tebbutt/tebbutt7.html (4886 words)

	Viljoen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Viljoen said South Africa came close to all-out civil war shortly
		Mangope told Viljoen that the ANC and its armed wing were
		Viljoen said the effect that this abortive action had on his
	www.sabinet.co.za /newsletter/dummy4/viljoen.html (462 words)

	South African white separatist finds his inspiration in Quebec (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Viljoen's Freedom Front party has been demanding a "volkstaat" where white Afrikaners can live in isolated peace -- their language and culture safely protected from fl domination.
		Viljoen was part of a South African delegation that visited Toronto in 1995 for a conference on constitutional development.
		Viljoen had foreign correspondents furrowing their brows as he claimed Afrikaners have been put into "bondage" by the African National Congress and that the ANC had planted fl activists into a rural Afrikaner school to provoke race riots.
	www.vigile.net /99mai/postafrikaners.html (636 words)

	gaberone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Viljoen said there were other ANC targets in Gaberone but that, because of the high risk of casualties on the Botswana side, the SADF had decided not to act against them during this operation.
		Viljoen hoped the operation had been in time, because it was not known how many ANC teams had infiltrated South Africa from Botswana and had been controlled from the targets attacked in the operation.
		Viljoen said some of the targets had been involved in providing instant training or "crash courses" for ANC terrorists, which was a new feature.
	home.wanadoo.nl /rhodesia/gaberone.htm (3442 words)

	aelect1
		PRETORIA -- A home-made bomb marked for Freedom Front leader Constand Viljoen was yesterday found outside the home of Gauteng Freedom Front leader Joseph Chiole.
		Viljoen said Chiole found the package outside the front door to his Elardus Park home early yesterday.
		He took it to Viljoen's home in Monument Park under the impression it was a gift.
	www.dispatch.co.za /1999/05/26/southafrica/AELECT1.HTM (129 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Africa \| Terreblanche: Full of sound and fury
		About the same time, much of the AWB's political thunder was stolen by Constand Viljoen - a former head of the South African Defence Force who had left the political establishment after he felt it was drifting leftwards.
		The quietly-spoken General Viljoen became the respectable face of the far right, preaching segregation rather than supremacism, and prepared to enter negotiations with the ANC over the possibility of setting up a small autonomous Afrikaner homeland.
		The general's pragmatic approach won the support of right-wingers who were embarrassed by the antics of Terreblanche and others, and who were fast coming to terms with the fact that continued white domination of South Africa was a practical impossibility.
	news2.thdo.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/africa/696173.stm (900 words)

	Andrew Maykuth Online \| maykuth.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The farm project was initially proposed by Gen. Constand Viljoen, who heads the rightist Freedom Front political party.
		Viljoen and Mandela are said to be very close.
		It was Viljoen who persuaded the president to support the project.
	www.maykuth.com /Africa/trek213.htm (1349 words)

	Sunday Times - insight - 02 Apr 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		RAIN across South Africa continues to hamper efforts to airlift much-needed supplies of emergency humour to General Constand Viljoen, the Freedom Front leader who is in grave danger of collapsing under the weight of his own self-importance.
		Initially, it was presumed that Viljoen's objections to the poster concerned the fact that it depicted him in the company of persons of less than savoury character, one a businessman turned politician, the other a former policeman and failed poet turned convict.
		A further indication of Viljoen's quandary was evident in the furtive telephone call he tried to make to Luyt to "consult" on the matter.
	www.suntimes.co.za /2000/04/02/insight/in04.htm (781 words)

	Carte Blanche (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		General Constand Viljoen: “The ANC, in the 80s, realised they were not in a position to win a military struggle.
		General Constand Viljoen: “If the people in the country are satisfied with government, then generally they find it easy to live with that government.
		General Constand Viljoen: “What we should do is to concentrate on hard work, economic upliftment, the rebuilding of South Africa and the whole region and the whole of Africa.
	www.carteblanche.co.za /Display/Display.asp?Id=1768 (2796 words)

	Evolution of the White Right - 'Volk' Faith and Fatherland, The Security Threat Posed by the White Right - Monograph No ...
		Viljoen felt that sections of the white right were too undisciplined, and the white right too divided, to shape it into a credible and effective fighting force.
		Viljoen’s decision was not welcomed by the extreme right which interpreted it as a betrayal of their cause.
		Viljoen’s pre-election declaration that a third to a half of Afrikaners had to vote for the Freedom Front to prove sufficient support for a volkstaat, was thus realised—especially at regional level.
	www.iss.co.za /Pubs/Monographs/No81/Chap2.html (7253 words)

	The Namibian
		Viljoen, PW among the villains of Cassinga: TRC
		THE Truth and Reconciliation has blamed former South African army chief Lieutenant General Constand Viljoen, former air force chief R H Rodgers, and their political masters - the late prime minister John Vorster and defence minister P W Botha - for the Cassinga massacre of 1978, in which over 600 people are estimated died.
		By this time Viljoen, the chief of the army, had been taken into the battlefield area aboard a Puma helicopter to be shown the work of General Ian Gleeson (101 Task Force), Colonel Blackie de Swardt (SAAF) and Colonel Giep Booysen (SA Medical Services) who planned and supervised the execution of the operation.
	www.namibian.com.na /Netstories/November98/cassinga.html (1489 words)

	SAPA - 27 Jan 98 - LAUGHABLE TO SAY AFRIKANER FEELS PROTECTED: CONSTAND VILJOEN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It was laughable to suggest Afrikaners felt protected in the new South Africa, Freedom Front leader Constand Viljoen said on Tuesday.
		This was disputed by Viljoen, who said Mamoepa's assertions were "untrue and laughable".
		Viljoen rebuked Mamoepa for saying Botha was using the Afrikaner cause for his own political purposes.
	www.doj.gov.za /trc/media/1998/9801/s980127a.htm (338 words)

	Viljoen Calls For Afrikaner Bloc Against ANC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Freedom Front leader General Constand Viljoen on Thursday lashed out at political parties trying to splinter the Afrikaner vote and called for an Afrikaner bloc to oppose the African National Congress in the June election.
		Speaking at an election meeting in the Northern Cape town of Vanderkloof, not far from the Afrikaner settlement of Orania, Viljoen called on all parties supporting Afrikaner self-determination to stand together.
		Viljoen was critical of Federal Alliance leader Louis Luyt.
	www.anc.org.za /elections/news/apr/en042306.html (241 words)

	Star - Seeds of violence are buried in real fears
		These men were members of a much greater force that Viljoen and his "directorate of generals" had mobilised clandestinely in 1993 because they felt that former state president F W de Klerk was selling out the Afrikaner.
		Viljoen told me in an interview last year that he had mobilised a countrywide force of former soldiers, commando members and farmers.
		Towards the end of 1993 and early 1994, Viljoen's men committed limited acts of sabotage to warn the negotiators of the ANC and the government to take them seriously.
	www.thestar.co.za /index.php?fSectionId=129&fArticleId=12481 (988 words)

	AllRefer.com - South Africa - Freedom Front - Other Political Parties \| South African Information Resource
		It is a successor to the Afrikaner Volksfront (AVF), which was founded by General Constand Viljoen, who had also served as chief of the South African Defence Force (SADF) until November 1985.
		Viljoen emerged from retirement in 1991 to lead a group of right-wing former generals in forming an alliance of Afr ikaner parties.
		Their refusal to participate in the nation's first nonracial elections weakened the movement, and in March 1994 General Viljoen and his allies broke away to form the FF.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/south-africa/south-africa112.html (1441 words)

	State to appeal against Basson ruling
		They included former defence minister Magnus Malan and retired chief of the old SA Defence Force (SADF) Constand Viljoen, who is also the previous leader of the Freedom Front.
		Viljoen said he had always believed in Basson.
		The judgment proved that South African courts were still independent, Viljoen said, adding that the case against Basson amounted to mere propaganda.
	www.news24.com /News24/AnanziArticle/0,6935,2-1659_1167160,00.html (662 words)

	South Africa's political parties - SouthAfrica.info
		The Freedom Front was formed in 1993 by Constand Viljoen, the former chief of the SA Defence Force.
		Viljoen came out of retirement to lead a group of Afrikaners who wanted to form a political party.
		As head of the Afrikaner Volksfront, Viljoen was instrumental in convincing conservative Afrikaners to participate in the new dispensation, through which, he argued, the issue of self determination should be taken up.
	www.safrica.info /ess_info/sa_glance/constitution/polparties.htm (2932 words)

	Freedom Alliance badly shaken in Bop fallout
		Viljoen's move fractured the white-supremacist Conservative Party, which dominates the AVF and its Volksraad or “Volkstaat Parliament”.
		On March 5, Viljoen was howled down at a meeting of the Volksraad and his proposal that the AVF participate in the elections through the FF was defeated 73 votes to 20.
		With the entrance of Viljoen's party into the race, it is estimated that the NP may lose up to a third of its vote, reducing its likely representation in the post-April cabinet of the government of national unity.
	www.greenleft.org.au /back/1994/136/136p15.htm (1066 words)

	tp6_37
		Bruwer, and the ANC’s Thabo Mbeki and Jacob Zuma was held in Pretoria
		Viljoen insisted that the ANC incorporate the principle of self-
		General Constand Viljoen, in an interview with the author.
	home.intekom.com /southafricanhistoryonline/pages/chronology/turningpoints/book6/tp6_37.html (427 words)

	iafrica.com \| news \| sa news \| Analysts dismiss rightwing threat
		Former Freedom Front leader General Constand Viljoen said he did not rate the threat as serious.
		However, Viljoen, who retired from politics in 1999 and is now tending his farm, said the Afrikaner was dissatisfied under the current dispensation.
		Stopping to say that the Afrikaner community was too riven to speak with one voice, Viljoen said Afrikaners were being ignored.
	iafrica.com /news/sa/34629.htm (908 words)

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