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	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, page 831 (v. 1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Constantine was besieged by Sarus in Vienna, now Vienne in Dauphine ; but, assisted by the skill of Edobincus and especially Gerontius, the successors of Justinian and Nervigastes in the command of the army, he defeated the besiegers, and drove them back beyond the Alps.
		Constans, the son of Constantine, was taken prisoner at Vienna, and put to death, and his father shut himself up in Aries, where he was besieged by Gerontius.
		Constantine and his second son Julian were sent to Italy; but Honorius did not keep the promise made by his general, and both the captives were put to death.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /smith-bio/0840.html (426 words)

	Constans II
		Constans II Heraclius Pogonatus was Byzantine emperor from 641-668.
		He was the son of Constantine III, and due to the rumours that Heraclonas and Martina had poisoned Constantine III he was named co-emperor in 641.
		Constans sent a fleet to attack the Arabs at Finike in 655, but was defeated; the Arabs were preparing to attack Constantinople when civil war broke out.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/co/Constans_II.html (160 words)

	CONSTANS II. The Columbia Encyclopedia: Sixth Edition. 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		(Constans Pogonatus), 630–68, Byzantine emperor (641–68), son and successor of Constantine III and grandson of Heraclius I. Early in his reign Armenia and Asia Minor were invaded by the Muslims, who challenged Byzantine supremacy at sea, took Cyprus, and threatened Sicily and Constantinople.
		Constans campaigned (658) in the Balkans against the Slavs, and in 662 he moved to Italy, with the purpose of establishing his capital at Rome, but fought with little result against the Lombards and finally settled (663) at Syracuse.
		Constans extended the administrative reorganization of the empire begun by Heraclius.
	www.bartleby.com /aol/65/co/Constans2.html (151 words)

	ConstansOV
		Constantine II led an army against his younger brother while he was away on a military campaign but was surprisingly defeated by a small force urgently dispatched from Constans' main army to slow down the invaders progress.
		Constans was briefly engaged to Olympias, the daughter of a Praetorian Prefect but the marriage was continually postponed for political reasons and also because of his homosexual activities.
		Constans was caught unaware (while on a hunting expedition) and took refuge in a temple at the town of Helena at the base of the Pyrenees but was put to death by a band of Magnentius' assassins who dragged him from the temple and killed him on the spot.
	www.xs4all.nl /~sp88k/Coin/Traveler/Overviews/ConstansOV.htm (634 words)

	Roman Emperors DIR Heraclonas
		Constans II, son of Heraclius Constantine and Gregoria, was born in Constantinople on November 7, 630.
		Constans' body was eventually returned to Constantinople, perhaps by his son Constantine IV, for burial in the Church of the Holy Apostles.
		With the assassination of Constans II at the age of thirty-seven, Constantine IV became emperor.
	www.roman-emperors.org /Constan2.htm (1142 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Constantine the Great
		Constantine increased the severity of the earlier law forbidding the concubinage of a free woman with a slave, and the Church did not regard this measure with disfavour.
		Constantine was liberal to prodigality, was generous in almsgiving, and adorned the Christian churches magnificently.
		Of Constantine's sons the eldest, Constantine II, showed decided leanings to heathenism, and his coins bear many pagan emblems; the second and favourite son, Constantius, was a more pronounced Christian, but it was Arian Christianity to which he adhered.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/04295c.htm (5910 words)

	Constantine the Great, c.274-337
		The Roman emperor, Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus, or Constantine I, was born at Naissus, in Upper Moesia.
		Constantine joined his father, who ruled in the west, at Boulogne on the expedition against the Picts, and before Constantinus died (306) he proclaimed his son his successor.
		Constantine was now sole emperor of the west; and by the death of Galerius in 311 and of Maximin in 313, Licinius became sole emperor of the east.
	www.historyguide.org /ancient/constantine.html (515 words)

	Constans II - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Constans' sons Constantine, Herakleios, and Tiberios had been associated on the throne since the 650s.
		However, having attracted the hatred of citizens of Constantinople, Constans decided to leave the capital and to move to Syracuse in Sicily.
		However, the latter resisted and Constans withdrew to Naples, while part of his army was destroyed by the Beneventani at Forino, between Avellino and Salerno (other source tells the battle was near Calore River, an afflunet of the river Volturno and the Commander was Mitolas, count of Capua) on 8 may 663 AD,.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Constans_II (989 words)

	THE EMPEROR MAGNENTIUS: HIS LIFE AND COINAGE
		Constantine II had the western provinces, Constans was assigned Pannonia, Africa and Italy and Constantius II the East.
		Constans asserted himself by winning a victory over the Sarmatians in about 338 (assuming the title Sarmaticus) and in 339, to probably enlist the support of Constantius II, Constans surrendered Thrace and the city of Constantinople to his brother.
		Constans may also have negotiated a treaty with the barbarians that required a system of patrols to ensure the frontier was being properly maintained.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Parthenon/7094/magn1.html (3094 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Constans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Constantine II 316-40, Roman emperor, son of Constantine I. When the empire was divided at the death (337) of Constantine I, among the brothers Constantius II, Constans I, and Constantine II, Constantine II received Britain, Gaul, and Spain.
		Constantius II 317-61, Roman emperor, son of Constantine I. When the empire was divided (337) at the death of Constantine, Constantius II was given rule over Asia Minor, Syria, and Egypt, while his brothers, Constans I and Constantine II, received other portions.
		She was the wife of Constantine I, the daughter of Maximian, and the mother of Constantine II, Constantius II, and Constans I. It is said that she was put to death by Constantine I when she falsely accused Crispus, Constantine's son by his
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Constans (614 words)

	Constantine the Great - OrthodoxWiki
		Constantine was well educated and served at the court of Diocletian in Nicomedia as a kind of hostage after the appointment of his father Constantius, a general, as one of the two Caesars (at that time a junior emperor), in the Tetrarchy in 293.
		Though the document called the "Donation of Constantine" was proved a forgery (though not until the 15th century, when the stories of Constantine's conversion were long-established "facts") it was attributed as documenting the conversion of the Roman Empire to Christianity for centuries.
		He was succeeded by his three sons, Constantine II, Constantius II and Constans, who secured their hold on the empire with the murder of a number of relatives and supporters of Constantine.
	orthodoxwiki.org /Constantine_the_Great (1417 words)

	CHURCH FATHERS: Ecclesiastical History, Book IX (Sozomen)
		Constantine passed over from Britain to Bononia, a maritime city of Gaul; and after inducing all the troops in Gaul and Aquitania to espouse his cause, he reduced to obedience the inhabitants of the regions extending to the mountains which divide Italy from Gaul, and which the Romans have named the Cottian Alps.
		This precaution was probably afterwards the cause of the ruin of the country; for when Constantine was deprived of his power, the barbarous races of the Vandals, Suevi, and Alani took confidence and conquered the road, and took possession of many forts and cities in Spain and Gaul, and arrested the officers of the tyrant.
		Constantine fled and seized Arles, and Constans, his son, hastened from Spain, and sought refuge in the same city.
	www.newadvent.org /fathers/26029.htm (6117 words)

	ANTIQUANOVA MINT - R5 Constans II and Constantine IV, Miliarense of "Ceremonial silver coinage" (silver ...
		Constans Heraclius, known in English as Constans II, (November 7, 630–September 15, 668) was Byzantine emperor from 641 to 668.
		Constans sent a fleet to attack the Arabs at Finike in 655, but was defeated; the Arabs were preparing to attack Constantinople, but didn't carry out the plan when civil war with the Shiites broke out among them.
		In 681, Constantine was forced to acknowledge the new Bulgarian Empire in the Balkans after having suffered a disastrous defeat in 680.
	www.antiquanova.com /R5.htm (458 words)

	1.2.2.8.1 Constantine II & Constans
		Constantine II, eldest son of Constantine and Fausta, was made Caesar in 317.
		Constans, youngest son of Constantine, became Caesar in 333 and received Italy, Africa and the Balkans as his share of the empire.
		Constans then ruled half the empire for the next decade, visiting Britain in 343, but in 350, while enjoying a hunting expedition, he was overthrown by his general Magnentius.
	www.classicalcoins.com /page62.html (183 words)

	Encyclopaedia of the Celts: Conor Mac Nessa - Cotsworth, Moses
		Constantine landed in Gaul and established himself at Arles, his son Constans leaving a monastery to join him, just as, according to Geoffrey 'Constans, son of Constantine, left his monastery to become King of Britain' (See CONSTANS).
		Constantine, however, like Maximus, was led on to intervene unsuccessfully and fatally in Italy itself, and he was compelled to surrender with another of his sons to the forces of Honorius, and both suffered execution in the summer of AD 411.
		Cormac Connlonges (con'lung yes) Son of (Conchobar) Conor mac Nessa who went into voluntary exile in Connacht after the killing of the sons of Usnech, for whom he was one of the sureties; rallies to Maev's foray against Ulster.
	www.isle-of-skye.org.uk /celtic-encyclopaedia/celt_c5b.htm (2068 words)

	Church Fathers Volume 25
		Constantine passed over from Britain to Bononia, a maritime city of Gaul; and after inducing all the troops in Gaul and Aquitania to espouse his cause, he reduced to obedience l the inhabitants of the regions extending to the mountains which divide Italy from Gaul, and which the Romans have named the Cottian Alps.
		Constantine fled and seized Aries, and Constans, his son, hastened from Spain, and sought refuge in the same city.
		As soon as Constantine heard of the usurpation of Maximus, he sent one of his generals, named Edovicus, beyond the Rhine, to levy an army of Franks and Alemanni; and he sent his son Constans to guard Vienna and the neighboring towns.
	www.catholicfirst.com /thefaith/churchfathers/volume25/sozomen2509.cfm (5829 words)

	Constantine II - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		(317-340), son of Constantine the Great, Roman emperor (337-340), was born at Arelate (Arles) in February 317.
		On the 9th of September in the same year he assumed the title of Augustus, together with his brothers Constans and Constantius, and in 338 a meeting was held at Viminiacum, on the borders of Pannonia, to arrange the distribution of the empire.
		Constans, an ambitious youth encouraged by intriguing advisers, declined to submit; and Constantine, jealous of his prerogatives and dissatisfied with his share in the empire, demanded from Constans the cession of Africa and equal authority in Italy.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Constantine_II (295 words)

	Constans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Constans Emperor A. Constans was the youngest son of Constantine I and his second wife Fausta.
		Constantine II led an army against his younger brother but was soundly defeated in a battle near the northern Italian city of Aquileia.
		Constans was caught unawares and took refuge at the fortress of Helena at the base of the Pyrenees but was killed by one of Magnentius' agents.
	users2.ev1.net /~legionary/mainevent/coins/Constans.html (248 words)

	Constantine II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Constantine II was born at Arelate, the son of Constantine and Fausta.
		The fact of Constantine II being made consul, too young even to be able to sign his own name yet, did much to support Licinius' accusation that Constantine was seeking to advance his sons at the expense of Licinius' son.
		Was the reason for the murder of their cousins not have to share territory with them, then Constantine II failed to secure any additional territory for himself, remaining in control of only Britain, Gaul and Spain, though he, the eldest among the brothers, was acknowledged as the senior Augustus by the other two.
	www.roman-empire.net /collapse/constantine-II.html (662 words)

	Constans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Constans was born in about AD 320, as the son of Constantine and Fausta.
		In AD 337 Constantine died and Constans became joint emperor with his two brothers, Constantine II and Constantius II, after they had agreed to execute the other two heirs and nephews of Constantine, Dalmatius and Hannibalianus.
		Had the 'Nicene Creed under their father Constantine defined the Christian branch of Arianism as heresy, then Constantius II was effectively a follower of this form of Christianity, whereas Constans oppressed it in accordance to his father's wishes.
	www.roman-empire.net /collapse/constans.html (487 words)

	Roman Emperors - DIR Constans I
		Flavius Julius Constans, third and youngest son of Constantine I and Fausta, was born between 320 and 323 A.D. Primary sources for the life and reign of Constans I are scarce.
		Shortly before his father's death, Constans' engagement to Olympias, the daughter of the Praetorian Prefect Ablabius, was announced; although the match was never solemnized because of political reasons.
		Constans' birthdate is calculated by counting backwards from his age at the time of his death.
	www.roman-emperors.org /consi.htm (1244 words)

	Coins of the Byzantine Empire
		Constantine's gold coinage is innovative in its association of the emperor and his heir with the founder of the dynasty, Constantine's father Leo III.
		Constantine smashed the fledgling Bulgar state and capitalized on the civil war among the Muslims to push back the Arabs on land and sea.
		He was succeeded by his son Leo IV, known as "The Khazar" due to his mother, Irene's, being a Khazar princess.
	www.wegm.com /coins/constantinev.htm (635 words)

	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, page 265 (v. 2) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		When Constans, son of Constantine, whom his father had sent to subdue Spain, returned, after effecting the subjugation of that country, to his father in Gaul, he left Gerontius to guard the passes of the Pyrenees.
		The insurgents had driven Constans out of Spain, where Gerontius had declared his friend (or perhaps his servant) Maximus emperor, and left him at Tarragona; and Constans being taken at Vienna (Vienne), was slain by order of Gerontius, and Constantine himself was besieged by Gerontius in Aries.
		His revolt, by preventing Constantine from holding the barba rians in check, led to the assumption of indepen dence in self-defence by the Britons and Armoricans.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /smith-bio/1373.html (926 words)

	[No title]
		Constantine (Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus) was the oldest son of Constantinus Chlorus and Helena.
		Constantine was baptized on his deathbed shortly before he passed away.
		Constantine II died in a war with Constans in 340.
	www.bitsofhistory.com /ace/contest_lots/Essay/lot31.doc (321 words)

	The Conversion of Constantine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Constantine was the son of Constantius Chlorus, the Caesar of Maximianus, Augustus in the West.
		There is no reason to think that Constantine was insincere or cynical in any of this; he probably though that one or another of these gods would help him in his political struggles.
		Clearly, Constantine did not fully understand the import of this experience, but he appears to have put some symbol on the armament of his soldiers that was, at least later, interpreted as a sign of Christ.
	isthmia.osu.edu /teg/50501/6.htm (483 words)

	RULERS OF BYZANTIUM (RŌMANIA)
		Son of Leōn III; co-ruler 720; in exile 741–743
		Son of Mikhaēl III by Eudokia wife of Basileios I; co-ruler 870
		Son of Andronikos Angelos son of Kōnstantinos by Theodōra daughter of Alexios I; deposed and blinded by brother Alexios III
	www-personal.umich.edu /~imladjov/ByzantineRulers.htm (1817 words)

	Coins of Constantine II, Constantius II & Constans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Constans was only 10 when proclaimed Caesar by his father on Christmas of 333, and was placed as ruler of Italy in 335.
		Constans was baptised in 337, and was firmly orthodox (Catholic).
		Constans was the last legitimate emperor to visit Britain, in 343 to battle the Picts and Scots.
	www.ruark.org /coins/Roman/6Constantinian/Consxx.html (1008 words)

	Old St. Peters in the Vatican
		Constantine's eastern churches (and a few in the west) might be circular or octagonal, but the main pattern in the west, and especially around Rome was an adaptation of the Roman civil basilica.
		Constantine's statue in his civil basilica in the Roman Forum was almost twice as big -- the head and odd bits of limbs are now in a courtyard at the Capitoline Museum.
		Constantine had inherited that incomplete civil basilica, in the center of town, from his defeated predecessor Maxentius and then finished it in grand style.
	www.mmdtkw.org /VOldStPeters.html (3237 words)

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