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Topic: Constant

	Constant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Constants are by convention usually denoted by lower-case letters from the beginning of the English alphabet, such as a, b, and c.
		In a polynomial (or a generalisation of a polynomial, such as a Taylor series or Fourier expansion), the constant term is associated to the exponent zero.
		A number that is constant in one place may be a variable in another.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Constant (549 words)

	Mathematical constant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A mathematical constant is a quantity, usually a real number or a complex number, that arises naturally in mathematics and does not change.
		Therefore, f(1)/f(0) is a mathematical constant, the constant e.
		Mathematical constants that one can talk about are definable numbers (and almost always also computable).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mathematical_constant (362 words)

	BOMB Magazine: Constant by Linda Boersma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Constant's New Babylon project, which he worked on almost continuously from the middle of the 1950s up to the end of the '60s, has attracted renewed interest over the last few years.
		Constant's interest in architecture and urban development began early in the 1950s when all over Europe cities damaged during the war were being rebuilt.
		Constant addressed himself to the rational, monotonous functionalism then being utilized that he maintained would limit a free and creative life.
	www.bombsite.com /constant/constant.html (603 words)

	Chaitin's Constant Encyclopedia Article, Information, History and Biography @ ArtisticNudity.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In the computer science subfield of algorithmic information theory the Chaitin constant or halting probability is a construction by Gregory Chaitin which describes the probability that a randomly generated program for a given model of computation or programming language will halt.
		(The constant N heavily depends on the encoding choices and does not reflect the complexity of the axiomatic system in any way.) This is an incompleteness result akin to Gödel's incompleteness theorem and Chaitin's own result mentioned under algorithmic information theory.
		Chaitin's constant is uncompressible (others may say irreducible, or algorithmically random).
	www.artisticnudity.com /encyclopedia/Chaitin%27s_constant (783 words)

	EMMANUEL CONSTANT
		Constant came to world attention at the height of the coup regime, on October 10, 1993, when the US sent a ship with a cargo of 200 soldiers to help restore the exiled President Aristide to power.
		Constant was held in the U. for extradition for over a year but was later released because, according to U. S officials, Haitian courts could not handle his return.
		Constant, our city, this state, and indeed the world must know that the laws and policies of the United States are intended to provide protection for people fleeing from persecution and not shield people who are persecutors." Mitchell Cohen of the Green Party of New York also supported the resolution.
	www.geocities.com /~virtualtruth/constant.htm (3258 words)

	VM Spec Constant Pool Resolution
		Constant pool entries that are referenced from other constant pool entries are resolved when the referring entry is resolved.
		A given constant pool entry may be referred to from any number of Java Virtual Machine instructions or other constant pool entries; thus, constant pool resolution can be attempted on a constant pool entry that is already resolved.
		Constant pool resolution is normally initiated by the execution of a Java Virtual Machine instruction that references the constant pool.
	java.sun.com /docs/books/vmspec/html/ConstantPool.doc.html (3492 words)

	Dielectric Constant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The dielectric constant of snow (es) is comprised of an imaginary part, which is directly related to wetness (W), and a real part which is a function of the density (r) as well as the wetness.
		By using a dielecric constant that is relative to that in a real vacuum (the dielectric constant of air is not significantly different than that of a vacuum), a simple relationship between the complex refractive index and the complex dielectric constant can be assumed.
		The dielectric constant of a water molecule is dominated by the reorientation of the molecule due to its large dipole moment.
	www.civil.utah.edu /~cv5450/dielectric_const.html (433 words)

	Legal - Constant touch communications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Constant Touch Communications, Inc. reserves the right to terminate your Service should you tamper with the Device, leaving you responsible for the full month's charges to the end of the current term, including without limitation unbilled charges, plus a disconnect fee, all of which immediately become due and payable.
		Constant Touch Communications, Inc. relies on third parties for the forwarding of information underlying such routing, and accordingly Constant Touch Communications, Inc. and its third party provider(s) disclaim any and all liability or responsibility in the event such information or routing is incorrect.
		Constant Touch Communications, Inc. may recover these amounts by means of a per-call charge, rounded up to the next cent, or in such other fashion as Constant Touch Communications, Inc. deems appropriate for the recovery of these costs.
	www.constanttouch.com /legal.htm (4731 words)

	Lynne Duke, Wanted Haitian's Quiet Life in U.S. Draws Criticism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Constant is one of Haiti's most-wanted men, an alleged death-squad leader implicated in at least 50 killings but living in the United States with apparent impunity.
		Constant and the rest of the old military junta are to be tried, albeit in absentia, for murder and torture.
		Constant's rare status is shared in only one other case: that of six Irish Republican Army men whose deportation proceedings were suspended in 1997 because of State Department concerns for the Irish peace process, INS officials said.
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/43a/189.html (1545 words)

	Handbook of Texas Online: CONSTANT, BENJAMIN
		Benjamin Constant was born Henri Benjamin Constant de Rebècque in November 1767 to Louis Arnold Juste de Constant and Henriette Pauline Chandieu in Lausanne, Switzerland, where his Protestant family had been exiled from France upon the revocation of the Edict of Nantes.
		Constant went into hiding but emerged to have an interview with the former emperor, who persuaded him to prepare a liberal revision of the constitution: L'Acte additionnel aux constitution de l'Empire.
		After losing the Minerva in 1818, Constant was elected to the Chamber of Deputies for the next twelve years-the forum from which he continued to fight for freedom of the press-and his enemies questioned his citizenship.
	www.tsha.utexas.edu /handbook/online/articles/view/CC/fcosz.html (521 words)

	constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
		The use of all caps for constant names is merely a convention, although it is recommended in order to make constants stand out and to help avoid collisions with other barewords, keywords, and subroutine names.
		As of version 5.004 of Perl, the appropriate scalar constant is inserted directly in place of some subroutine calls, thereby saving the overhead of a subroutine call.
		Unlike constants in some languages, these cannot be overridden on the command line or via environment variables.
	www.perl.com /doc/manual/html/lib/constant.html (741 words)

	constants
		Constants that aren't dimensionless can be regarded as relating one sort of unit to another.
		The electromagnetic coupling constant is just another name for the fine structure constant; it describes the strength of the electromagnetic field.
		Instead of the electromagnetic coupling constant together with the masses of the W, Z, and Higgs, we could have used 4 other constants: the U(1) coupling constant, the SU(2) coupling constant, the mass of the Higgs, and the expectation value of the Higgs field.
	math.ucr.edu /home/baez/constants.html (1705 words)

	constant vzw: Association for Arts and Media
		CONSTANT is a Brussels association founded in 1997 with the objective of promoting, to the public and among artists, creative and/or critical works using new media in dialogue with other forms of expression.
		To do this, Constant organises exhibitions, conferences, workshops, publishes texts, with a view to developing the current media discourse.
		Constant also works at bringing together artists and the public during debates, conferences and workshops.
	www.constantvzw.com /constant/consten.html (203 words)

	New Scientist Breaking News - Speed of light may have changed recently (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The speed of light is inversely proportional to alpha, and though alpha also depends on two other constants (see graphic), many physicists tend to interpret a change in alpha as a change in the speed of light.
		That translates into a very small increase in the speed of light (assuming no change in the other constants that alpha depends on), but Lamoreaux's new analysis is so precise that he can rule out the possibility of zero change in the speed of light.
		Variable "constants" would also open the door to theories that used to be off limits, such as those which break the laws of conservation of energy.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=dn6092 (1411 words)

	PHP: Constants - Manual
		Constants and (global) variables are in a different namespace.
		It is possible to define constants that have the same name as a built-in PHP keyword, although subsequent attempts to actually use these constants will cause a parse error.
		When you define a constant, it becomes fixed at that point and is immutable.
	www.php.net /manual/en/language.constants.php (1854 words)

	Francois Emmanuel "Toto" Constant
		Constant made with various agencies of the U.S. government when he was released.
		Constant heads the Haitian paramilitary organization which is responsible for the wave of terror which resulted in murder, maiming, rape, and interrogation of countless thousands of Haitians during the coup regime which toppled the democratically elected government of President Jean-Bertrand Aristide in 1991,
		Constant, our city, this state, and indeed the world must know that the laws and policies of the United States are intended to provide protection for people fleeing from persecution and not shield people who are persecutors.
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/43a/185.html (3038 words)

	[No title]
		It is possible to define constant values on a per-class basis remaining the same and unchangeable.
		Constants differ from normal variables in that you don't use the
		The value must be a constant expression, not (for example) a variable, a class member, result of a mathematical operation or a function call.
	www.zend.com /manual/language.oop5.constants.php (136 words)

	constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
		Dereferencing constant references incorrectly (such as using an array subscript on a constant hash reference, or vice versa) will be trapped at compile time.
		It is not possible to have a subroutine or keyword with the same name as a constant in the same package.
		Even though a reference may be declared as a constant, the reference may point to data which may be changed, as this code shows.
	www.xav.com /perl/lib/constant.html (870 words)

	Einstein \| American Museum of Natural History
		Surprisingly, the answer has nothing to do with the actual speed of light, which is 300,000 kilometers per second (186,000 miles per second) through the "vacuum" of empty space.
		For example, beams of light from a lighthouse, from a speeding car's headlights and from the lights on a supersonic jet all travel at a constant rate as measured by all observers—despite differences in how fast the sources of these beams move.
		The speed of light is constant and does not depend on the speed of the light source.
	www.amnh.org /exhibitions/einstein/light/constant.php (281 words)

	The Cosmological Constant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A sufficiently large cosmological constant will cause galaxies to appear to accelerate away from us, in contrast to the tendency of ordinary forms of energy to slow down the recession of distant objects.
		A positive cosmological constant increases the volume of space in between us and a source at any fixed redshift, and therefore the probability that such a source undergoes lensing by an intervening object.
		The value of the cosmological constant is an empirical issue which will ultimately be settled by observation; meanwhile, physicists would like to develop an understanding of why the energy density of the vacuum has this value, whether it is zero or not.
	pancake.uchicago.edu /~carroll/encyc (1913 words)

	Embedded.com - Enumeration Constants vs. Constant Objects
		The problem with constant objects is that they pose a small risk of making your programs a little bigger or slower than they would be if you used enumeration constants.
		The crux of the problem with constant objects is that, while an enumeration constant is an rvalue, a constant object is a non-modifiable lvalue.
		Although you can declare an enumeration constant in local or global scope, the declaration's scope is unlikely to affect the way the compiler generates code for the constant.
	www.embedded.com /story/OEG20011129S0065 (1569 words)

	Coulomb's Constant
		Coulomb's constant can be conveniently represented as the result of four discrete components.
		From equation (1.8a) it can be seen that conductance of the Aether is a swirling motion as it is related to the angular momentum of Planck's constant.
		One practical use of the Aether conductance constant is in the equation for particle strong charge (electromagnetic charge).
	www.16pi2.com /coulombs_constant.htm (361 words)

	Hubble Constant
		The value of the Hubble Constant is important for both observations of the objects in the Universe, as it allows us to convert their recession velocities into true distances, and for estimating the age of the Universe.
		The value of the Hubble constant therefore determines the rate at which the Universe is expanding, and equivalently allows us to roughly estimate the length of time it has been expanding, since the Big Bang, and thus the age of the Universe.
		Hubble Space Telescope were to use it to measure the sizes of distant galaxies and to detect the variations in the luminosity of variable stars in distant galaxies.
	www.phys.unsw.edu.au /astro/wwwlabs/hdfSize/hdfSize_intro.html (1451 words)

	Constant Lambert - Classical music composer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Constant Lambert studied at the Royal College of Music under Vaughan Williams, R.O. Morris and George Dyson for composition, and Malcolm Sargent for conducting.
		Constant Lambert: Piano Concerto & Sonata; Li-Po Poems; Mr.
		Constant Lambert: Tiresias (A Ballet in Three Acts, 1950-51) / Pomona (A Ballet in One Act, 1927)
	www.classical-composers.org /cgi-bin/ccd.cgi?comp=lambert (577 words)

	WMAP Cosmology 101: Cosmological Constant
		When Hubble's study of nearby galaxies showed that the universe was in fact expanding, Einstein regretted modifying his elegant theory and viewed the cosmological constant term as his "greatest mistake".
		The main attraction of the cosmological constant term is that it significantly improves the agreement between theory and observation.
		A cosmological constant term added to the inflationary model, an extension of the Big Bang theory, leads to a model that appears to be consistent with the observed large-scale distribution of galaxies and clusters, with COBE's measurements of cosmic microwave background fluctuations, and with the observed properties of X-ray clusters.
	map.gsfc.nasa.gov /m_uni/uni_101accel.html (474 words)

	The Constant Rider
		Portland, Oregon: You can buy the Constant Rider and other fabulous zines when you visit Reading Frenzy, Powells, or Q is for Choir.
		Online: the Constant Rider and other amazing publications are also available for order from Echo Zine Distro and Microcosm Publishing.
		Inquiries for the Constant Rider Omnibus (issues 1-3) should be directed to Microcosm Publishing.
	www.constantrider.com (326 words)

	PHP: constant - Manual
		is useful if you need to retrieve the value of a constant, but do not know its name.
		Much quicker and cleaner than using defined() and constant() to check for a simple boolean.
		This applies to constants being defined as Boolean values, and may-be applies generally.
	us2.php.net /constant (229 words)

	Constant, Benjamin. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		In 1813 he published a pamphlet attacking Napoleon and urging constitutional government and civil liberties.
		After Napoleon’s final defeat at Waterloo and the restoration of the Bourbons, Constant continued his political pamphleteering, calling for a constitutional monarchy.
		Constant gained a great reputation as a liberal publicist, and his funeral (shortly after the July Revolution, 1830, which he had supported) was the occasion for great demonstrations.
	www.bartleby.com /65/co/ConstantB.html (277 words)

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