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	Constantine the Great
		As a young military commander, Constantine was a pagan but, while marching south through Italy, he claimed to have had a vision of the Christian "chi-rho" sign across the face of the sun, with the message, In this sign you will conquer.
		Although it can be effectively argued that Constantine's faith was a matter of political convenience rather than a spark of faith, it cannot be argued that Christianity became well established into the culture of society during his rule, and throughout most of the remainder of the history of the Roman empire.
		Just as Constantine had tried to dictate matters of doctrine at the Council of Nicaea in AD 325, the emperors were prone to meddling in church affairs, seeking to bend and to twist Christian doctrine to their convenience.
	kenanderson.net /bible/html/constantine.html (395 words)

	Constantine I - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Constantine is best remembered in modern times for the Edict of Milan in 313, which fully legalized Christianity in the Empire, for the first time, and the Council of Nicaea in 325; these actions are considered major factors in the spreading of the Christian religion.
		Constantine's main goal was stability, and he tried to achieve that by immediate, often brutal punitive expeditions against rebellious tribes, demonstrating his military power by conquering the enemies on their own side of the Rhine frontier, and slaughtering many prisoners during games in the arena.
		Constantine is best known for being the first Roman Emperor to embrace Christianity, although he may have continued in his pre-Christian beliefs as well, and along with his co-Emperor Licinius was the first to grant Christianity the status of an allowed religion (religio licita).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Constantine_I_of_the_Roman_Empire (2929 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Constantine I (emperor) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Constantine is best remembered in modern times for the Edict of Milan in 313 and the Council of Nicaea in 325, which fully legalized and then legitimized Christianity in the Empire for the first time.
		Constantine managed to be at his deathbed in Eboracum (York) of Roman Britain, where the loyal general Crocus, of Alamannic descent, and the troops loyal to his father's memory proclaimed him an Augustus ("Emperor").
		Constantine was also known for being ruthless with his political enemies, deposing the Eastern Roman Emperor Licinius, his brother-in-law, by strangulation in 325 even though he had publicly promised not to execute him upon Licinius' surrender in 324.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Constantine_I_(emperor) (2334 words)

	Constantine I and Christianity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Constantine is best known for being the first Roman Emperor to embrace Christianity, although he may have continued in his pre-Christian beliefs as well, and some scholars doubt the historicity of his conversion.
		Family influence is also thought to account for Constantine's later, more personal adoption of Christianity: Helena is said to be "probably born a Christian" though virtually nothing is known of her background, save that her mother was the daughter of an innkeeper and her father a successful soldier, a career that excluded overt Christians.
		Christian leadership became increasingly bold — Christian bishops became prominent and took aggressive public stances that were unheard of among other religions, drawing a hostile pagan reaction and the outlawing of public Proselytism.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Constantine_I_and_Christianity (2716 words)

	Constantine the Great, c.274-337
		The Roman emperor, Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus, or Constantine I, was born at Naissus, in Upper Moesia.
		Constantine joined his father, who ruled in the west, at Boulogne on the expedition against the Picts, and before Constantinus died (306) he proclaimed his son his successor.
		Constantine was now sole emperor of the west; and by the death of Galerius in 311 and of Maximin in 313, Licinius became sole emperor of the east.
	www.historyguide.org /ancient/constantine.html (515 words)

	Constantine the Great - OrthodoxWiki
		Constantine was well educated and served at the court of Diocletian in Nicomedia as a kind of hostage after the appointment of his father Constantius, a general, as one of the two Caesars (at that time a junior emperor), in the Tetrarchy in 293.
		Though the document called the "Donation of Constantine" was proved a forgery (though not until the 15th century, when the stories of Constantine's conversion were long-established "facts") it was attributed as documenting the conversion of the Roman Empire to Christianity for centuries.
		Christians were preferred for high government positions; the Church was granted various special privileges; and churches like the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem were constructed.
	orthodoxwiki.org /Constantine_the_Great (1535 words)

	Constantine I, Roman emperor. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Before the battle Constantine, who was already sympathetic toward Christianity, is said by Eusebius of Caesarea to have seen in the sky a flaming cross inscribed with the words, “In this sign thou shalt conquer.” He adopted the cross and was victorious.
		Constantine was now sole ruler of the empire, and in a reign of peace he set about rebuilding the strength of old Rome.
		The chief contemporary historians of Constantine’s reign are Lactantius and Eusebius.
	www.bartleby.com /65/co/Constnt1Rom.html (881 words)

	ANISTORITON: Viewpoints (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		When Constantine the Great became at first co-emperor and later on sole-emperor of the Roman empire, he made many efforts in order to create a new state, a state that would continue to be as glorious as the Roman Empire of the earliest years.
		Constantine, ordered for the creation of new sanctuaries throughout his empire while the provincial governors were instructed to give bishops churches, the production of Bibles and the expansion of charities for the orphans, the widows and the poor.
		Nevertheless, Constantine claimed to be a "servant" of the Christian God and had as his mission the establishment of a new era of Christian domination.
	www.anistor.co.hol.gr /english/enback/v986.htm (2725 words)

	Rome's Christian Emperors to 410 CE
		Constantine also ruled that various other Christian groupings who did not conform to established doctrine would be considered heretics and would have their meeting places confiscated.
		Christianity was supposed to be a matter of the heart, of conviction, and commitment to Jesus, but it was the increase in its grandeur, including the prestige gained from Constantine's support that helped the Church make great new gains in converts.
		Constantine II inherited rule in Spain, Britannia and Gaul, and being the eldest son he claimed authority over his brothers, who were unwilling to submit, and in the year 340 he invaded Italy.
	www.fsmitha.com /h1/ch24.htm (8410 words)

	Roman Emperors - DIR Constantine I
		Lactantius, whom Constantine appointed tutor of his son Crispus [[11]] and who therefore must have been close to the imperial family, reports that during the night before the Battle of the Milvian Bridge Constantine was commanded in a dream to place the sign of Christ on the shields of his soldiers.
		Constantine convened a synod of bishops to hear the complaint; the synod met in Rome's Lateran Council and is known as the Synod of Rome.
		"Constantine's Epistle to the Bishops at the Council of Arles: A Defense of Imperial Authorship." JRH 17 (1993) 274-89.
	www.roman-emperors.org /conniei.htm (5004 words)

	313 A.D. - the beginning of Constantine's cooption of Christianity
		Christianity became the "right" religion, and all the rest were by implication "wrong." This sudden change of fortune for the Christian cause was largely the work of the emperor Constantine...
		Constantine was just as intolerant after his "conversion" as he had been before: now gatherings in the signature of the old religion were forbidden, often in the very words of the earlier proscriptions against Christian gatherings...
		Christianity began with Judaism, and one of the priviliges of the Jews was exemption from military duty.
	www.bibletexts.com /terms/313ad.htm (3453 words)

	Mithras (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Conventional wisdom recalls that Constantine ordered the shields of his troops to be emblazoned with the Christian monogram—the Greek letters Chi Rho, the first two letters of the word "Christos." As a result Constantine’s victory over Maxentius at Milvian Bridge came to represent a miraculous triumph of Christianity over paganism.
		According to a witness accompanying Constantine’s army at the time, the vision was of the sun god—the deity worshiped by certain cults under the name of "Sol Invictus," "the Invincible Sun." There is evidence that Constantine, just before his vision, had been initiated into a Sol Invictus cult.
		Christian orthodoxy had much in common with the cult of Sol Invictus, and thus the former was able to flourish unmolested under the latter’s umbrella of tolerance.
	www.crosscircle.com /CH_2f.htm (1438 words)

	Bible Prophecy for the World Today/Constantines destruction
		Constantine converted sun worshipping pagans to Christianity by fusing pagan symbols, rituals and dates into a hybrid religion.
		The pre Christian god Mithras, called the son of god and the Light of the World, was born on December 25th.
		Long before Jesus or the Christian era, the pagans celebrated that precise time, declared a holiday honouring the birth of the son of the Babylonian queen of heaven, changing the name and adding Christs name to it.
	www3.sympatico.ca /bibleprophecy/constantine.html (1356 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Constantine I (emperor)
		Constantine was well educated and served at the court of Diocletian in Nicomedia as a kind of hostage after the appointment of his father, a general, as one of the two caesares or junior emperors in the Tetrarchy in 293.
		Constantine managed to be at his deathbed in Eboracum (York) of Roman Britain, where the loyal general Stephanos Tolberius, a North African and his troops loyal to his father's memory proclaimed him an Augustus ("Emperor").
		A Letter from Constantine to Shapur II of Persia (both lived and reigned from 310 to 379), supposed to have been written in 324 urged him to protect the Christians in his realm… With the edicts of toleration in the Roman Empire, the followers of Christ would be regarded as allies of Persia's ancient enemy.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Constantine_I_(emperor) (4035 words)

	Christianity or Mithraism. (Page 1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		It was only when Constantine decreed that Christianity was to be the state religion, that Mithraism, together with a host of other religions and sects, was put into the melting pot, and ideas of that religion, most suited for the Christian purpose, were absorbed into the new state-approved religion.
		Constantine, a great supporter of the Christian religion, although not converting to it until the time of his decease, gathered together 2,000 leading figures in the world of theology, the idea being to bring about the advent of Christianity as the official state religion of Rome.
		The early Christian idea of Unitarianism was quickly squashed in favour of Trinitarianism, and those who refused to accept the Holy Trinity were put to the sword, the beginning of mass slaughter in the name of religion, which was to go on for centuries.
	members.aol.com /MercStG/ChriMithPage1.html (750 words)

	Constantine I and Christianity
		Family influence is also thought to account for Constantine's later, more personal adoption of Christianity: Helena is said to be "probably born a Christian" though virtually nothing is known of her background, save that her mother was the daughter of an innkeeper and her father a successful soldier, a career that excluded overt Christians.
		Christian leadership became increasingly bold — Christian bishops became prominent and took aggressive public stances that were unheard of among other religions, drawing a hostile pagan reaction and the outlawing of public Proselytism.
		Constantine instituted several legislative measures regarding the Jews: they were forbidden to own Christian slaves or to circumcise their slaves.
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/Medieval/Bio/ConstantineIAndChristianity.html (2509 words)

	from jesus to christ: why did christianity succeed?: legimitization under constantine
		In a sense, Constantine is a non-apocalyptic Messiah for the church.
		Constantine, whom Eusebius describes later in "A Life of Constantine" and also in an oration on an important occasion later in his career, is a magnificent ruler endowed by God with wisdom, insight and a divine mission to vindicate the church and to bring the church and the state into unity.
		And Constantine was a consummate pragmatist and a consummate politician.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/why/legitimization.html (3859 words)

	Constantine's Christianity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Constantine was very convinced that the vision had been sent from God.
		Constantine won the war with Maxentius (his brother in law/co-emperor).
		The early Roman Christians called non-Christians pagans because pagani in Latin means country-dwellers and it was the country dwellers were the majority of non-Christians.
	www.k12.de.us /talley/turkey/history/christianity.htm (394 words)

	Constantine Converts: 312
		Constantine became the emperor of Rome in 306, and was the most powerful person in his part of the world.
		His conversion to Christianity had far reaching effects on the common practice of the religion and on all the factions of Christianity that are present today.
		Constantine was victorious in the battle of the Milvian Bridge, and he continued to wear the symbol for Christ against every hostile power he faced.
	www.thenagain.info /WebChron/EastEurope/ConstantineConverts.html (959 words)

	The Bible: Christian Empire (Constantine) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		His successor was Constantine, who made Christianity the official imperial religion in 313 with the Edict of Milan.
		Some historians argue that Constantine was an opportunist who saw the network of Christians as a powerful tool for unifying his faltering Empire.
		Constantine built huge, elaborate churches throughout his Empire, establishing worship services that were long, formal, and reminiscent of court rituals.
	gbgm-umc.org /umw/Bible/xtnempire.html (331 words)

	BBC - History - Constantine I and Christianity AD 314 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Constantine went on from there to conquer the whole Roman Empire, defeating his main rival, Maxentius, at the Milvian Bridge in AD 312.
		Tradition states that, just before the battle, Constantine had a dream in which the God of the Christians told him to place the Chi Rho symbol of Christianity on his soldier's shields and he would win the day (at other times in his career, Constantine claimed other Gods motivated his victory).
		In gratitude, Constantine made Christianity the official religion of the Empire, and his new capital, Constantinople (modern day Istanbul) was founded as a Christian city.
	www.bbc.co.uk /history/timelines/britain/rom_constantine_i.shtml (224 words)

	Phoenicia, Phoenician Christians, The First Converts Outside the Jews
		The outstanding consequence of this period, however, was the impressing on the masses of ordinary Muslims the view that Christianity was corrupt and unreliable.This, together with the death penalty for apostasy, kept the Muslims in lands ruled by the scimitar effectively insulated from Christian propaganda.
		Christians and Jews were enjoined to affix wooden images of devils to their houses, level their graves even with the ground, wear outer garments of yellow color, and ride only on mules and asses with wooden saddles marked by two pomegranates-like balls on the cantle.
		Though Emperor Constantine I banished him, he was restored through the favor of the empress, and he used his increasing political and ecclesiastical ascendancy to procure the banishment of Athanasius, one of the leaders at Nicaea, in 335.
	www.phoenicia.org /xtian.html (8544 words)

	Nicene Creed and the Truth about the Trinity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Contrary to popular Christian myth, Constantine was a pagan and was baptized on his deathbed.
		Emperor Constantine who was also the high priest of the pagan religion of the Unconquered Sun presided over this council.
		Nor was the unity of the Supreme Being ousted from the Christian creed by the force of reason, but by the sword of civil government, wielded at the will of the Athanasius.
	www.sullivan-county.com /identity/trinity.htm (3619 words)

	Constantine's Conversion - History for Kids!
		That same winter, Constantine was already writing letters to Christian bishops about church controversies and had bishops with him at court to advise him about Christian issues.
		Constantine got a lot of Christian advisors at his court to tell him what the Christian God wanted, so he could be sure to keep God on his side.
		He was upset to find that the Christians there were fighting over the Arian controversy, and he tried to settle their argument, but not very successfully.
	www.historyforkids.org /learn/religion/christians/constantine.htm (493 words)

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