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	Constantine Pavlovich - LoveToKnow 1911
		CONSTANTINE PAVLOVICH (1779-1831), grand-duke and cesarevich of Russia, was born at Tsarskoye Selo on the 27th of April 1779.
		The battle of Bassignano was lost by Constantine's fault, but at Novi he distinguished himself by such personal bravery that the emperor Paul bestowed on him the title of cesarevich, which according to the fundamental law of the constitution belonged only to the heir to the throne.
		Constantine hindered the unveiling of the organized plotting for independence which had been going on in Poland for many years, and held obstinately to the belief that the army and the bureaucracy were loyally devoted to the Russian empire.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Constantine_Pavlovich (1261 words)

	Constantine, Algeria - LoveToKnow 1911
		The palace, built by Ahmed Pasha, the last bey of Constantine, between 1830 and 1836, is one of the finest specimens of Moorish architecture of the 19th century.
		Constantine, or, as it was orginally called, Cirta or Kirtha, from the Phoenician word for a city, was in ancient times one of the most important towns of Numidia, and the residence of the kings of the Massyli.
		In 1826 Constantine asserted its independence of the dey of Algiers, and was governed by Haji Ahmed, the choice of the Kabyles.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Constantine,_Algeria (1104 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich of Russia
		Constantine Pavlovich Romanov (Константи́н Па́влович Рома́нов) (27 April, 1779–27 June, 1831), grand duke and tsesarevich of Russia, was prepared by his grandmother, Catherine the Great, to become an emperor of a would-be restored Byzantine Empire.
		The battle of Bassignano was lost by Constantine's fault; but at Novi he distinguished himself by personal bravery, so that the emperor Paul bestowed on him the title of tsesarevich, which according to the fundamental law of the constitution belonged only to the heir to the throne.
		Constantine's importance in political history dates from when his brother, Tsar Alexander, installed him in the Congress Kingdom of Poland as viceroy, with a task of the militarization and discipline of Poland.
	reference.com /browse/wiki/Constantine_Pavlovich (1336 words)

	Nicholas I of Russia - LoveToKnow 1911
		In January 1822 it was decided in a family council, with the knowledge though not in the presence of Nicholas, that Constantine's petition to be relieved of the burden of the crown, for which he felt himself unfitted, should be granted.
		It was not, however, until August 1823 that the emperor drew up the necessary papers, in the presence of the metropolitan Philaret and other witnesses, and deposited them in sealed packets, to be opened at his death, with the council of state, the senate and the holy synod.
		No steps were taken to open the sealed packets, and he himself took the oath to Constantine, and, with characteristic contempt for constitutional forms, usurped the functions of the senate and council of state by himself ordering its imposition on the regiments stationed in St Petersburg.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Nicholas_I_of_Russia (3247 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		After a first separation in the year 1799, she went back permanently to her German home in 18or, the victim of a frivolous intrigue, in the guilt of which she was herself involved.
		The battle of Bassignano was lost by Constantine's fault, but at Novi he distinguished himself by such personal bravery that the emperor Paul be-stowed on him the title of cesarevich, which according to the fundamental law of the constitution belonged ogly to the heir to the throne.
		It was owing to the opposition of Constantine that the Polish army took no part in this war, so that there was in consequence no Russo-Polish comrade-ship in arms, such as might perhaps have led to a reconciliation between the two nations.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /correction/edit?locale=en&content_id=17312 (1026 words)

	Kursk, Kharkov, Poltava And Belgorod Holy Martyrs
		Constantine Shchegolev, from the village of Andreyevka, Bakhmutovka uyezd; the priest Fr.
		Protopriest Constantine Nichkevich was the superior of the church of the village of Myasoyedovo, Kursk diocese and a dean.
		Constantine only increased, he was killed late at night in his home by a commissar who came to him under the pretext of having a business conversation with him.
	www.orthodox.net /russiannm/kursk-kharkov-poltava-and-belgorod-holy-martyrs.html (4003 words)

	Kate Pickering's BA Essay
		Furthermore, Constantine was even less forgiving of Catherine's excesses and personal vulgarity than Alexander, and seems to have associated the republicanism with which his education was imbued entirely with her, and thus dismissed it.
		Constantine's reputation among contemporaries and historians alike has been that of a tyrant, obsessed with military minutiae and cruelly authoritarian; in person he was considered rude and boorish.
		Constantine seems to have taken an -- admittedly vague and incipient -- position between the two: his view of revolutionary liberalism was certainly in line with that of Nicholas and Michael, yet he seems to have managed to separate this concept from the idea of moral and social progress.
	www.columbia.edu /~kmp30/ba.html (14237 words)

	Nicholas I of Russia Encyclopedia Article @ Declaring.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		He was a younger brother to Alexander I of Russia and Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich of Russia.
		As such in 1825, when Alexander I suddenly died, Nicholas was caught in between swearing allegiance to his second eldest brother Constantine Pavlovich and accepting the throne for himself.
		During the confusion where his brother Constantine rejected the offer to the throne and Nicholas not wanting to hastily accept the throne, a plot was hatched by Nicholas's enemies to overthrow Nicholas and to usurp power.
	www.declaring.net /encyclopedia/Nicholas_I_of_Russia (1648 words)

	Decembrist revolt - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		According to the house law, his brother Constantine Pavlovich should have become emperor, but he had abdicated in favor of his younger brother Nicholas I.
		A group of officers commanding about 3,000 men refused to swear allegiance to the new tsar, Nicholas I, proclaiming instead their loyalty to the idea of a Russian constitution.
		Soldiers in Petersburg were made to chant "Constantine and Constitution," but when questioned, many of them professed to believe that "Constitution" was Constantine's wife.
	wikipedia.cas.ilstu.edu /index.php/Decembrist_Revolt (737 words)

	Constantine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Constantine is a common name derived from the Latin word constans, meaning constant or steadfast.
		Constantine Maroulis finalist on the television show American Idol, lead singer of Pray for the Soul of Betty.
		Constantine (film), based on the previously mentioned comic book character.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Constantine (207 words)

	Maya Kucherskaya, Higher School of Economics, Moscow (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Deviant behavior of Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich as the trigger of his success and failure (on materials of Russian and Polish literatures)
		Constantine Pavlovich Romanov, the brother of two Russian Emperors - Alexander I and Nicolas I – was mainly known for his abdication from the throne in 1825, which led to the Decembrist rebellion later that year.
		However, when Constantine was Commander-in-chief of the Polish army (1815-1830), his way of treating (or, rather, mistreating) his inferiors, received a totally opposite reaction.
	aatseel.org /program/aatseel/2004/abstracts/kucherskaya.htm (539 words)

	The State Hermitage Museum: Hermitage History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		On 19 November 1825 the Emperor Alexander I died and the succession passed to his brother, Grand Prince Constantine Pavlovich.
		Constantine, however, rejected the throne and thus the younger brother, Nikolay, was to be the new Emperor.
		The ceremony of swearing loyalty to Nicholas I was to take place on Senate Square on 14 December 1825, but Nicholas was renowned for his severity and extremely conservative political views and a large number of young officers of aristocratic birth sought to prevent his ascension to the throne.
	www.hermitagemuseum.org /html_En/05/hm5_1_14.html (220 words)

	Gatorsports.com :: 100 years of Gator Football (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Aleksandr I Pavlovich (Russian: ÐÐ»ÐµÐºÑÐ°Ð½Ð´Ñ I ÐÐ°Ð²Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ) (December 23, 1777–December 1, 1825), was Emperor of Russia from March 23, 1801–December 1, 1825 and King of Poland from 1815–1825, as well as the first Grand Duke of Finland.
		A party too in Russia itself, headed by the Tsar's brother Constantine Pavlovich, was clamorous for peace; but Alexander, after a vain attempt to form a new coalition, summoned the Russian nation to a holy war against Napoleon as the enemy of the Orthodox faith.
		The heir presumptive, Tsesarevich and Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich had in 1822 renounced his rights of succession, but this act was not publicly announced, nor known to anybody outside of few people within the tsar's family.
	www.gatorsports.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?template=wiki&text=Alexander_I_of_Russia (3857 words)

	CONSTANTINE PAVLOVICH ... - Online Information article about CONSTANTINE PAVLOVICH ...
		Petersburg, in connexion with which occurred the famous revolt of the Russian Liberals, known as the rising of the Dekabrists.
		Constantine hindered the unveiling of the organized plotting for See also:
		See also Karrnovich's The Cesarevich Constantine Pavlovich (2 vols., St Petersburg, 1899), (Russian) ; T.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /COM_COR/CONSTANTINE_PAVLOVICH_1779_1831.html (1284 words)

	More on constantine
		The name Constantine is derived from the Latin word constans, meaning constant or steadfast.
		Constantine is a movie based on the comic book Hellblazer whose main character is called John Constantine.
		CONSTANTINE (NEWS 3) - The Village of Constantine has banned residents from installing any more new outdoor wood burners.
	www.entainpedia.com /Co-to-Cr/constantine.php (242 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - LEIBZOLL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		On the other hand, the Russian Jews had great difficulty in entering Poland, and those who went there for business were obliged to pay a "Geleitzoll." In 1826 the representatives of the Jewish community of Kovno petitioned the government for the abolition of the tax, which amounted then to fifteen Polish florins.
		By order of Emperor Nicholas I. this application was referred to the grand duke Constantine Pavlovich, then viceroy of Poland, who stated that he considered the abolition of the tax inexpedient, but proposed decreasing its amount and regulating it according to age, sex, and business occupation.
		He deemed it advisable to introduce a similar tax in Russia, and suggested that each Polish Jew entering Russia, and each Russian Jew entering Poland, should be supplied with a pass descriptive of the place of its issuance, the bearer's business, etc. The local police was to be charged with the inspection of the passes.
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=160&letter=L (1810 words)

	NEW YORK –Russian numismatics’ epic rarity, the Constantine Ruble will be the major highlight in the upcoming New ...
		When Tsar Alexander I died in 1825, it was taken for a fact that Grandduke Constantine Pavlovich, the Russian viceroy of Poland, was the new Tsar.
		Constantine, however, had secretly renounced his rights as heir in a manifesto two years before.
		The Manifesto was made known after a fortnight, and Constantine’s brother Nicholas was proclaimed Tsar.
	www.russian-coins.net /dmnyVIIIpost-pr.htm (535 words)

	CONSTANTINE PAVLOVICH ... - Article en ligne de l'information environ CONSTANTINE PAVLOVICH ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		certain que Constantine n'ait jamais essayé de fixer le trône.
		Constantine a gêné le dévoilement de la traçage organisée pour l'indépendance qui avait continué en Pologne pendant beaucoup d'années, et soutenu obstin3ément sur la croyance que l'armée et la bureaucratie ont été loyally consacrées à l'See also:
		novembre 1830 a pris Constantine complètement par surprise.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /fr/COM_COR/CONSTANTINE_PAVLOVICH_1779_1831.html (1690 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In 1797, Strelna was granted to Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich and his wife Anna Feodorovna (aunt of Queen Victoria).
		After Constantine's death, the palace passed to his nephew, and the Konstantinovichi branch of the Romanov dynasty retained its ownership until the Revolution.
		The Constantine Palace, the Trinity Monastery, Mikhailovka, and Znamenka are parts of the World Heritage Site Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Constantine_Palace (744 words)

	Decembrist revolt - WikiLeasing.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The populace expected hat on the death of Alexander, his liberal-minded brother Constantine Pavlovich would ascend the throne in accordance with house law.
		Unbeknownst to the public, upon Constantine’s marriage to a non-royal PPlish woman, Constantine had agreed to renounce his claim to the throne in favour of his autocratic younger brother Nicholasandnbsp;I. In 1122, Alexander had signed a declaration to the effect that Nicholas would take the throne upon his death.
		These efforts would culminate in the events of December 14.On the morning of December 14, 1825, a group of officers commanding about 3,000 men assembled i Senate Square, where they refused to swear allegiance to the new tsar, Nicholasandnbsp;I, proclaiming instead their loyalty to the idea of a Russian constitution.
	www.wikileasing.com /3/Decembrist_revolt.html (1523 words)

	The State Hermitage Museum: Collection Highlights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		During the brief interregnum (27 November — 14 December 1825) following Alexander I's death, dies were prepared at the St Petersburg Mint and a few trial coins struck with a portrait of Constantine Pavlovich, who it was assumed would be the new emperor.
		On 14 December 1825, however, Constantine's younger brother Nicholas ascended to the throne instead.
		The trial coins and all the materials used in their minting (draft drawings, dies and tin copies of them) were immediately withdrawn and transferred to the offices of the Ministry of Finance.
	www.hermitagemuseum.org /html_En/03/hm3_7_1_4c.html (158 words)

	Constantine Palace
		Later in 1717, the design of the palace and park was created by the architect Leblondt, but this project was completed partly, channels preserved to our time were dug out.
		Construction of the Constantine Palace was started only in June 1720, according to the design of Italian architect Micetty, who was also a supervisor of construction works.
		Besides since 2005 a route Palace Embankment — Constantine Palace was opened, it takes 30 minutes from the very center of the city by hydrofoil “Meteor”.
	www.st-petersburg.ru /en/entertainment/country/konstantin (307 words)

	RussianImperialSuccession
		For at least the last 80 years of the monarchy, male dynasts were listed in the court calendar by primogeniture in the order of their succession to the throne, while female dynasts were listed according to other criteria unrelated to the succession.
		In the event, Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich was the only male dynast to effect such a renunciation between the time of the promulgation of the Pauline law in 1797 and the publication of the last court calendar in 1917.
		For example, in 1884, with the emperor's permission, Grand Duke Constantine Constantinovich of Russia, nephew of Alexander II, had married a Princess of Saxe-Altenburg who was devoutly Lutheran and remained so throughout her married life in Russia.
	www.riuo.org /RussianImperialSuccession/russianimperialsuccession.html (14164 words)

	Hermitage Rosen Zass 1812 Kibovskii
		It is positioned in the fifth row from the bottom between the portraits of Alexander I and Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich, captioned “A.P. Zass Lieutenant General” (GE 7825).
		Aleksandr Pavlovich Zass held only the 4th class of the order of St. George, and the order of Alexander Nevsky not at all.
		However, among the general’s decorations is clearly seen a gold cross on a St.-George ribbon, the shape of which is close to the commemorative officers’; crosses for the capture of Ochakov (1788), Izmail (1790), and the Praga suburb of Warsaw (1794).
	home.comcast.net /~markconrad/Gallery13.htm (2410 words)

	Future History: 1967+ Timeline - Page 4 - Alternate History Discussion Board (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		On Decemer 20, 2155, Constantine Pavlovich Romanov declares himself Emperor of the Russians in an Act of Parliament.
		The former bureaucrats who had been displaced by Constantine become infuriated, and manage to convince some generals to join them in a Coup.
		Constantine sees it as a sign that this new regime will survive.
	www.alternatehistory.com /discussion/showthread.php?p=738649 (3446 words)

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