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Topic: Constantine VIII of the Byzantine Empire

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	Constantine VIII - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Constantine VIII on the reverse of this coin, with crown, pelled labarum and akakia.
		Constantine VIII (in Greek Konstantinos VIII, written Κωνσταντίνος Η') (960 – November 15, 1028), Byzantine emperor (December 15, 1025 – November 15, 1028) was the son of the Emperor Romanus II and the younger brother of the eminent Basil II, who died childless and thus left the rule of the Byzantine Empire in his hands.
		Technically, Constantine became co-emperor with his brother when Basil assumed the throne in 976 at the age of 18, but during the 49 years that Basil II ruled, his brother had little role in the affairs of state even though Basil was often away from Constantinople fighting wars.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Constantine_VIII_of_the_Byzantine_Empire (324 words)

	The Byzantine Empire
		The decline of the Byzantine Empire is strikingly exhibited in the depreciation of currency during the reigns of the Comneni.
		Byzantine civilization produced a succession of typical women of middle class who are a proof, first, of the high esteem in which women were held in social life and, secondly, of the sacredness of family life, which even now distinguishes the Greek people.
		His son, Constantine IV was very young at the time of his accession; still he was not only able to assert his authority in the face of an unruly army, but soon like his father and great grandfather, proved himself a brave warrior and displayed consummate generalship against the Arabs, the Slavs, and the Bulgarians.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/b/byzantine_empire.html (16898 words)

	Constantine VIII - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Constantine VIII (in Greek Konstantinos VIII, written Κωνσταντίνος Η', lived 960-November 15, 1028), Byzantine emperor (December 15, 1025- November 15, 1028) was the son of the Emperor Romanus II and the younger brother of the eminent Basil II, who died childless and thus left the rule of the Byzantine Empire in his hands.
		Technically, Constantine became co-emperor with his brother when Basil assumed the throne in 976 at the age of 18, but during the 49 years that Basil II ruled, his brother had little role in the affairs of state even though Basil was often away from Constantinople fighting wars.
		The empire thus passed to his daughter Zoë; and a long line of her husbands and children, none of whom distinguished themselves.
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /Constantine_VIII_of_the_Byzantine_Empire (234 words)

	Byzantine Empire - Encyclopedia.com
		The core of the empire consisted of the Balkan Peninsula (i.e., Thrace, Macedonia, Epirus, Greece proper, the Greek isles, and Illyria) and of Asia Minor (present-day Turkey).
		The reconstructed empire was soon attacked from all sides, notably by Charles I of Naples, by Venice, by the Ottoman Turks, by the new kingdoms of Serbia and Bulgaria, and by Catalonian adventurers under Roger de Flor.
		The collapse of the empire opened the way for the vast expansion of the Ottoman Empire to Vienna itself and also enabled Ivan III of Russia, son-in-law of Constantine XI, to claim a theoretical succession to the imperial title.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-ByzantinEmp.html (2259 words)

	Byzantine Empire - Search View - MSN Encarta
		Constantine the Great established precedents for the harmony of church and imperial authorities that persisted throughout the history of the empire.
		The empire had survived Germanic and Hunnic tribal migrations and raids in the 5th and 6th centuries and had stabilized a reasonably secure eastern frontier against the Sassanian Empire of Persia, but it could not recover, hold, and govern the entire Mediterranean world.
		Meanwhile, the Byzantines lost their last foothold in Italy and were alienated from the Christian West by a schism (1054) between the Orthodox church and the papacy.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761561530__1/Byzantine_Empire.html (1686 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Byzantine Empire
		Its administration was seriously influenced by the polities of the empire the boundaries of the empire bounded the Church's aspirations and activities.
		Byzantines of this school often appear so modern to us precisely because they were permeated with rationalistic anti-ecclesiastical sentiments.
		Byzantine State was menaced, as of old, on three sides: on the East by the Seljuk Turks, who had supplanted the Arabs; on the West by the Normans, who had sodded the Arabs in that quarter; on the North by the Slavs, Bulgarians, and Finnic-Ugrian (Magyars, Petchenegs, and Cumani).
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03096a.htm (14308 words)

	Byzantine Empire. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The remainder of the empire broke into independent states, notably the empires of Nicaea and of Trebizond and the despotate of Epirus.
		The reconstructed empire was soon attacked from all sides, notably by Charles I of Naples, by Venice, by the Ottoman Turks, by the new kingdoms of Serbia and Bulgaria, and by Catalonian adventurers under Roger de Flor.
		The collapse of the empire opened the way for the vast expansion of the Ottoman Empire to Vienna itself and also enabled Ivan III of Russia, son-in-law of Constantine XI, to claim a theoretical succession to the imperial title.
	www.bartleby.com /65/by/ByzantinEmp.html (1302 words)

	Britannicaindia.com: Britannica Browse
		Byzantine emperor from 741 to 775, son of Leo III the Isaurian.
		Byzantine emperor from 780 to 797, grandson of Constantine V. Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus
		Byzantine emperor from 1059 to 1067, successor to Isaac I Comnenus.
	www.britannicaindia.com /britannica_browse/c/c58.html (1640 words)

	Byzantine Empire at AllExperts
		Byzantine Empire (native Greek name: ') is the term conventionally used since the 19th century to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople.
		The Hunnic Empire collapsed and Constantinople was free from the menace of Attila.
		Perhaps the Byzantine empire's greatest contribution to literature was their careful preservation of the best works of the ancient world, as well as compilations of works on certain subjects, with certain revisions, most specifically in the fields of medicine and history.
	en.allexperts.com /e/b/by/byzantine_empire.htm (13821 words)

	Byzantine Empire
		Byzantine authority was severely weakened, and the growing power vacuum at the centre of the empire encouraged fragmentation, as the provinces began to look to local strongmen rather than the government in Constantinople for protection.
		According to a prearranged treaty, the Byzantine empire was dissolved and its territories divided between Venice and the Latin Empire of Constantinople.
		Perhaps the Byzantine empire's greatest contribution to literature was their careful preservation of Ancient Greek literature, which was thereby transmitted both to Europe and to the Islamic world, as well as compilations of works on certain subjects, with certain revisions, most notably in the fields of medicine and history.
	www.homestayfinder.com /Dictionary.aspx?q=Byzantine_Empire (12660 words)

	Brief History of Turkey - Travel Link Turkey
		The Byzantine Empire is the name given to the continuation of the Roman Empire, which--converted to Christianity and using Greek as its principal language--flourished in the eastern Mediterranean area for more than 1,000 years until its fall in 1453.
		The Byzantine Empire is notable for its ability to revive in times of disaster (as is shown in the cases of Heraclius, Leo III, Basil I, Alexius I, and Michael VIII), for its vigorous Greek culture, and for its outstanding Christian art and architecture.
		The empire, however, survived for 3 centuries longer because Europe was unaware of the extent of its weakness, and the mass of Ottoman subjects were protected from the worst results of the decay by their millets and guilds.
	www.travellinkturkey.com /history.html (3785 words)

	Byzantine Empire 610-1095 by Sanderson Beck (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In 680 Constantine IV led a Byzantine navy north in the Black Sea to the Danube to attack the Bulgars; but they hid and then counter-attacked his army as it was crossing the Danube, and the Emperor had to agree to a treaty with Bulgar chief Ansparuch and pay an annual tribute.
		As Constantine VI grew, he was supported by iconoclasts, and in 790 soldiers in Armenia and Asia Minor refused to swear allegiance to Irene and proclaimed her son sole ruler.
		Bulgaria was annexed by the Byzantine empire; Boris II was taken to Constantinople as a prisoner; and the Bulgarian Patriarchate was terminated.
	www.san.beck.org /AB15-ByzantineEmpire.html (17708 words)

	Byzantine Empire: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library (Site not responding. Last check: )
		THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE BY NORMAN H. Empire...Roman Empire of the West and the Byzantine Empire of the East.
		...Justinian, the mighty ruler of the Byzantine empire from 527 to 548, Theodora was...Mr.
		BYZANTINE MUSIC the music of the Byzantine Empire composed to Greek texts as ceremonial...development of ancient Greek music, Byzantine music is now regarded as an independent...after the founding of the Eastern Empire by Constantine I. Although two...
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/byzantine_empire.jsp (2792 words)

	Byzantine Empire - William A. Percy
		The Byzantine terms for male homosexuality are paiderastia, arrhenomixia ("mingling with males"), and arrhenokoitia ("intercourse with males").
		After the Byzantines expelled the Latins, who ruled the Eastern empire from the time of the Fourth Crusade (which captured Byzantium in 1203/4) until their expulsion in 1261, the Palaeologi restored a decentralized state ruled by "feudal" magnates on the Western model with the commerce dominated by the Italian maritime republics.
		Officially, the greater vigilance of the Byzantine authorities against "the vice" would have served to distinguish them from their adversaries; in practice, there was undoubtedly a good deal of borrowing from Islamic pederastic customs.
	www.williamapercy.com /wiki/index.php?title=Byzantine_Empire&printable=yes (1421 words)

	Byzantines \| Encyclopedia of Modern Asia
		The Byzantine empire is conventionally said to begin in 330 BCE, the year that the Roman empire's eastern capital was transferred to Constantinople.
		The empire he bequeathed his sons included Roman provinces from Africa to England, but northern Europe was soon lost to Frankish, Visigoth, and Lombard invaders, and, better to command their armies, the emperors resided in Antioch.
		The Byzantine emperor, a religious, political, and military leader drawn from one of the leading landowning dynasties, was supported by his patriarch, a senate, and a huge civil service.
	www.bookrags.com /research/byzantines-ema-01 (1257 words)

	Bibliography - Constantine Viii (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Technically, Constantine became co-emperor with his brother when Basil assumed the throne in 976 at the age of 18, but during the 49 years that Basil II ruled, his brother had little role in the affairs of state even though Basil was often away from Constantinople fighting wars.
		Constantine is said to have spent most of this time living in luxury and with little or no responsibility.
		The empire thus passed to his daughter Zoe of Byzantium and a long line of her husbands and children, none of whom distinguished themselves.
	mywebpage.netscape.com /Aarongolden9397/constantine-viii/bibliography.html (161 words)

	Facts About the Byzantine Emperors
		To secure the power of the throne, she had her son Constantine VI (780-797) blinded and then imprisoned him for life in the room in which he was born.
		Irene was the first Byzantine or Roman woman to rule the Empire alone and specifically took the title of "Emperor," not "Empress." She ruled at a time of magnificent contemporaries, especially Harun al-Rashid (who ruled the Abbasid caliphate at its peak) and Charlemagne.
		Constantine VIII (1025-1028) was reported to be nine feet tall, but this is almost certainly an exaggeration.
	web2.airmail.net /uthman/byzantine.html (1398 words)

	Constantine XI Summary
		Constantine XI Palaiologos or Palaeologus (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος ΙΑ' Δραγάσης Παλαιολόγος, Kōnstantinos XI Dragasēs Palaiologos), (February 9, 1404 – May 29, 1453) was the last reigning Emperor of the Byzantine Empire, from 1448 to his death.
		Constantine was born in Constantinople as the eighth of ten children of Manuel II Palaiologos and Helena Dragaš, the daughter of the Serbian prince Constantine Dragaš of Kumanovo.
		Constantine XI married twice: the first time on July 1, 1428 to Maddalena Tocco, niece of Carlo I Tocco of Epirus, who died in November 1429; the second time to Caterina Gattilusio, daughter of the Genoese lord of Lesbos, who also died (1442).
	www.bookrags.com /Constantine_XI (1021 words)

	0.1.3.2 Overview - Byzantine Coins
		Constantine IX [1042-1055] patronized the arts, but neglected military power while the Seljuq Turks overthrew the Arab caliphates, the schism between the Catholic and Orthodox churches began, and Norman barons attacked Byzantine possessions in Italy.
		The still-smoking capital was partitioned among the victors, and the empire became a Latin feudal state as remnants of the aristocracy fled to Epirus and Nicaea to organize exile governments.
		Constantine and his small garrison fought with a heroism worthy of antique Rome, inflicting immense casualties; early on May 29, after a last service at Hagia Sophia, the last Emperor rode out to meet his destiny as the Turks stormed the breaches and the Byzantine Empire passed into history.
	www.classicalcoins.com /page102b.html (1365 words)

	The Byzantine Empire
		Its administration was seriously influenced by the polities of the empire the boundaries of the empire bounded the Church's aspirations and activities.
		Byzantine civilization produced a succession of typical women of middle class who are a proof, first, of the high esteem in which women were held in social life and, secondly, of the sacredness of family life, which even now distinguishes the Greek people.
		His son, Constantine IV was very young at the time of his accession; still he was not only able to assert his authority in the face of an unruly army, but soon like his father and great grandfather, proved himself a brave warrior and displayed consummate generalship against the Arabs, the Slavs, and the Bulgarians.
	afgen.com /byzantine_empire.html (15569 words)

	Byzantine Empire - All About Turkey
		The Byzantine Empire is also known as the Eastern Roman Empire, for it was in fact a continuation of the Roman Empire into its eastern part.
		For 1100 years, the Byzantine's were able to maintain control of their empire, although somewhat tenuously at times; the Empire's expansion and prosperity were balanced by internal religious schisms (such as Nika Riot) and recurring wars with enemies from the outside.
		The Byzantine Empire, however, had left its mark on the culture, never to be entirely erased even after the Conquest.
	www.allaboutturkey.com /bizans.htm (423 words)

	Travel Guide To Turkey, Guide de la Turquie, GUIDE MARTINE, Guide to Turkey, Guide de Turquie, Travel, Turkey, Voyage, ...
		A Byzantine government was formed in Nicea by Theodorus Lascaris followed by the Greek Patriarch, while two princes, sons of Andronicus I, fled to Trebizond (Trabzon) where one of them, Alexius Comnenus, became Emperor of the Independant Byzantine Empire of Trebizond.
		Fighting for its own survival, the Latin Empire weakened under the assaults of the Bulgars and those of the Byzantines trying to regain their lost cities and provinces, and was soon reduced to the sole city of Constantinople.
		The conquest of the last Byzantine lands in Anatolia was completed in 1461 with the fall of Trebizond, the stronghold of the Comneni, thus putting an end to the Byzantine Empire.
	www.guide-martine.com /history6.asp (2433 words)

	Basil II — FactMonster.com
		Basil was succeeded by Constantine VIII (reigned 1025–28) and by Constantine's daughter Zoë;.
		John I, Byzantine emperor - John I John I (John Tzimisces), c.925–976, Byzantine emperor (969–76).
		Byzantine Empire: A Truly Eastern State - A Truly Eastern State The political division of East and West was paralleled by a religious schism,...
	www.factmonster.com /id/A0806390 (241 words)

	History 303: Macedonian Resurgence
		CONSTANTINE VII PORPHYROGENITUS ("Born in the Purple") (813-957)
		Marriage of Constantine VII to Helena, daughter of Romanus I
		Constantine VII and Prince Igor of Kiev renegotiate commerical treaty
	www.tulane.edu /~august/H303/chronologies/resurgence.htm (572 words)

	Constantinople on the Web - History, Society, Monasticism, the Fall
		Testament of Constantine Akropolites for the Monastery of the Resurrection (Anastasis)
		By abandoning old Rome and moving to the Greek East, Constantine indicated that the future of the Empire lay in the East.
		The Byzantine Greeks almost ignored the developments in the Western Church, where the bishop of Rome was the sole patriarch.
	www.ellopos.net /elpenor/greek-texts/greek-resources-constantinople.asp (1571 words)

	Constantine XI, Byzantine emperor. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		To secure Western aid against the Turkish assault on what remained of the empire, he proclaimed (1452) the union of the Western and Eastern Churches.
		After almost two months of heroic defense, directed by the emperor, the city and the empire fell.
		Constantine died fighting with the last of his men.
	www.bartelby.com /65/co/Constnt11Byz.html (139 words)

	Byzantine History - Basil, Zoë and the Armenian Dynasty - History for Kids!
		Zoë's servant (and boyfriend) Michael IV became co-emperor with the Empress Zoë, and then in 1041, when Michael died, Zoë co-ruled with Michael's nephew, Michael V. In 1042 Michael V tried to get rid of Zoë, but this led to revolts, and he was taken off the throne, blinded, and sent to a monastery.
		Zoë died in 1050, and Constantine in 1055.
		Because the Romans were not paying attention, and there were no good rulers, the Seljuks succeeded in taking control of Armenia away from the Roman Empire.
	www.historyforkids.org /learn/medieval/history/byzantine/zoe.htm (514 words)

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