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Topic: Constantine XI

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	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		Constantine was born in Constantinople as the eighth of ten children of Manuel II Palaiologos and Helena DragaÅ¡, the daughter of the Serbian prince Constantine DragaÅ¡ of Kumanovo.
		Constantine XI married twice: the first time on July 1, 1428 to Maddalena Tocco, niece of Carlo I Tocco of Epirus, who died in November 1429; the second time to Caterina Gattilusio, daughter of the Genoese lord of Lesbos, who also died (1442).
		However, the erection of the statue of "Saint Constantine XI the Ethnomartyr" in the square in front of the Metropolitan Cathedral of Athens, with the formal blessing of the Church authorities, appears to be a semi-official act of recognition.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Constantine_XI (817 words)

	Constantine XI - Definition, explanation
		Constantine was born in Constantinople, the eighth of ten children of Manuel II and Helena Dragas, the daughter of the Serbian prince Constantine of Serres.
		Constantine became the despotes of Morea (the Medieval name for the Peloponnesus) in 1443 which he ruled from the palace in Mystra.
		Constantine married twice: the first time on July 1, 1428 to Maddelena Tocco, the niece of the Italian ruler of Epirus, who died in November 1429; the second time to Caterina Gattilusio, daughter of the Genovese lord of Lesbos, who also died (1442).
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/c/co/constantine_xi.php (569 words)

	Great Martyr and Emperor Constantine IX
		This page is offered as a memorial to the Blessed Constantine XI Paleologos, the last Emperor of the East Roman Empire, martyred by the forces of Sultan Mehmet during the assault on The City on May 29, 1453.
		Constantine commanded that the most venerable icon of the Mother of God, protectress of the city, should be brought out and carried in procession round the streets.
		Constantine ordered that icons and relics from churches and monasteries be carried round the walls while the church bells rang.
	rumkatkilise.org /constantineXI.htm (2156 words)

	Nicol. Last Centuries of Byzantium
		At the moment of the Emperor's death in October 1448 Constantine was in the Morea.
		Constantine liked to be known by his mother's surname of Dragas or Dragases, which she inherited from her Serbian father.
		Constantine was wise not to press the point and to be known by some as 'the uncrowned emperor'.
	coursesa.matrix.msu.edu /~fisher/hst373/readings/nicol.html (11142 words)

	The History of the Decline and Fall of The Roman Empire - Vol 1 - Chapter XIV Part I
		The great Constantine was most probably born at Naissus, in Dacia; and it is not surprising that, in a family and province distinguished only by the profession of arms, the youth should discover very little inclination to improve his mind by the acquisition of knowledge.
		The figure of Constantine was tall and majestic; he was dexterous in all his exercises, intrepid in war, affable in peace; in his whole conduct, the active spirit of youth was tempered by habitual prudence; and while his mind was engrossed by ambition, he appeared cold and insensible to the allurements of pleasure.
		Constantine informed him of the melancholy event of his father's death, modestly asserted his natural claim to the succession, and respectfully lamented, that the affectionate violence of his troops had not permitted him to solicit the Imperial purple in the regular and constitutional manner.
	www.worldwideschool.org /library/books/hst/roman/TheDeclineandFallofTheRomanEmpire-1/chap40.html (3492 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Constantine was born in Constantinople as the eighth of ten children of Manuel II Palaiologos and Helena DragaÅ¡, the daughter of the Serbian prince Constantine DragaÅ¡ of Kumanovo.
		Constantine XI married twice: the first time on July 1, 1428 to Maddalena Tocco, niece of Carlo I Tocco of Epirus, who died in November 1429; the second time to Caterina Gattilusio, daughter of the Genoese lord of Lesbos, who also died (1442).
		However, the erection of the statue of "Saint Constantine XI the Ethnomartyr" in the square in front of the Metropolitan Cathedral of Athens, with the formal blessing of the Church authorities, appears to be a semi-official act of recognition.
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Constantine_XI (791 words)

	Donald M. Nicol - The Death Of Constantine
		The Sultan clearly wanted to be sure that the Emperor Constantine was either dead or a captive, for if he had escaped he might, as some of his courtiers had proposed, live to fight another day and stir up the sympathy of western Christendom to greater effect.
		The evidence that Constantine was killed in the fighting is almost unanimous and it seems very probable that his corpse was found and decapitated.
		Yet another tradition was that Constantine was buried in the church of the Holy Apostles which had been the burial place of many of his imperial predecessors and served as the patriarchate of Constantinople for a few years after the conquest.
	www.myriobiblos.gr /texts/english/nicol_condeath.html (7852 words)

	BYZANTINE EMPIRE : Encyclopedia Entry
		Constantine made two momentous and far-reaching decisions; one being his decision to found a new capital city on the site of Byzantium and the other being his sponsorship of Christianity.
		Constantine began the building of the great fortified walls that were perhaps the most striking feature of the city.
		Constantine is generally considered to be the first Christian emperor, although the precise nature of his religious beliefs is not an easy matter to discern.
	bibleocean.com /OmniDefinition/Byzantine_Empire (9077 words)

	Constantine XI - Glasgledius (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Constantine XI Paleologos, Constantine XIII or Constantine Drageses, (February 9, 1409 - May 29, 1453) was the last reigning emperor of the Byzantine Empire from 1449 to his death.
		Constantine was born in Constantinople the eighth of ten children of Manuel II and Irene.
		Constantine became the despot of Morea (an older name for the Peloponnesus) in 1443 which he ruled from the palace in Mistra[?].
	www.glasglow.com /E2/co/Constantine_XI.html (393 words)

	Constantine XI
		Constantine XI Palaiologos or Palaeologus (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος ΙΑ' Δραγάσης Παλαιολόγος, Kōnstantinos XI Dragasēs Palaiologos), (February 8, 1405[1] – May 29, 1453) was the last reigning Emperor of the Byzantine Empire, from 1448 to his death.
		A legend refers to the Marble King, Constantine XI, holding that, when the Ottomans entered the city, an angel rescued the emperor, turned him into marble and placed him in a cave under the earth near the Golden Gate, where he waits to be brought to life again.[2][3].
		However, the erection of the statue of "Saint Constantine XI the Ethnomartyr" in the Cathedral Square in Athens, with the formal blessing of the Church authorities, appears to be a semi-official act of recognition.
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/Medieval/Bio/ConstantineXI.html (847 words)

	Constantine XI Summary
		Constantine XI Palaiologos or Palaeologus (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος ΙΑ' Δραγάσης Παλαιολόγος, Kōnstantinos XI Dragasēs Palaiologos), (February 9, 1404 – May 29, 1453) was the last reigning Emperor of the Byzantine Empire, from 1448 to his death.
		During the absence of his older brother in Italy, Constantine was regent in Constantinople from 1437 to 1439.
		Constantine XI attempted to marry a distant cousin, the widow of Murad II, but the courtship failed.
	www.bookrags.com /Constantine_XI (1021 words)

	AN ABRIDGED HISTORY OF ROME - PART I - XI - FROM DIOCLETIAN TO CONSTANTINE
		Constantine ruled over the western part of the empire where the ancient religion and the more modern faiths in Mithra and Sol Invictus were still prevailing; by this edict he thought to gain the favour of Licinius' subjects, many of whom had embraced the Christian faith.
		Constantine spent most of his life away from Rome: the government of the city was entrusted to a Praefectus Urbi who was also responsible for the maintenance of the imperial palaces.
		In addition to the arch the victory of Constantine was celebrated by building new baths on the Quirinale hill on the site of today's Palazzo Rospigliosi; they were decorated with statues and reliefs taken from other monuments, with the exception of statues portraying Constantine and his son by the same name.
	www.romeartlover.it /Storia11.html (2684 words)

	Fall of Constantinople - OrthodoxWiki
		The closing of the small mosques within Constantinople by Constantine XI and the pressures on Greek Muslims to convert back to Christianity formed the pretext for Mehmet to declare war.
		Constantine appealed to Western Europe for help, but Pope Nicholas V was unwilling to support the Empire.
		Constantine XI himself led the last defense of the city, dying in the ensuing battle in the streets.
	orthodoxwiki.org /Fall_of_Constantinople (1412 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - Byzantium: Constantine Porphyrogenitus
		Constantine was in fact born in the palace, hence his title, but whether he was a legitimate heir or not is far from clear.
		Constantine was in no position to object, so he continued his lonely life, but he bided his time.
		Constantine would probably have left it at that, but his wife Helena, who was also a child of Romanus, was not going to give her brothers the chance to take the upper hand against mild-mannered Constantine again.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/A848252 (1941 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Constantine (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Constantine supported all the reforms instituted by his brother, who gave him command of the fleet and made him governor-general of Poland in 1862.
		Constantine Cannon: Merchant Advisory on Proposed Settlement of United States' Claim on the Settlement Fund.
		CONSTANTINE; THE GREATEST ROMAN EMPE An exhibition which opens in York tomorrow marks the debt owed by the modern Church to a Christian convert who rescued a failing empire brought peace and preached tolerance.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Constantine&StartAt=11 (723 words)

	THE LIFE OF THE BLESSED EMPEROR CONSTANTINE
		And God himself, whom Constantine worshiped, has confirmed this truth by the clearest manifestations of his will, being present to aid him at the commencement, during the course, and at the end of his reign, and holding him up to the human race as an instructive example of godliness.
		Nor did the imperial throne remain long unoccupied: for Constantine invested himself with his father's purple, and proceeded from his father's palace, presenting to all a renewal, as it were, in his own person, of his father's life and reign.
		So Constantine, in his excessive humanity, thought and was willing patiently to bear past injuries, and extend his forgiveness to one who so ill deserved it; but Licinius, far from renouncing his evil practices, still added crime to crime, and ventured on more daring atrocities than ever.
	www.constantinethegreatcoins.com /Constantine/Life.html (14637 words)

	Kings of Italy, Sicily, Naples and the Byzantine Empire
		Constantine "the Porphyrogenite" (born to the purple) was six years old when he came to the throne.
		Constantine, the lawful Emperor and a man of studious temper, descended to fifth position in this college of princes while ROMANUS ruled the Empire.
		When Constantine VII died he was mourned by the people who suspected that he might have been poisoned by his son Romanus II.
	www.fortunecity.com /millennium/family/1155/rulofita.htm (1120 words)

	Chapter XI, The Two Republics, Constantine And The Bishops
		And in the midst of these, Constantine, who was shortly to become their destroyer, but at that time of tender age, and blooming with the down of early youth, dwelt, as God's servant Moses had done, in the very home of the tyrants.
		Constantine, to sustain his part in this scheme of a new theocracy, and as far as possible to conform to the theoratical plans of the bishops, likewise erected a tabernacle, and pitched it a considerable distance from his camp.
		Constantine, not to be outdone, saw angels standing around James, and pronounced him one of the three pillars of the world.
	www.hiscovenantministries.org /mans_law/two_republics/chapter_eleven.htm (4392 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - Byzantium: Constantine XI and the Fall of Constantinople
		Byzantium: Constantine XI and the Fall of Constantinople
		By the time Constantine received the purple in 1449, the Empire was reduced to a sorry state.
		Constantine was not prepared to be caught alive by the Turks: they had a fearsome reputation with regard to torture.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/A13970612 (1820 words)

	Byzantine chronology -- 15th century
		Constantine Palaeologus, the last Byzantine emperor as Constantinre XI was born (1404).
		Constantine upon arriving in Constantinople found the state bankrupt and unable to even pay the salaries of state officials and the relatively small military force defending the city.
		Constantine's head was exposed in front of the imperial palace to demonstrate that he was truly dead.
	histclo.com /chron/ancient/byz/chron/byzc15.html (2853 words)

	St. Cassian, monk, of Uglich (1504) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Constantine entered into the service of Archbishop of Joasaph of Rostov, and in 1489 went with him on his retirement to the Monastery of St Therapont at White Lake.
		Constantine himself had no plans to become a monk; but on his first night at the monastery St Martinian (January 12) appeared to him, exhorting him to renounce the world immediately.
		Constantine reported his vision to the Archbishop, who confirmed its authenticity, and Constantine was tonsured a monk with the name Cassian.
	www.holytrinityorthodox.com /calendar/los/October/02-StCassian.htm (214 words)

	The Siege of Constantinople 1453
		Constantine XI Palaeologus was a simple, honest and unselfish man. Most important, he was an experienced and capable soldier.
		Constantine XI gave him command of the land walls and offered him the island of Lesbos in return for driving off the Turks.
		Constantine XI felt that he could fight holding actions along the sea walls until reserves could arrive.
	www.mikeantonucci.com /1453.htm (3735 words)

	Travel Guide To Turkey, Guide de la Turquie, GUIDE MARTINE, Guide to Turkey, Guide de Turquie, Travel, Turkey, Voyage, ...
		Constantine embellished the city which developed considerably and had to be surrounded by new walls.
		It was to the ramparts of Constantine that the city owed its safety when attacked by the Goths, after the terrible defeat of Emperor Valens at Hadrianople (Edirne) in 378.
		Constantine VII Porphyrogenetus, whose name means "born in the purple" because he was born during the reign of his father, ruled between 913-959.
	www.guide-martine.com /istanbul_2.asp (3215 words)

	Constantinople on the Web - History, Society, Monasticism, the Fall
		Constantine XI (1449-1453) and the capture of Constantinople
		Testament of Constantine Akropolites for the Monastery of the Resurrection (Anastasis)
		By abandoning old Rome and moving to the Greek East, Constantine indicated that the future of the Empire lay in the East.
	www.ellopos.net /elpenor/greek-texts/greek-resources-constantinople.asp (1571 words)

	Home \| Byzantine.com (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Although Constantine disbanded the Diocletian model of government, splitting the Empire into two governing bodies.
		Constantine ruled over a united Empire but did move his capital to Byzantium.
		Constantine spent a great deal of time and money preparing the city to be the future capital.
	k.domaindlx.com /boden (542 words)

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