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Topic: Constantius II

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Constantine II of the Roman Empire

Byzantine Emperors

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	Constantius II - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Constantius was the second of the three sons of Constantine I and his second wife Fausta.
		Constantius eventually met and crushed Magnentius in the Battle of Mursa Major, one of the bloodiest battles in Roman history, in 351.
		As the two armies sought engagement, Constantius died from a fever near Tarsus on November 3, 361, and Julian was hailed Augustus in the whole of the Roman empire.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Constantius_II (472 words)

	Constantius II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Constantius II was born in Illyricum in August AD 317, the son of Constantine the Great and Fausta, and was proclaimed Caesar in AD 323.
		Constantius II, preparing for the fight with Magnentius in the west, raised his 26 year-old cousin Constantius Gallus to the rank of Caesar (junior emperor) in order to have him take charge of the administration of the east whilst he would be commanding his armies.
		Constantius II was left as the sole emperor of the Roman empire.
	www.roman-empire.net /collapse/constantius-II.html (1206 words)

	[No title]
		Constantius II received the east dominion, in correspondence with his father's wishes to have his son concern the peril of the eastern Persians.
		Constantius II remained as the sole emperor of the Roman empire.
		Soon Constantius II was needed in the east and he returned to regain the upset in peace caused by the Persian king Sapor II.
	www.bitsofhistory.com /ace/contest_lots/Essay/lot23_1.doc (726 words)

	DIR-Constantius II
		Flavius Julius Constantius, second son of Constantine I and Fausta, was born on 7 August 317 in Illyricum.
		Constantius spent a great deal of his reign on military campaigns; between 337 and 350, he resided in Antioch, between 351-359 he spent much of his time in Sirmium and Mediolanum (Milan), and in 360-361 he lived in Antioch again.
		Blockley, R.C. "Constantius Gallus and Julian as Caesars of Constantius II." Latomus 21 (1972): 433ff.
	www.roman-emperors.org /constaii.htm (1791 words)

	ConstantiusIIOV
		Constantius II 337-361 A.D. Flavius Julius Constantius, second son of Constantine I (The Great) and Fausta, was born on the 7th of August 317 AD in Illyricum.
		In the first part of September 337 Constantius II and his two brothers (Constantine II and Constans) met at Pannonia where they were acclaimed Augusti by the army to divide up the empire among themselves.
		Constantius had been one of the longest-reigning emperors in Roman history and in the end he was brought down by disease and one of the two people he didn't consider a threat to his throne.
	www.xs4all.nl /~sp88k/Coin/Traveler/Overviews/ConstantiusIIOV.htm (933 words)

	The Roman Dominate: The Barrack Emperors (II) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Iulianus Apostata: In 351 Constantius II, perturbed by the death of his brother Constans and subsequent disorders in the West, appointed Gallus as his caesar; that is, as his coadjutor and eventual successor.
		Constantius, again in need of a caesar of his own house, after much hesitation summoned Iulianus from Greece, whence the latter arrived "still wearing his student's gown." In November 355, at the age of 23, he was duly proclaimed and invested as caesar, an honour which he accepted with justifiable foreboding.
		Valentinianus II and his mother fled to Thessalonica, Greece, to the dominions of the new Eastern emperor, Theodosius I. After the overthrow of Maximus by Theodosius in 388, Valentinianus II was restored to his rule.
	www.societasviaromana.org /Collegium_Historicum/principate9.php (2091 words)

	ConstantiusGallusOV
		Constantius Gallus (Caesar) 351 - 354 A.D. Gallus was born in 325 or 326 AD at Massa Veternensis his father was Julius Constantius the half-brother of the emperor Constantine I.
		When Constantine the Great died one of the first things his three sons (Constantius II, Constantine II and Constans) did was to get together and murder all of their relatives who were considered a threat to the security of their thrones.
		In the mean time Constantius II had dealt with all his enemies in the west and realized he had to get rid of Gallus.
	www.xs4all.nl /~sp88k/Coin/Traveler/Overviews/ConstantiusGallusOV.htm (958 words)

	Constantius II: bio and encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The sassanid dynasty (also sassanian) was the name given to the kings of persia during the era of the second persian empire, from 224 until 651,...
		(Constantius died from a fever near Tarsus[Follow this hyperlink for a summary of this subject] on November 3, EHandler: no quick summary.
		Christianity is an abrahamic religion based on the life, teachings, death by crucifixion, and resurrection of jesus of nazareth as described in the...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/co/constantius_ii1.htm (1333 words)

	[No title]
		Constantius II delegated his brother Gallus to hold back the Persians in the east while he dealt with the many internal conflicts.
		Constantius II was on his way to subdue this rebellion when he died on November 3, 361 at Mopsucrenae in Cilicia (modem day Armenia).
		In the writings of Ammianus, Constantius is described as an adept ruler and general, but also as somewhat indecisive and as one who was easily swayed by his wives and members of his court It should also be noted that Constantius II was a dedicated Christian.
	www.bitsofhistory.com /ace/contest_lots/Essay/lot34_1.doc (804 words)

	Ammianus Marcellinus about Constantius II -- The Ammianus Marcellinus Online Project
		Constantius II was made Ceasar in 324 AD by his father Constantine the Great.
		In any case, Constantius became Augustus over the eastern parts of the empire, and after the death of Constantine II and Constans I, Constantius II obtained their sphere.
		After Constantius II became sole ruler of the Roman empire (350), he had to divide his troops, and therefore, his attention to several parts of this vast empire.
	odur.let.rug.nl /~drijvers/ammianus/contributions/constantius.htm (473 words)

	Julian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Constantius II placed Julian in the care of the eunuch Mardonius, who educated him in the classical tradition of Rome, thereby instilling in him a great interest for literature, philosophy and the old pagan gods.
		Constantius II evidently didn't like the idea of a youth of Constantine's blood being too close to the centre of power, even if only as a student.
		Constantius II jealousies were such that it is believed he was even forming plans to have Julian assassinated.
	www.roman-empire.net /collapse/julian.html (1392 words)

	Constantius II, Flavius Julius - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Constantius II, Flavius Julius (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		After Constantine's death he became joint ruler with his brothers, Constantine II and Constans, and he was given Thrace, Macedonia, Greece, the Asiatic provinces, and Egypt to rule.
		Throughout his reign Constantius was at war with the Persians, and was often defeated by them, notably in 348.
		In 355 Constantius made his cousin Julian Caesar and commander in Gaul.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Constantius+II,+Flavius+Julius (202 words)

	Constantius II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Constantius II Constantius II Emperor A. This emperor was the last surviving son of Constantine the Great.
		In A. 360, Constantius II’s young cousin Julian led a revolt in Gaul.
		In 361, Constantius II led an army to deal with Julian but died while on the march.
	users2.ev1.net /~legionary/mainevent/coins/ConstantiusII.html (396 words)

	ALA: Section III: Constantius II to Theodosius I, 350-395
		He may well have been appointed under Julian, and it is not surprising that in 364 he should have been eager to assert his loyalty to the new dynasty by erecting a statue of Valens (21) next to the one with which he had honoured Julian (20).
		Constantius held office not long after Tatianus; another is the reference in 22 to the Council and the People.
		Moreover we now know that Constantius was also active in providing at least a mosaic floor in the Basilica (235); work in the North Agora may also belong to this period (29).
	insaph.kcl.ac.uk /ala2004/narrative/sec-III.html (7257 words)

	Constantius II at opensource encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Constantius II, Roman Emperor (337 - 361), was the middle of the three sons of Constantine I the Great and Fausta.
		As the two armies sought engagement, Constantius died, and Julian was hailed Augustus in the whole of the Roman empire.
		Constantius II died from a fever while campaigning near Tarsus on November 3, 361.
	www.wiki.tatet.com /Constantius_II.html (368 words)

	Constantius II - QuickSeek Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		emperor Constantius II Constantius II, Roman Emperor (7 August, 317 - 3 November, 361, reigned 337 - 361), was the second of the three sons of Constantine I and Fausta.
		Until this time Constantius was preoccupied with fighting the Sassanid Empire, and he was forced to elevate his cousin Gallus to Caesar to assist him while he turned his attention to this usurper.
		Constantius married twice, first to Eusebia Augusta and second to Faustina, who gave birth to a posthumous daughter, Constantia, who later married Emperor Gratian.
	constantiusii.quickseek.com (565 words)

	Solidus of Constantius II (Sole Emperor, 350-361) [Byzantine] (04.35.18) \| Object Page \| Timeline of Art History \| The ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This coin was struck in Rome, probably in the year 350 by Constantius II, one of the four sons of Constantine the Great.
		Constantius II ruled the Eastern half of the empire from 337 to 353, when he became ruler of the entire empire upon the death of his brother Constans (350) and the defeat of the usurper Magnentius (353).
		Constantius is shown on this coin in a new portrait style, at a three-quarter angle.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/ho/05/waa/hod_04.35.18.htm (192 words)

	Constans articles on Encyclopedia.com
		Constans II CONSTANS II [Constans II] (Constans Pogonatus), 630-68, Byzantine emperor (641-68), son and successor of Constantine III and grandson of Heraclius I. Early in his reign Armenia and Asia Minor were invaded by the Muslims, who challenged Byzantine supremacy at sea, took Cyprus, and threatened Sicily
		Constantius II CONSTANTIUS II [Constantius II] 317-61, Roman emperor, son of Constantine I. When the empire was divided (337) at the death of Constantine, Constantius II was given rule over Asia Minor, Syria, and Egypt, while his brothers, Constans I and Constantine II, received other portions.
		Constantine II CONSTANTINE II [Constantine II] 316-40, Roman emperor, son of Constantine I. When the empire was divided at the death (337) of Constantine I, among the brothers Constantius II, Constans I, and Constantine II, Constantine II received Britain, Gaul, and Spain.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Constans (444 words)

	Ammianus Marcellinus about Constantius II -- The Ammianus Marcellinus Online Project
		When Constantius had to delay the renewed hostilities in the east in 359, he sent diplomats to the Persian king Sapor.
		While Constantius was with his army occupied in the west, Sapor saw his chance and sacked Amida (359), a fortified city in the east (19.1-9).
		It states that Constantius was aware of the division of military and civil affairs.
	odur.let.rug.nl /~drijvers/ammianus/contributions/constantius2.htm (563 words)

	Constantius II. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		When in 350 the murder of Constans I threw the West into disorder, Constantius II defeated the usurping Magnentius, a German who had been a commander under Constans I, and became sole emperor.
		Constantius died in the Persian campaign in Cilicia, naming Julian as his successor.
		A confirmed Arian, Constantius vigorously repressed paganism and was involved in a struggle with St. Athanasius.
	www.bartleby.com /65/co/Constntiu2.html (204 words)

	Detail Page
		Fortunately, Constantia, daughter of Constantine and Constantius' sister, convinced the Magister Peditum, Vetranio, to allow himself to be hailed as Augustus, as a counterweight to Magnentius.
		Clearly, as a general, Constantius II possessed remarkable skills, defeating the Frankish king, Silvanus, the Suevi, the Sarmatians, the Quadi and the Persians all in a span of several years.
		Constantius recognized the need to appoint a Caesar who could aid him in ruling regions that he could not visit.
	www.fofweb.com /Onfiles/Ancient/AncientDetail.asp?iPin=ROME0421 (597 words)

	Pagans and Christians in Imperial Law, 321-529 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Constantius II: prohibition of pagan sacrifice and closure of temples
		Theodosius II: all pagan groves, temples, and temple precincts must be destroyed by city magistrates, with crosses erected in their places.
		Theodosius II: those who sacrifice to the gods are to be threatened with progressive punishments, from confiscation of property and exile to death (a "peaceful vengeance" on their threat to the common good).
	www.sfts.edu /ocker/hs1080/paganlaw.htm (1634 words)

	Julian II, The Apostate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		(Responsibility for this carnage was attributed to Constantius II, the eastern Augustus at that time, and Julian’s cousin.) For Julian this was the beginning of a “golden” exile, under the tutelage of the eunuch Mardonius and the philosopher Nicocles – the latter secretly a pagan.
		Constantius II, Augustus 22 May 337 - 3 November 361 A.D. In 312 A.D., Constantine dreamed he saw a Christogram in the sky and heard the words IN HOC SIGNO VICTOR ERIS, meaning in Latin "In this sign you will be the victor." He ordered the sign of Christ on his legions standards and shields.
		Probably his blood was boiling, because he associated the pagan religion with the classical spirit of tolerance and freedom of thinking, but his ambition was stronger: to change something it was necessary to became the new Augustus, and to became Emperor it was necessary to gain the respect of the legions.
	forumancientcoins.com /forvm/Articles/Julian_II.htm (2183 words)

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