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Topic: Constituent (politics)

	Constituent (politics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A constituency is all the constituents of a particular agent or representative.
		Depending on the context, another closely-related meaning of constituent is that of a citizen residing in the area governed, represented, or otherwise served by a politician; sometimes this is restricted to citizens who elected the politician.
		All the constituents who are registered to vote are referred to as the electorate.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Constituent_(politics) (282 words)

	Constituent country - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is not a term of art and has no defined legal meaning; 'constituent' is simply an adjective, and the phrase has no clear meaning outside a context from which the entity or grouping of which the countries in question are constituents or components can be understood.
		The term is perhaps most frequently found in practice in reference to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK): the word country does not necessarily connote political independence (thus 'Basque country'), so that it may, according to context, be used to refer either to the UK or one of its constituents.
		Although the term 'constituent countries' is sometimes used by official government bodies in the UK, such as the Office for National Statistics, it is rarely used otherwise.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Constituent_countries (598 words)

	Datacide
		Its Italian title translates as "constituent power: essay on the alternatives within modernity": in the shadow of this concept, Negri outlines a modern social and political counter-tradition which, though defeated again and again, never attains the saintly glow of victimhood, for it has never acknowledged its project to be finished with.
		This containment is the defeat of the constituent subject, yet the latter persists as 'latency' in a double sense: the recent social mutation, the new reality, is due entirely to its action, and it never stops seeking to break out of its confinement, to rise up again refusing the new restriction of its freedom.
		In its 'latent' form constituent power at least retains the practical and ontological 'open-endedness' that distinguishes it from constitution, in which, by contrast, particular cases are deduced mechanically from a given law (in the capitalist world, that of value).
	datacide.c8.com /text/8-continuous-crisis.html (6941 words)

	Salvato - 2004, January 02
		The idea that an outside group, a group from outside the boundaries of constituency, should be able to monitor or even edit what is conveyed between an elected official and his or her constituents is appalling.
		In an age when misguided and ill-informed people are trying to flex their political muscle in the campaign financing arena and foreign billionaires are trying to usurp the political process in this country it is absolutely necessary that our elected officials be afforded the freedom to inform, enlighten, define and clarify for their constituency.
		It is vital that those who would represent a constituencies voice through the casting of legislative votes on their behalf have an open, two-way and unhindered communication with the constituency, not only when it behooves them but at all times.
	www.opinioneditorials.com /guestcontributors/salvato_20040102.html (1052 words)

	Politics And Politicians By Acharya Ramamurty
		The Constituent Assembly comprised mostly of freedomfighters, not politicians.
		The constituent assembly did not, could not, foresee that it was producing cancerous cells.
		The structure of the constitution framed by the constituent assembly was of a liberal democracy type.
	www.countercurrents.org /ie-acharya190404.htm (1501 words)

	Political Science - The New School for Social Research
		Political identity is "the collective label for a set of characteristics by which persons are recognized by political actors as members of a political group." Class, ethnicity, religion, race, and language may all act as political identities, but none of these categories has automatic political resonance.
		Political identity must be constructed, and how it is constructed has implications for politics in the sense that different identities suggest distinct strategies, arenas, and demands.
		Should political knowledge be regarded as valuable mainly because of its direct role in forming an active political and civic life, as a crucial means to achieving desired political and social ends, or as a distinctive professional and scientific project that contributes indirectly to sustaining a democratic political and civic culture?
	www.newschool.edu /gf/polsci/courses-bulletin.htm (4270 words)

	Politics : Process for achieving genuine constitution
		The Constituent Assembly must be peopled by persons who have been duly, fairly and freely elected to represent their various constituencies or areas.
		A possible stalemate in the 1978 Constituent Assembly was averted by a verbal assurance of non-interference by the Federal Military Government with the decisions of the Assembly.
		The Constituent Assembly must not be a victim of such or else we shall not have a genuine Nigerian constitution.
	www.vanguardngr.com /articles/2002/politics/p305022004.html (1319 words)

	State Legislators' Perceptions of the Use of E-mail in Constituent Communication
		This lukewarm support for agenda-shifting in response to constituent e-mail could be explained by social desirability factors inherent in the question content, but may also have had to do with the relative importance legislators placed on the various means of communication with constituents.
		Constituent feedback that originates from within their districts as opposed to outside their districts was considered extremely important.
		The survey indicated that despite the importance of constituent feedback and the overwhelming increase in the amount of e-mails received by legislators, there is no current trend for legislators to report shifting their personal political agendas.
	jcmc.indiana.edu /vol8/issue4/sheffer.html (6147 words)

	DDL -- Electronic Constituent Assembly
		While agreeing that the concept of a Constituent Assembly is the right one to propose for revamping the Canadian Constitution, I must also state that the traditional conception of a small group of citizens, brought together to deliberate in one place, is archaic.
		Iff a constituent assembly becomes as captured by the experts as cabals of premiers in smoke-filled rooms are by them, a constituent assembly may not lead to any better result than executive federalism.
		The soft technology of the conventional constituent assembly is centred on argument and debate.
	www.ddleague-usa.net /eca.htm (2294 words)

	Article 370: Law and politics
		Once Kashmir's Constituent Assembly was "convened" on November 5, 1951, the State Government lost all authority to accord its "concurrence" to the Union.
		THE Constituent Assembly of India adopted the Constitution on November 26, 1949.
		This was a political accord between an individual, however eminent, and the Government, like the Punjab Accord (July 24, 1985); the Assam Accord (August 15, 1985); the Nagaland Accord (November 11, 1975); and the Mizoram Accord (June 30, 1986) - e ach between the government and the opposition.
	www.flonnet.com /fl1719/17190890.htm (4345 words)

	Politics of Namibia
		The Constituent Assembly of Namibia produced a constitution which established a multi-party system and a bill of rights.
		SWAPO has been a legal political party since its formation and was cautiously active in Namibia, although before implementation of the UN Plan, it was forbidden to hold meetings of more than 20 people, and its leadership was subject to frequent detention.
		In 1999 presidential and parliamentary elections, SWAPO continued its history of political dominance, taking 55 of the 72 Assembly seats, and returning President Sam Nujoma[?] to the office for his third term.
	www.fastload.org /po/Politics_of_Namibia.html (942 words)

	Four Systems of Policy, Politics and Choice by Theodore J. Lowi, A Value-Added Discussion
		Understanding the political aspects and how various interests are organized and formulated, as well as how those interests respond to the different kinds of policies is an important value-added to the public policy process.
		While it is seems to be the contention of many (especially from the political scientist viewpoint) that it is politics which determines policy, it is quite a paradigm shift to fully comprehend Lowi’s assumption that “policies that determine politics.” For me both appear to be inextricably linked.
		The fourth typology, constituent policy, seems as though it is an afterthought that became necessary to complete and round out his construct and he really never specifically addresses it in his article.
	filebox.vt.edu /b/blending/vap-lowi-bl.htm (1006 words)

	POLITICS-NEPAL: Rift Grows between Monarchy, Political Parties
		Stunned by the Oct. 4 dismissal of the government and the assumption of all executive powers by the king, political parties are forging a united front to pressure the king to undo his ''unconstitutional and undemocratic'' action.
		These days, even the mainstream political parties who acted as a bulwark against creeping republicanism are debating whether or not to support the Maoists' call for a new constitution.
		If the Congress and the CPN (UML) were to jointly support calls for a constituent assembly, then King Gyanendra could find it difficult to ignore such calls since the two parties jointly represent over 70 percent of the nation's electorate.
	ipsnews.net /interna.asp?idnews=13220 (1042 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| South Asia \| Q&A: Nepal's future
		Political parties who were then in opposition, and are now in government, had promised to work with the Maoists as a prelude to bringing them into government.
		On the other hand April's protests show there is huge pressure from ordinary Nepalis for change, peace and democracy as well as for a solution to the grinding poverty that affects so much of the population.
		He accused Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba's government of failing to win the support of the Maoist rebels for a deadline for peace talks and of failing to prepare the ground for elections in the spring of 2005.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/south_asia/2707107.stm (792 words)

	The Politics of Exclusion
		After a brief period of euphoria which seemed to usher in a new period of social relations and optimistic expectations of increased Indigenous and popular participation in political power, the country's elite reestablished their control and the lower classes were once again marginalized and excluded from political processes.
		Even before the constituent assembly was done with its work, Velasco Ibarra vocally expressed his opposition to the direction that the drafting of the constitution was taking.
		This political context led to a situation of partial democracy which continued to exclude the rural majority from the full exercise of their citizenship rights.
	www.yachana.org /research/confs/lasa2000/becker.html (5226 words)

	[Islam-Online- Politics]
		The respective constituent assemblies set up under the Independence Act were responsible for preparing new constitutions and, in the interim, functioned as federal legislative assemblies within the jurisdiction of the Government of India Act of 1935.
		In contrast, the constituent assembly of Pakistan arrived at a political gridlock and was dissolved by the governor-general, Ghulam Mohammed, in October 1954.
		It took another two years for a second constituent assembly to draft a constitution for Pakistan, which two years later in 1958 was abrogated by the military government of General Ayub Khan.
	www.islamonline.net /IOL-English/qadaya/qpolitic-6/qpolitic3.asp (413 words)

	NotiSur - Latin American Political Affairs; June 17, 1994
		He also objected to Duran Ballen's plan that 50% of the members of the Constituent Assembly would be appointed by government agencies, including the armed forces, and by unions and professional organizations, with the other 50% elected by voters.
		Political analysts say that after evaluating the results of congressional elections held in May, Duran Ballen decided to promote popular support for a constituent assembly, which would effectively paralyze Congress while the assembly was in session, and which could even dissolve Congress.
		Some analysts now say that Fujimori has hesitated to formally declare his candidacy because he first wants to be sure that he has a good chance of winning the election in the first round, since he and his backers are concerned that a united effort by the opposition could defeat him in a run-off.
	ssdc.ucsd.edu /news/notisur/h94/notisur.19940617.html (2725 words)

	Political Parties Politics East Timor Paige Johnson Tan
		Political activity was strongly controlled by the Indonesians to prevent the use of the territory’s political institutions to promote the independence agenda.
		Twelve parties attained seats in the Constituent Assembly via the proportional representation (PR) portion of the race (which was held for 75 of 88 seats), as did one party and one independent candidate competing in the district races (13 of 88 seats).
		Xanana Gusmao, speaking before the Constituent Assembly race, said: “Each party must promote, through their structures at the grassroots level, the policy of tolerance and of mutual respect in the democratic spirit which we are all engaged in developing.”[25] Gusmao promised also to adhere to the rule-based application of political power.
	people.uncw.edu /tanp/polsocpartieset.html (9416 words)

	Burnt Orange Report - This is what Constituent Service Looks Like
		Regardless of your political affiliation, Lloyd Doggett is a powerful voice for students at the University of Texas.
		With about 50,000 students and tens of thousands more in faculty and staff, the UT community is a significant constituency of the 10th Congressional District.
		There is a wide range of community service opportunities and philosophically diverse political organizations, both on campus and in the community, with which you can get involved.
	www.burntorangereport.com /archives/000382.html (1441 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Politics \| Ombudsman
		If a constituent believes that they have been unfairly treated by a government department then they can complain to their MP who may pass the complaint to the ombudsman.
		The function of the ombudsman, officially called the Parliamentary Commissioner for Administration, is to investigate these complaints and to report the findings to the department involved and the constituent's MP.
		If the ombudsman finds that the constituent has been treated unfairly he will request that the department involved corrects their mistake, either with an apology or compensation.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/low/uk_politics/a-z_of_parliament/m-o/82583.stm (155 words)

	e.politics: online advocacy tools & tactics
		I.e., using easily-available editing software to put their opponent in a compromising or unflattering position, posting the video on YouTube or some other video hosting site, and then spreading the word behind-the-scenes.
		Campaigns have already been accused of digitally manipulating photos, for instance to make a crowd at a friendly event seem larger than it actually was, and over the years political operatives have tried just about every dirty trick imaginable, from push-polling to outright voter intimidation.
		Mark Z. Barabak has a good overview article about political campaigns’ use of new technology in the LA Times (requires registration), focusing on podcasting and blogs but with some information about wireless/mobile technology and cable tv.
	www.epolitics.com (1254 words)

	NotiSur - Latin American Political Affairs; June 10, 1994
		Until recently, Guatemalan military leaders had adamantly resisted the creation of such a commission, representing a major stumbling block in the Guatemalan peace process, since the guerrillas insist that the commission's formation is a fundamental prerequisite for them to eventually down their arms.
		For example, in April the AI office in the United States sent a letter to Congress requesting continuation of the current freeze on military aid to Colombia, and the suspension of additional aid requests, because of AI's concern that such aid goes to groups--both official and paramilitary--responsible for human rights abuses.
		In March AI released a detailed report, "Political Violence in Colombia: Myth and Reality," in which the organization said it had confirmed official complicity in many of the 20,000 political assassinations that have occurred in the past eight years.
	ssdc.ucsd.edu /news/notisur/h94/notisur.19940610.html (2152 words)

	Business & Politics in Bolivia
		In regards to the Constituent Assembly representatives, MAS are said to have captured between 109 and 120 seats, followed by Podemos with 66 to 78 and UN with 9 to 12, followed by other minority parties, including MNR with 6.
		Secondary: AND, MNR and MIR play their last political cards.- Though I doubt any of these parties will cease to exist in the immediate future they do need a decent amount of votes in order to retain their rights as registered political entities.
		This was a nerve-racking bidding if there ever was one: plenty of controversy, politically motivated-stalling and intrigue, clashing of regional and political interests, mining industry nationalization scares and even a faux ministerial kidnapping.
	b2bolivia.blogspot.com (5112 words)

	Black Caucus shows constituent changes - The Washington Times: Nation/Politics - May 06, 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Cummings said the economic and racial diversity of his Baltimore-based district has exploded in less than a decade, and growing wealth in his district has caused him to have to strike more of a balance in the way he votes.
		Scott, an honors graduate of the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania who went on to establish his own advertising agency, is the first fl politician to be elected to a Southern district that was less than 40 percent fl.
		Scott said the Democratic Party still represents the best avenue for change, his political allegiance is not strongly tied to the party — the state party chairman ran against him in 2001.
	www.washingtontimes.com /national/20050506-122430-5180r.htm (1017 words)

	Economy Minister Sees Politics in Yukos Case - NEWS - MOSNEWS.COM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Speaking to journalists at a conference organized by Renaissance Capital, he explained that this constituent was a “normal way for a company to defend itself.
		The company itself has proclaimed this constituent many times, taking part in various political processes in particular,” RIA Novosti quoted the minister as saying.
		There are political risks for investors in Russia, as well as in any other country, the minister said.
	www.mosnews.com /news/2004/06/21/ministeryukos.shtml (519 words)

	GOP May Seek a Deal on Accounts (washingtonpost.com)
		But all this maneuvering assumes that Democrats are looking for compromise -- rather than the opportunity to hand Bush the kind of monumental defeat that President Bill Clinton suffered 11 years ago with his proposal to change the health care system.
		Clinton's signal error, most of his aides concluded in retrospect, was not dropping his plan in favor of a bipartisan deal on more modest legislation while he still had enough political leverage to bring Republicans to the table.
		Many anxious GOP legislators say they have received clear caution signals from constituents on trips home, and several polls reflect the headwind Bush is facing.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-dyn/articles/A56464-2005Feb26.html (799 words)

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