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Topic: Constitution of 1782

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Kingdom of Ireland

Henry Grattan

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1922 Constitution

Charles Haughey

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1801 Act of Union

Irish War of Independence

History of Ireland

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Lord Craigavon

	Liberty Library of Constitutional Classics
		Constitution of Medina (Dustur al-Madinah), Mohammed (622) — Constitution of government which united Muslims, Jews, Christians and pagans, in the city-state of Medina, perhaps the first written constitution.
		New Views of the Constitution of the United States, John Taylor (1823) — A discourse on the constitutional nature of the American union reflecting views of Jefferson and Madison.
		The American Republic: its Constitution, Tendencies, and Destiny, O. Brownson (1866) — Argument against secession, distinguishes the constitution of government from the underlying constitution of the society, and territorial from socialistic or egoistic democracy.
	www.constitution.org /liberlib.htm (3675 words)

	Henry Grattan - LoveToKnow 1911
		This was the constitution which Molyneux and Swift had denounced, which Flood had attacked, and which Grattan was to destroy.
		Though now free from constitutional control it was no less subject than before to the influence of corruption, which the English government had wielded through the Irish borough owners, known as the "undertakers," or more directly through the great executive officers.
		Grattan had married in 1782 Henrietta Fitzgerald, a lady descended from the ancient family of Desmond, by whom he had two sons and two daughters.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Henry_Grattan (1972 words)

	The Avalon Project : Constitution of Vermont - July 8, 1777
		This constitution was framed by a convention which assembled at Windsor, July 2, 1777, and completed its labors July 8, 1777.
		It was affirmed by the legislature at its sessions in 1780 and 1782, and declared to be a part of the laws of the State.
		The publick attention being arrested by the evacuation of Tyconderoga, and the progress of the enemy under General Burgoyne; the constitution was not printed, seasonable, to have the election holden in December.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/states/vt01.htm (3129 words)

	Constitution of 1782 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		These restrictions had, in effect, allowed the Irish executive of the British Lord Lieutenant of Ireland to control the parliamentary agenda and to restrict its ability to legislate for the interests of Ireland rather than the kingdoms of England (pre-1707) and Great Britain (1707-1800).
		These restrictions were all lifted in 1782, producing a period of unheard-of legislative freedom.
		This period came to be known as Grattan's Parliament after Henry Grattan, a major campaigner for reform in the Parliament's Irish House of Commons.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Constitution_of_1782 (279 words)

	The winners make the laws. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		From 1692 to 1782 Parliament met every second year; annual sessions were held from 1782 until the passing of the Act of Union.
		No provision was made in the Constitution of 1782-1800 guarding against such a deadlock, or for reconciling differences in the case of a conflict of opinion.
		The latter are: the Court of probate, constituted a Court of record by 20 and 21 Vict.
	www.eiretek.org /chapters/books/General/law.htm (14884 words)

	[No title]
		A federal grand jury investigation is not a "proceeding in a foreign or international tribunal." Section 1782 simply does not purport to allow witnesses summoned before a grand jury to assert privileges that may exist in some other country.
		Instead, the Court in Murphy carefully distinguished that case from the federal-state case before it (378 U.S. at 67); as the Court's discussion indicated (id. at 67-68), there are differences between the two cases that would justify not extendinig the privilege to protect against incrimination in a foreign prosecution.
		Few courts have had to address the constitutional question, because the subpoenaed witness can rarely make the threshold showing of a substantial risk of a foreign prosecution that is required by Zicarelli.
	www.usdoj.gov /osg/briefs/1987/sg870395.txt (3370 words)

	[No title]
		The negative characteristic of the English constitution is the absence of federalism or of the federal spirit.
		In Ireland therefore the new constitution abolishes the effective exercise of authority by the Imperial Parliament in matters of administration, in matters of legislation, in matters of finance; every concern which affects the daily life of Irishmen will be under the control of the Irish Cabinet and the Irish Parliament.
		The constitution of 1782 gave legislative independence to Ireland, but did not degrade the British Parliament to the position which will be occupied by the Imperial Parliament under the constitution of 1893.
	www.ibiblio.org /pub/docs/books/gutenberg/1/5/5/7/15572/15572-8.txt (17425 words)

	Constitutional Topic: Articles of Confederation - The U.S. Constitution Online - USConstitution.net
		The Constitutional Topics pages at the USConstitution.net site are presented to delve deeper into topics than can be provided on the Glossary Page or in the
		The Articles of Confederation is the document that was the basis for the United States Government prior to that established in the Constitution.
		The Constitution established the government we are familiar with today.
	www.usconstitution.net /consttop_arti.html (1861 words)

	DD Revival
		The Court's violation of the Constitution and their violation of their oath to protect citizen rights as expressed in the Constitution is a straightforward treason, already established in law by verdicts given in the case of the secessionist state legislators in the 1860s.
		The French 2005 referendum rejected the EU Constitution, which was nothing but an enslavement document ending all national sovereignty in the EU member nations for the benefit of fascist corporatism at its superrich owners.
		Violation of our state constitutions date back to before the 1789 Constitution was unconstitutionally ratified, in violation of the standing, enviolable national constitution, the 1782 Articles of Confederation.
	ddrevival.blogspot.com (14914 words)

	Ireland's OWN: History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		However the Dáil Constitution passed by the Dáil in 1919 made clear that the Príomh Aire (or President of Dáil Éireann as it came to be called) was merely prime minister — the literal translation of Príomh Aire — not a full head of state.
		First, though the 1922 constitution was supposed to require amendment through public plebiscite eight years after its passage, the Free State government under W.T. Cosgrave had amended that period to 16 years, meaning that until 1938 the Free State constitution could be amended by the simple passage of a Constitutional Amendment Act through the Oireachtas.
		Thirdly, in theory the Constitution had to be in keeping with the provisions of the Anglo-Irish Treaty, the fundamental law of the state.
	irelandsown.net /devalera.html (2256 words)

	CHAPTER XXVII
		They were marked by a great deal of that strained and exaggerated mannerism of expression which was habitual to him, and they speak in no doubtful tones of his indignation at what had occurred; but they were, at the same time, in substance eminently moderate, and evidently intended to maintain the Catholics in their allegiance.
		These measures were, the establishment of seminaries for the education of priests, and a provision for the parochial clergy, by which they might be relieved [103] from their present state of dependence, and their parishioners from a portion of the burden to which they were subject.
		He appears to have been one of the many men who have been impelled by an eager intellectual temperament into situations of danger, which their nervous organisation was quite unfit to endure, and there is, I think, no reason to doubt that for many years he was sincerely attached to the popular cause.
	www.chapters.eiretek.org /currentbook/V7Ch27.htm (14658 words)

	Our Masonic Constitution
		Clausen, an attorney, is naturally proud of the Constitution's Supreme Court, with Brother John Marshall the first Chief Justice, and the man who revealed the Masons' contempt for us all in his enunciation of "judicial review," which meant simply that the Supreme Court was the true power.
		The Constitution was a contract between the States and the People, the former represented by Senators appointed by State legislatures and the latter by Representatives elected popularly.
		They've had us waving their flag and praising their fraudulent Constitution all these bloody years while they steadily chipped away at the Bill of Rights so that today it is virtually non-existent.
	www.rense.com /general50/ccons.htm (1364 words)

	Jefferson on Politics & Government: Interpreting the Constitution
		The purpose of a written constitution is entirely defeated if, in interpreting it as a legal document, its provisions are manipulated and worked around so that the document means whatever the manipulators wish.
		Jefferson recognized this danger and spoke out constantly for careful adherence to the Constitution as written, with changes to be made by amendment, not by tortured and twisted interpretations of the text.
		"The Constitution of the United States is a compact of independent nations subject to the rules acknowledged in similar cases, as well that of amendment provided within itself, as, in case of abuse, the justly dreaded but unavoidable ultimo ratio gentium [the final argument of nations, i.e., war]." --Thomas Jefferson to Edward Everett, 1826.
	etext.virginia.edu /jefferson/quotations/jeff1020.htm (2786 words)

	John Jay
		Although he thought about returning to England when independence was declared by the colonists, he remained in New York, and assisted in the drafting of the New York constitution of 1777, which was influential in the drafting, a decade later, of the federal Constitution.
		In 1782, Jay, Benjamin Franklin and John Adams were sent to Paris to negotiate a peace treaty with England.
		Jay was a delegate at New York's Constitutional Convention, and supported adoption of the Constitution (which New York did by a 30-27 vote).
	www.michaelariens.com /ConLaw/justices/jay.htm (369 words)

	History of Ireland
		Part of the agreement which led to the Act of Union stipulated that the Penal Laws were to be repealed and Catholic Emancipation[?] granted.
		A country once gripped by poverty and emigration in the 1990s became one of the fastest growing economies in the world, a phenomenon that was called the Celtic Tiger.
		A society once heavily dominated by Roman Catholicism has become a liberal democracy, repealing its constitutional ban on divorce and adopting some of the most progressive laws on gay rights in Europe.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ir/Ireland___History.html (3682 words)

	Gilder Lehrman Center: Sources: Irish House of Commons, Monday, Feb. 17
		The House having gone into a Committee on the articles of the Union, Mr.
		He then went into the powers of the Legislative part of the Constitution, shewing that it had no controul in Imperial concerns.
		He next traced the disturbances which followed in Ireland the French Revolution, beginning with the United Conspiracy in 1791; their acquisition of strength in 1793; the Convention Act, made necessary by an attempt to supersede the Parliament; the Gunpowder Act, &c.
	www.yale.edu /glc/archive/919.htm (591 words)

	weicekarticle
		Moreover, the colonies constitutions had embedded in them guarantees of English liberty (jury trial, habeas corpus) that Americans claimed as their constitutional birthright, and slavery was blighted by these too.
		First, he accounted for the presence of the due process clause in the Constitution by a benevolent conspiracy theory: the framers supposedly felt obliged to counterbalance their concessions to slavery by insisting that the victims of those concessions be only those who were held to be slaves by due process of law.
		These considerations suggested that the tangled, obscure, and difficult question of citizenship would be a weak reed for abolitionists to lean on, and encouraged them to rely instead on the third of their major arguments against slavery in the states, the guarantee clause.
	www.lysanderspooner.org /weicekarticle.html (6672 words)

	The Patriot Resource Documents: United States Constitution
		All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.
		Clause 1: All Debts contracted and Engagements entered into, before the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution, as under the Confederation.
		The Ratification of the Conventions of nine States, shall be sufficient for the Establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the Same.
	www.patriotresource.com /documents/constitution.html (2462 words)

	Documents from the Continental Congress and the Constitutional Convention, 1774-1789 - America During the Age of ...
		Documents from the Continental Congress and the Constitutional Convention, 1774-1789
		In May, the Second Continental Congress adopted a resolution authorizing the colonies to adopt new constitutions; the former colonial governments had dissolved with the outbreak of war.
		When North Carolina and Virginia empowered their delegates to vote for American independence, Virginian Richard Henry Lee offered a resolution stating that the colonies "are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States." A committee was appointed to draft a declaration of independence, and Thomas Jefferson was chosen to write it.
	memory.loc.gov /ammem/collections/continental/timelin2.html (476 words)

	[No title]
		The action of Grattan and his supporters in wresting the impossible Constitution of 1782, from the harassed and desperate English Government, began that fatal policy of substituting political agitation for economic reform which has ever since marred the Irish Nationalist movement.
		The close of the nineteenth century and the opening of the twentieth were, in reality, in spite of a certain amount of agrarian crime, organised and subsidised from abroad, a period of much greater peace and more widespread prosperity than the bloodstained years that marked the close of the eighteenth century--and of the Irish Parliament.
		In connection with the question last-mentioned it may be necessary at some time to consider how far it is the constitutional right of this country to impose upon the minority in Ireland the new obligations implied in a grant to the whole island of colonial Home Rule.
	www.ibiblio.org /pub/docs/books/gutenberg/1/5/4/5/15450/15450-8.txt (16346 words)

	History of Ireland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		His aim was to restore the constitution of 1782.
		The 26 counties were constituted the Irish Free State and given the status of a dominion.
		The Patriots gained control of the Volunteers, and, with their help, Henry Grattan was able to force the British government to remove the restrictions on Irish trade and on the Irish Parliament.
	www.jimkelley.com /irishhistory.htm (7671 words)

	The Foundation for a Better Life (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In his late seventies, Franklin returned to America and served as a delegate to the Constitutional Convention where he signed the Constitution.
		He stands alone as the only person to have signed all four of the documents which helped to create the United States: the Declaration of Independence (1776), the Treaty of Alliance, Amity, and Commerce with France (1778), the Treaty of Peace between England, France, and the United States (1782), and the Constitution (1787).
		Franklin died on April 17, 1790 at the age of 84.
	www.forbetterlife.org /billboards/details.asp?id=84 (545 words)

	Against Home Rule: the case for the Union
		In such a contention there is some element of truth, But it must be observed in the first place that dreams, however vivid, are not eternal; and, in the second place, that while this particular dream endures it supplies a practical argument against Home Rule, the full force of which is commonly under-rated.
		But surely on a question of such vital moment to the Empire as the revision of the constitution of the United Kingdom, the bases, if not the details, of the contemplated change are deserving of prolonged consideration and even of some public and ordered discussion.
		Under such a constitution an Irish Government would have power to forbid or restrict recruiting for the Imperial forces in Ireland, and to raise and train a force of its own.
	www.ucc.ie /celt/published/E900031.html (16416 words)

	History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		All were Protestants of some standing, as they had to serve without pay or allowance and provide their own uniform, arms and equipment.
		The Constitution of 1782 established the formal independence of the Irish Parliament and of the Irish judicial system.
		The Movement having achieved its main objectives was undecided about its next move, and divided about such matters as reform of the Irish Parliament and Catholic Emancipation (The right to sit in Parliament).Having gradually lost its coherence and direction the Volunteers thereafter went into decline.
	website.lineone.net /~dlol10/history3.html (261 words)

	Selected Works of James Madison
		Debates in the Federal Convention of 1787 — Proceedings of the Constitutional Convention held in Philadelphia, an essential guide to interpreting the intent of the Framers, but not published until 1840, following his death.
		Speech in the Virginia Ratifying Convention in Defense of the Constitution, June 6, 1788
		Observations on the "Draught of a Constitution for Virginia," c.
	www.constitution.org /jm/jm.htm (808 words)

	jottings: Irish Republican Army
		The party's founder and leader, Arthur Griffith, was campaigning for a dual monarchy with Britain, a return to the status quo of the Constitution of 1782, enacted by the Irish Parliament under Henry Grattan's Parliament.
		The new leadership of the Irish Republic worried that the IRA would not accept its authority, given that the Volunteers, under their own constitution, was bound to obey their own executive and no other body.
		The fear was increased when, on the very day the new national parliament was meeting, 21 January 1919 the IRA, acting on their own initiative, killed two Royal Irish Constabulary constables (James McDonnell and Patrick O'Connell) by Seán Tracy and Dan Breen while the South Tipperary IRA volunteer unit were seizing a quantity of gelignite.
	fuckmba.blogspot.com /2006/01/irish-republican-army.html (4113 words)

	12. New Formats for the New World / Formatting the Word of God
		According to the Journal of Congress, an extract of which was reprinted as the Bible’s preface, the Congress voted 12 September, 1782, to "recommend this edition of the Bible to the inhabitants of the United States" and authorized Aitken to publish their recommendation as he wished (A1).
		Recent proponents of prayer in the schools have cited it as a precedent for official recognition of the Bible by the government and have called for a Constitutional amendment that would allow Bible reading and prayer in public schools.
		Nevertheless, Aitken’s Bible of 1782 can safely be called the first English Bible printed in America with an American imprint.
	www.smu.edu /bridwell/publications/ryriecatalog/xii_3.htm (606 words)

	Part 16 of History of the Commercial and Financial Relations between England and Ireland from the Period of the ...
		Now she had comparatively little, for the principal restraints on Irish commercial development had been removed, while the Irish Parliament after 1782 was a very different affair from the Irish Parliament at the beginning of the century.
		The debates had been almost entirely concerned with the constitutional aspect of the question, and little was said on either commercial or financial points.
		Irish revenues were to constitute a consolidated fund on which the payments for Ireland's pre-Union debt was to be a first charge; the remainder of the revenue was to go to meet Ireland's share of the joint expenditure.
	www.ucc.ie /celt/published/E900040/text016.html (8828 words)

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