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Topic: Constitution of Austria

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	Science Fair Projects - Constitution of Austria
		In spite of its name, the Constitution of Austria is not a comprehensive specification of the procedural and ideological framework of Austrian politics but merely forms the kernel of a large body of constitutional law scattered across literally dozens of separate legal documents.
		Austria's state constitutions congruently define the states to be unicameral parliamentary democracies; each state is outfitted with a legislature elected by popular vote and a cabinets appointed by said legislature.
		Since constitutional convention prevents the executive from exerting its authority to dissolve the Nation Council, the president is unable to hector the legislature into doing his or her bidding, and the president's cabinet is for all intents and purposes subject to National Council approval.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Federal_Constitution_(Austria) (2564 words)

	Constitution of Austria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In spite of its name, the Constitution of Austria is not a comprehensive specification of the procedural and ideological framework of Austrian politics but merely forms the kernel of a large body of constitutional law scattered across literally dozens of separate legal documents.
		Austria's state constitutions congruently define the states to be unicameral parliamentary democracies; each state is outfitted with a legislature elected by popular vote and a cabinets appointed by said legislature.
		Since constitutional convention prevents the executive from exerting its authority to dissolve the Nation Council, the president is unable to hector the legislature into doing his or her bidding, and the president's cabinet is for all intents and purposes subject to National Council approval.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Federal_Constitution_(Austria) (2443 words)

	Austria - MSN Encarta
		During the 16th and 17th centuries Austria also was involved in the strife that followed the Protestant Reformation in Europe.
		Following Austria’s defeat at the Battle of Wagram in 1809, Francis’s daughter Marie Louise married Napoleon, cementing the peace treaty negotiated by Prince Klemens von Metternich.
		Austria became a leading power in both the German Confederation, which replaced the Holy Roman Empire, and the Holy Alliance of European rulers.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761575697_10/Austria.html (1774 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Austria
		Austria is a parliamentary representative democracy consisting of nine federal states and is one of six European countries that have declared permanent neutrality and one of the few countries that includes the concept of everlasting neutrality in their constitution.
		Austria, shorn of Hungary, was proclaimed a republic in 1918.
		The second Austrian republic, established 19 December 1945, on the basis of the 1920 constitution (amended in 1929), was declared by the federal parliament to be permanently neutral.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Austria (4817 words)

	Articles - President of Austria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Since Austria had not finalized its decision to structure itself as a federation prior to the formal implementation of the definitive Constitution of Austria on October 1, 1920, referring to Seitz as Federal President would have been inaccurate.
		The constitution originally defined Austria to be a prototypical parliamentary republic assigning executive as well as legislative almost entirely to the parliament.
		When Austria re-established itself as an independent nation on April 27, 1945, the party leaders forming the provisional government decided not to frame new basic law but fall back to the 1929 version of the 1920 constitution.
	www.x-moto.net /articles/List_of_Federal_Presidents_of_Austria (2148 words)

	Austria Ratifies EU Constitution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Austria's parliament overwhelmingly ratified the European Union's constitution Wednesday, the seventh nation to do so, setting aside fears that the small country would be overrun by bigger EU members once the document takes effect.
		The constitution was approved by all but one of the 182 lawmakers present.
		All 25 EU member countries must ratify the constitution for it to take effect, and it is up to each country to decide whether to hold a referendum or just a parliamentary vote.
	sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/n/a/2005/05/11/international/i070926D21.DTL&type=printable (204 words)

	Encyclopedia: ReichsprÃ¤sident (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Weimar constitution created a The semi-presidential system is a system of government that features both a prime minister and a president who are active participants in the day to day functioning of government.
		This may be the adoption of a new constitution, a constitutional amendment, a law, the recall of an elected official or simply a...
		The provisions of the Weimar constitution for the impeachment or deposition of the president are similar to those found in the The Constitution of Austria or sterreichisches Bundes-Verfassungsgesetz (B-VG) is one of the chartas governing political life in the Republic of Austria.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Reichspr%E4sident (6075 words)

	Austria
		The common concerns are delegated to the federal parliament and government of the "State Austria", which is represented in the capital in Vienna (this is somewhat similar to the the German and also to the USA constitution).
		Austria is a small but proud country with a big history comparable with all other countries in the world.
		Austria is famous for its cultural and educational background in the population.
	www.meg-glaser.com /austria_img.html (610 words)

	Articles - National Council of Austria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Austria's federal constitution defines Austria to be a presidential democracy : the executive branch of government is supposed to be headed by the president and not to be answerable to the legislative branch.
		Austria accordingly functions as a parliamentary democracy : for all intents and purposes, the cabinet is subject to approval by the National Council, the president being little more than a figurehead.
		A related discrepancy between Austrian constitutional theory and Austrian political practice is that the constitution defines the President of the National Council to be Austria's second highest public official, junior only to the president proper.
	www.kamero.net /articles/National_Council_of_Austria (1043 words)

	Austria - MSN Encarta
		Austria has a highly developed system of rail, air, water, and highway transportation.
		Austria is known for its highway system, leading to even the remotest valley and highest mountains.
		Executive power is exercised by the president of the republic, who is elected by popular vote every six years, and by the Council of Ministers, or cabinet, which is headed by a chancellor, appointed by the president for a term not exceeding four years.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761575697_7____34/Austria.html (543 words)

	Politics of Austria - Enpsychlopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		As of the beginning of the twenty-first century, Austria's Second Republic presents itself as a stable federal republic with a written constitution, governed according to the principles of representative democracy and the rule of law.
		Even though the Republic of Austria is just slightly larger than Maine, Scotland, or Hokkaidō;, and even though it is home to an ethnically and culturally homogenous population of barely more than eight million people, Austria's constitution characterizes the republic as a federation consisting of nine autonomous federal states.
		Aside from the fact that the states of Austria lack an independent judiciary on the one hand and that their autonomy is largely notional on the other hand, Austria's government structure is surprisingly similar to that of incomparably larger federal republics such as Germany or the United States.
	www.grohol.com /psypsych/Politics_of_Austria (1888 words)

	REC: Doors to Democracy - Western Europe: Austria (1)
		Austria is a member state of the Espoo Convention, the UN ECE Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context.
		Austria is also a member of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the UN General Assembly on December 10, 1948.
		Austria is a confederation, and as such the authority to regulate environmental protection is split between the federal government and the nine individual states (Bundeslander).
	www.rec.org /REC/Publications/PPDoors/WEST/Austria1.html (5207 words)

	Slovakia and Austria back constitution \| The Guardian \| Guardian Unlimited
		In Germany, the constitution was expected to sail through a vote today in the legislature's lower house, to be followed by a final vote in the upper house on May 27.
		The constitution streamlines decision-making and establishes an EU president and foreign minister in moves aimed at making the union, which took on 10 new members last year, more efficient.
		Austria's chancellor, Wolfgang Schüssel, said the constitution was a well-balanced solution for an expanded union.
	www.guardian.co.uk /international/story/0,,1481742,00.html (207 words)

	Austria
		Austria was invited by the Community of Democracies' (CD) Convening Group to attend the November 2002 second CD Ministerial Meeting in Seoul, Republic of Korea, as a participant.
		In June the Constitutional Court struck down Article 209 of the criminal code, in which sexual relations between a male between the ages of 14 and 18 and an adult male is punishable with sentences ranging from 6 months to 5 years.
		Austria was a transit and final destination country for women trafficked from Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, and the Balkans; the women were trafficked into Austria and other western European countries, primarily for the purpose of sexual exploitation.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2002/18352.htm (7843 words)

	Government - Austria - Europe
		Austria is a democratic, federal republic governed according to the constitution of 1920, as amended in 1929 and subsequently modified.
		Like the constitutions of many other Western democracies, the constitution of Austria provides for a distinct division of power among the executive, the legislative, and the judicial branches of government.
		Laws having their origin in 1862 and 1867 guarantee basic human rights and liberties; the rights of minorities are also guaranteed by the constitution.
	www.countriesquest.com /europe/austria/government.htm (74 words)

	Austria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Austria's magnificent natural heritage is one of the reasons behind the heightened environmental awareness of Austrians.
		Austria is a federal republic; executive authority is divided between nine provinces and the federal bodies in Vienna.
		Austria is committed to multilateralism; Vienna is the third UN city and the headquarters of the OSCE.
	www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca /canadaeuropa/austria/aboutaus-en.asp (1329 words)

	Austrian Constitution of 4 March 1849
		The Emperor is crowned as Emperor of Austria.
		The Constitution of the Kingdom of Hungary is to a great extent maintained, but those regulations which are not in harmony with this Constitution are done away with, and equal justice will be done to all nationalities as regards their native languages and all the relations of public and domestic life.
		The internal administration and constitution of the Principality of Transylvania will be fixed by a special statute; on the principle, however, of its entire independence of Hungary, and of equal justice being done to all races inhabiting the country and in harmony with this Constitution.
	www.geocities.com /dagtho/austrianconst18490304.html (4352 words)

	Austria
		Austria is a multiparty parliamentary democracy in which constitutional power is shared between the popularly elected President and the 183-member Parliament.
		The Constitution provides for freedom of speech and of the press, and the Government generally respected these rights in practice; however, the strict application of slander laws tends to discourage reports of police brutality.
		The Constitution provides citizens with the right to change their government peacefully, and citizens exercised this right in practice through periodic, free, and fair elections held on the basis of universal suffrage.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2003/27825.htm (7653 words)

	World War I - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		On June 28, 1914, Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria and heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, was assassinated in Sarajevo by Gavrilo Princip, a Bosnian Serb student.
		As agreed to in 1867 the Habsburgs would be Emperors of Austria and Kings of Hungary.
		The outbreak of the conflict is often attributed to the alliances established over the previous decades â” Germany - Austria - Italy vs. France - Russia ; Britain and Serbia being aligned with the latter.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/World_War_I (8068 words)

	GlobaLex - The Austrian Legal System and Laws Guide
		Constitutional law is given a higher status by virtue of the fact that it is harder to amend.
		A “complete alteration” to the constitution takes place when the constitution is so radically amended that either one of the leading principles needs to be removed, or the relationship of the principles to each other becomes essentially altered.
		The Constitutional Court also adjudicates conflicts: (i) in the legislative competences between the federation and the federal provinces; (ii) between courts of ordinary jurisdiction and administrative authorities and/or courts of public jurisdiction; (iii) between itself and the Admistrative Court (Verwaltungsgerihtshof (VwGH)).
	www.nyulawglobal.org /globalex/Austria.htm (3310 words)

	Tourism in Austria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Austria - a small country with an area of 83.84 square kilometers (32.274 square miles) and 8.1 million inhabitants - is situated in the very heart of Europe.
		As stated in its constitution, Austria is a democratic republic, composed of nine federal provinces.
		Approximately 19% of the total territory is arable land, 25% is grassland, 40% consists of forests, and the remaining 15% is mountain regions.
	www.austria.org.tr /tourism/tourism.htm (373 words)

	JURIST Austria - Austrian law, legal research, human rights
		Austria is a constitutional democracy with a federal parliamentary form of government.
		The highest courts of Austria's independent judiciary are the Constitutional Court; the Administrative Court, which handles bureaucratic disputes; and the Supreme Court, for civil and criminal cases.
		Cases in the Administrative and Supreme Courts concerning constitutional issues can be appealed to the Constitutional Court.
	jurist.law.pitt.edu /world/austria.htm (448 words)

	EU constitution leads Austria to question its neutrality — EUbusiness - EU business, legal and financial news and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Austria has been a neutral state since 1955 when its statehood was restored after World War II.
		Austria increasinly resembles a lone island in central Europe in terms of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO).
		But Schuessel's government lacks the two-thirds majority in parliament needed to amend the constitution and Austrians remain very attached to their neutrality, which is symbol of the independence they regained in 1955.
	www.eubusiness.com /Austria/031210143420.lb6tbtb4 (700 words)

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