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JURIST - Bahrain: Bahraini Law, Legal Research, Human Rights Bahrain is a hereditary emirate under the rule of the Al Khalifa family. Among other issues, the referendum paved the way for Bahrain to become a constitutional monarchy and to change the country's official name from the State of Bahrain to the Kingdom of Bahrain (a change which took effect in February 2002). Bahrain's five governorates are administered by the Minister of State for Municipalities and the Environment in conjunction with each Governorate's Governor. jurist.law.pitt.edu /world/bahrain.htm   (924 words)

History of Bahrain: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02) The kingdom of bahrain, or bahrain (occasionally spelt bahrein), is a borderless island nation in the persian gulf (southwest asia/middle... Bahrain became a principal centre of knowledge for hundreds of years stretching from the early days of Islam in the sixth century to the eighteenth century. Bahrain historical sights are the scenes of tombs and remnants of schools that explain the importance of knowledge and knowledgeable persons in the history of Bahrain. www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/h/hi/history_of_bahrain.htm   (2156 words)

Constitutional amendment - Information from Reference.com A flexible constitution is one that may be amended by a simple act of the legislature, in the same way as it passes ordinary laws. In referenda to amend the constitutions of Australia and Switzerland it is required that a proposal be endorsed not just by an overall majority of the electorate in the nation as a whole, but also by separate majorities in each of a majority of the states or cantons. Most provisions of the constitution of Lithuania may be amended by a special legislative majority but a change to the status of the state as an "independent democratic republic" must be endorsed by a three-quarters majority in a referendum. www.reference.com /search?q=Constitutional+amendment   (1627 words)

ICL - Bahrain Constitution Exceptionally to clauses b, c and d of Article 35 of this Constitution, for any provision of this Constitution to be amended the amendment must be approved by a two-thirds majority of the members of whom both the Consultative Council and Chamber of Deputies are composed, and the amendment must be approved by the King. It is not permissible to propose an amendment to Article 2 of this Constitution, and it is not permissible under any circumstances to propose the amendment of the constitutional monarchy and the principle of inherited rule in Bahrain, as well as the bi-cameral system and the principles of freedom and equality established in this Constitution. It is not permissible under any circumstances to suspend the convening of the Consultative Council or the Chamber of Deputies during that period or to infringe upon the immunity of their members, or during the proclamation of a state of national safety. www.oefre.unibe.ch /law/icl/ba00000_.html   (8980 words)

ipedia.com: History of Bahrain Article   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02) Bahrain was once part of the ancient civilization of Dilmun and served as an important link in trade r... Bahrain was once part of the ancient civilization of Dilmun and served as an important link in trade routes between Sumeria and the Indus Valley as long as 5,000 years ago. Based on its 1971 constitution, Bahrain elected its first parliament in 1973, but just 2 years later, in August 1975, the Amir disbanded the National Assembly because the Parliament attempted to legislate the end of Al-Khalifa rule and the expulsion of the U.S. Navy from Bahrain. www.ipedia.com /history_of_bahrain.html   (535 words)

ICL - Bahrain - Old Constitution (1973) If the date of the meeting of the Assembly falls after the annual date mentioned in Article 48 of the Constitution, the duration of the session specified in Article 47 herein shall be reduced by the difference between the said two dates. (a) Notwithstanding the provision of Article 35 of this Constitution, for an amendment to be made to any provision of this Constitution, it is stipulated that it shall be passed by a majority vote of two-thirds of the members constituting the Assembly and ratified by the Amir. This Constitution shall be published in the Official Gazette and shall come into force as from the date of the meeting of the National Assembly which shall be not later than the Sixteenth Day of December, 1973. www.servat.unibe.ch /law/icl/ba01000_.html   (7919 words)

Russia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia They in turn were displaced by a group of Scandinavians, the Varangians, who established a capital at the Slavic city of Novgorod and gradually merged with Slavic ruling classes. The Slavs constituted the bulk of the population from the 8th century onwards and slowly assimilated both the Scandinavians as well as native Finno-Ugric tribes, such as the Merya, the Muromians and the Meshchera. On September 21, 1993, Yeltsin disbanded the Supreme Soviet and the Congress of People's Deputies by decree, which was illegal under the constitution. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Russia   (5846 words)

ICL - Bahrain Index Bahrain is a very small state with two main islands and some reefs and islets. The State of Bahrain was renamed "Kingdom of Bahrain", Sheikh Hamad declared himself King Hamad and now calls his decrees Royal Orders. Dec 1994: 14 signatories of a public petition seek return to a liberal constitution, women's suffrage, and an elected assembly. www.servat.unibe.ch /law/icl/ba__indx.html   (455 words)

Bureau of International Labor Affairs (ILAB) - U.S. Department of Labor The Constitution guarantees free and compulsory primary education. [320] According to the Constitution, the government is responsible for protection of children from exploitation and neglect, as well as assisting their physical, moral, and intellectual growth. Article 7 of the Constitution reads that the early stages of education are free and compulsory as specified and provided by law. www.dol.gov /ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2004/bahrain.htm   (907 words)

Articles - Bahrain   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02) Bahrain has long been a popular tourist destination for visitors from neighboring states, but growing awareness of its rich heritage dating back five thousand years to the Dilmun civilization means that the Kingdom is steadily attracting visitors from further abroad. Many people of Bahrain had felt that this type of education did not fulfil the academic efficiency that match with the spirit of age. The first institution of higher education in Bahrain, the Gulf Polytechnic, was accomplished in 1968 as the Gulf Technical College. www.pointgathering.com /articles/Bahrain   (425 words)

LE - Bahrain - Teacher Page Bahrain, a small Arab kingdom in the Middle East, is not often mentioned in U.S. textbooks. Bahrain" unit frames those questions for students and offers them clues for further research into a country that — small as it is — has an important role in its region. The UN's current Human Development Report, which ranks Bahrain 39th among 173 countries for "high human development," is a good source on quality-of-life trends in contemporary nations. www.learningenrichment.org /bahrain_teach.html   (1107 words)

Middle East Desk : Bahrain By royal decree in 2002, Bahrain held the first universal-suffrage elections in the Arab Gulf states, which were also the first elections in which Bahraini women could vote and run for office. The king retains the power to amend the constitution and arbitrarily dissolve the elected lower house of the parliament, and the royally appointed upper house can overturn the lower house’s legislation. Though hydrocarbons are the basis of the economy, predictions of dwindling reserves have led to economic diversification. middleeastdesk.org /bahrain   (293 words)

CONSTITUTION OF THE CENTRE FOR MARKETING INFORMATION AND Bahrain, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Syria, Tunisia and Yemen. No proposal for the amendment of this Constitution shall be placed on the agenda of the General Assembly unless the Depositary has brought it to the notice of the Members of INFOSAMAK at least 45 days prior to the opening session of the General Assembly. This Constitution shall be open for signature in Manama (Bahrain), on 24 June 1993, and thereafter, at the Headquarters of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in Rome. www.fao.org /Legal/TREATIES/025t-e.htm   (5258 words)

Bureau of International Labor Affairs (ILAB) - U.S. Department of Labor Primary education is compulsory and free under the Constitution and generally lasts until the age of 12 or 13. [266] Bahrain’s Shura Council approved a draft Education Law on October 9, 2001, that will enforce the compulsory aspect of education by imposing fines of up to 100 Bahraini Dinar (USD 263) on parents of students who fail to attend school. The Government of Bahrain has not ratified ILO Convention 138, but ratified ILO Convention 182 on March 23, 2001. www.dol.gov /ILAB/media/reports/iclp/tda2003/bahrain.htm   (912 words)

Bahrain - Constitution However, legislative authorisation, limited for a certain period and in respect of a specified matter or matters, may be made, and shall be practised in accordance with the law of authorisation and the condition thereof. Should necessity arise for urgent measures to be taken while the National Assembly is not in session or is dissolved, the Amir may issue decrees in respect thereof which shall have the force of law, provided that they shall not be contrary to the Constitution or the appropriations included in the budget law. If the elections are not held within the said period, the dissolved Assembly shall be restored to its full constitutional authority and shall meet immediately as if the dissolution had not taken place. www.trybunal.gov.pl /constit/constitu/constit/bahrain/bahran-e.htm   (7742 words)

The Constitution of Bahrain Nati The undersigned founders, members of Bahrain Chamber of Commerce and Industry and others, formed a national committee, which shall be called “Bahrain National Committee for the International Chamber of Commerce”. To encourage participation of the economic groups in Bahrain in the resolution of International commercial disputes by arbitration committees of the International Chamber of Commerce. Advise the financial, industrial and commercial bodies and institutions in addition to public authorities and organizations in Bahrain - as the case may be - on recommendations and resolutions issued by the International Chamber of Commerce. www.bahrainchamber.org.bh /icc/1-6.htm   (1552 words)

MOFA: Amendment to the Constitution of Bahrain The Government of Japan congratulates Bahrain on establishing a bicameral parliament and becoming a constitutional monarchy, in the course of its progress towards democratization. After the amendments, the Amir of Bahrain, Sheikh Hamad, gave an address, announcing that municipal elections would be held on May 19 this year, and that a general election to commence the bicameral parliament would be held on October 24 this year, as steps towards the establishment of a parliament. The Government of Japan has supported the Bahrain's progress towards democratization, which has already been promoted by King Hamad up to the present, and therefore welcomes these amendments to the constitution that result in determining the concrete process towards future democratization, granting the suffrage to its women, and promoting further democratization. www.mofa.go.jp /announce/announce/2002/2/0220-2.html   (165 words)

CONSTITUTION OF THE CENTRE FOR MARKETING INFORMATION   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02) Pursuant to paragraph 2 of Article 21, the Constitution was signed in Manama on 24 June 1993 on behalf of the States listed below and remains open for signature at the Headquarters of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in Rome. Paragraph 4 of Article 21 provides that the Constitution shall enter into force, with respect to all the States that have signed it or accepted it, once it has been signed or accepted by not less than half of the States participating in the Constituent Assembly. Amendments to the Constitution were adopted by the General Assembly of the Centre at its First Extraordinary Session held in Rome on 16 March 1995. www.fao.org /Legal/TREATIES/025s-e.htm   (264 words)

Mahmood’s Den · intelligent… informative… and fun!   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02) This is all done in the hope of increasing blogging and its awareness in Bahrain particularly, and the region of course, but as we currently enjoy much better freedoms of expression in Bahrain compared to others in the region, it would be foolish not to use this right. The BNA again (Bahrain Nincompoops Agency for the uninitiated.) I have no idea what this news-piece is about and my head is spinning just trying to follow the long sentances, so forget about me trying to even start to understand what the hell they’re going on about.. No, as long as the government and society are not doing anything to educate people through their mosques and papers and clearly and unequivocally condemning bin Laden and his ilk, and as long as they not only support, but encourage sectarian strife, then this is the least of what we expect. mahmood.tv /index.php/weblinks/c113   (5965 words)

Release the Bahrain Leaflet Detainees Petition We applaud the Government of Bahrain's accession to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), which became part of the national legislation under Bahrain Law No. 56 of 2006, published in the Official Gazette No. 2752 on August 16, 2006. It is also protected by Article 23 of the Constitution of Bahrain which states that: "freedom of opinion and scientific research is secured, everyone has the right to express his opinion verbally, in writing or otherwise, in accordance with the terms and conditions prescribed by the law". The Release the Bahrain Leaflet Detainees Petition to His Majesty, Sheikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, The Royal Court, Riffa, Kingdom of Bahrain was created by Bahrain Center for Human Rights and written by Nabeel Rajab (info@bahrainrights.org). www.petitiononline.com /bahraind   (403 words)

Constitutions, treaties, and official declarations around the world The International Constitutional Law Project has a good collection of constitutional documents. Constitution of the autonomous island of Ngazidja, 2002 Draft proposal for the Constitutional Reconstruction of the FRY www.psr.keele.ac.uk /const.htm   (368 words)

GUIDE TO LAW ONLINE: Bahrain International Constitutional Law: Bahrain (Universität Bern Institut für Öffentliches Recht) provides the Constitution of 1973 and the 2002; with background notes Bahrain: Rule of Law - Judiciary (United Nations Developement Programme - Programme on Governance in the Arab Region) JURIST: Bahrain (University of Pittsburgh School of Law) www.loc.gov /law/guide/bahrain.html   (229 words)

The World Factbook 2004 -- Field Listing - Constitution the Bonn Agreement calls for a Constitutional Loya Jirga (Grand Council) to be convened within 18 months of the establishment of the Transitional Authority to draft a new constitution for the country; the basis for the next constitution is the 1963/64 Constitution, according to the Bonn Agreement 24 June 1967, amended August 1974, revised 15 February 1978, amended April 1990; transitional constitution promulgated in April 1994; in November 1998, a draft constitution was approved by former President Laurent KABILA but it was not ratified by a national referendum; one outcome of the ongoing inter-Congolese dialogue is to be a new constitution the constitution of January 1993 was revised by national referendum on 12 May 1996 and again by referendum on 18 July 1999 www.brainyatlas.com /fields/2063.html   (1965 words)

Bahrain Bahrain law resource page with links to the Bahrain constitution, Bahrain government, Bahrain law firms, Bahrain law, Bahrain judicial, Bahrain monetary agency, Bahrain legislature, and Bahrain law guide. Links provide access to primary documents, legal commentary," and more. From the Constitution Finder at the University of Richmond School of Law. www.washlaw.edu /forint/asia/bahrain.html   (128 words)

Persian Gulf Region Bahrain: Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (Canada) Bahrain Embassy in Washington, D.C. Iranian Interests Section in Washington, D.C. Embassy of Iran in Ottawa Bahrain: Embassy of the United States in Manama www.parstimes.com /PG.html   (2165 words)

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