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Topic: Constitution of Chile

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	Constitution of Chile - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The current Constitution of Chile, approved by Chilean voters in a referendum September 11 1980, effective March 11 1981 and amended July 30 1989, 1993, and 1997, replaced the earlier constitution of 1925.
		While the steps to follow in the case of a triumph of the "yes" option, which the document obviously anticipated, were clearly delineated, the steps for the "no" triumph were less so, but still clear enough that no serious doubt emerged when the "no" option actually was victorious in the 1988 plebiscite.
		After the plebiscite, several modifications to the constitution were agreed and subjected to referendum, among them a simplification on the mechanism of future modification.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Constitution_of_Chile (243 words)

	Chile - MSN Encarta
		The constitution was amended to prohibit consecutive presidential terms, prevent presidents from exercising an absolute veto, and permit literate males to vote without regard to their wealth.
		Chile increased its territory by more than a third, and the income generated by the nitrate industry increased private wealth as well as public revenue.
		In 1925 he was recalled, however, and won approval of a new constitution that established the separation of church and state, made primary education compulsory, and made the cabinet responsible to the president rather than to the Congress.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761572974_9/Chile.html (1991 words)

	UNHCR - Search UNHCR
		Chile: Information on the "certificado de permanencia definitiva," including the rights of the holder, how these rights differ from those granted by citizenship, impact of exiting Chile and returning after a period of time, how those rights are lost and how they can be regained if lost
		Chile: Whether a foreigner, after legally residing in Chile for five years, has to have formally renounced their previous nationality, or provide proof of having renounced their previous nationality, in order to be granted Chilean naturalization
		Chile: Information on the penalty for "offense and aggression" against a Carabinero (policeman) and on how such a case is tried (possibility of defendant's representation by legal counsel, trial by a civil or military tribunal, other details)
	www.unhcr.org /cgi-bin/texis/vtx/home?id=search&results=refworld&skip=30&query=chile (482 words)

	Chile BABLEIZED babelized babbled babbelized bableize humour lampoon
		Chile' S constitution was approved with referendum of the citizen September 1980th.
		Chile' 48 seat Upper House --, 9 you are appointed between 38 lives which are chosen 1 -- and there is a room of 120 members of representation in the bicameralism national assembly of s.
		Chile' Election of the national assembly of s the slate of combination of the remuneration is controlled by the unique binomial system.
	paganfish.com /bable1Chile.htm (445 words)

	Andean
		Chile is one of Latin America's most economically developed countries, with a diversified, market economy that is heavily oriented to international trade.
		Chile has enjoyed constitutional and democratic government for most of its history as a Republic, particularly after its adoption of the 1833 constitution.
		Chile’s democratic tradition was interrupted in 1973, however, when the government of Salvador Allende was overthrown in a bloody military coup d’etat led by General Augusto Pinochet, who ruled with an iron fist until a freely elected president was installed in 1990.
	www.andeanodyssey.com /background_chile01.htm (403 words)

	Chile - The 1980 Constitution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		At the height of the economic boom, the regime moved to legitimize and regularize its reforms and its tenure.
		Its new "constitution of liberty" was approved in a controlled plebiscite in 1980, in which the government claimed to have received 67 percent of the vote.
		The imposition of the authoritarian constitution cast further gloom on the divided and dejected opposition.
	countrystudies.us /chile/33.htm (267 words)

	JURIST Chile - Chilean law, legal research, human rights
		Chile's current constitution was approved in a September 1980 national plebiscite.
		After General Augusto Pinochet's defeat in a 1988 plebiscite, the constitution was amended to ease provisions for future amendments to the constitution, to create nine appointed or "institutional" senators, and to diminish the role of the National Security Council by equalizing the number of civilian and military members--four members each.
		Chile's ordinary courts consist of the Supreme Court, the appellate courts (cortes de apelación), major claims courts, and various local courts (juzgados de letras).
	jurist.law.pitt.edu /world/chile.htm (835 words)

	CHILE : Encyclopedia Entry
		Chile's Constitution was approved in a highly irregular national plebiscite in September 1980, under the military government of Augusto Pinochet.
		Chile is a strong proponent of pressing ahead on negotiations for a Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) and active in the WTO’s Doha round of negotiations, principally through its membership in the G-20 and Cairns Group.
		Chile is a relatively homogenous country and most of its population is of predominantly Spanish origin, with varying degrees of native Amerindian admixture, the product of the racial mixture between colonial Spanish immigrants and the native Amerindian tribes.
	bibleocean.com /OmniDefinition/Chile (6674 words)

	InterContinental Cry / Citizens Movement Calls for New Constitution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		According to the participants in the forum, the constitution in force since 1980 is illegitimate, since it was drafted by the military dictatorship headed by Pinochet and ratified in a referendum of questionable validity.
		For her part, Ximena ValdÃ©s, director of the Centre for Women's Studies, believes it is crucial for the constitution to reflect the changes undergone in Chilean families in recent decades, particularly the boom in the number of single-parent families - primarily headed by women - and the massive entry of women into the paid workforce.
		Chile a la Carta is made up primarily of lawyers and law students from throughout the country, and was founded three years ago to promote public debate on the issue of a constituent assembly.
	intercontinentalcry.mahost.org /forum/viewtopic.php?pid=68 (1352 words)

	Chile: Progress Stalled - Freedom of Expression in the Chilean Constitution
		The inclusion of the crime of defamation in the Constitution, which was recommended by the Council of State (an appointed legislative body under the military government), still has its defenders, particularly among rightist members of the Senate.
		According to a recent expert study, "defamation laws cannot be justified if their purpose or effect is to prevent legitimate criticism of officials or the exposure of official wrong-doing or corruption."18 The same study calls for criminal defamation laws to be abolished and replaced, where necessary, with appropriate civil defamation laws.
		Moreover, Chile is the only country in the hemisphere in which contempt of authority is considered a crime against state security, a designation that entails an abbreviated judicial procedure and fewer possibilities for defense.
	hrw.org /reports/2001/chile/Foe05fin-02.htm (1678 words)

	Chile - The Constitution of 1980
		The constitutional document imposed by the regime in 1980 consisted of 120 "permanent" articles, which went into full effect after the transition to "constitutional government." The document also included thirty-four "transitional" articles applying to the transitional period from March 11, 1980, to March 11, 1990.
		The cornerstone of the military regime's constitutional doctrine was, according to the 1980 document, the establishment of a permanent tutelary role for the armed forces.
		Finally, the constitution made any reform in the basic text extremely difficult to implement by requiring the concurrence of the president and two succeeding legislatures, each of which would have to approve an amendment by a three-fifths vote.
	countrystudies.us /chile/87.htm (1002 words)

	Chile 1985 - Chapter II(a)
		A generic restriction incorporated into the constitutional text is that established by Article 8 of the Constitution, when it declares that it is unlawful “to spread doctrines that attack the family, advocate violence or a conception of society.
		The assurance that the legal precepts which, by mandate of the Constitution, regulate or complement the guarantees established therein or which should limit them in the cases authorizes by the Constitution, may not affect the rights in their essence nor impose conditions, taxes or requirements which prevent their free exercise.
		Chile is also a party to the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 as well as to many conventions of the International Labour Organization and several instruments of the United Nations and of the Inter-American system for the protection of the rights of women.
	www.cidh.org /countryrep/Chile85eng/chap.2a.htm (5362 words)

	[No title]
		When Chile fell into a recession in the mid-1980s, opposition to the regime mounted, fueling protests in the streets.
		Chile returned to a democratic government in 1990 when Cristian Democrat, Patricio Aylwin, was elected president.
		On March 11, 1998, in the National Congress in Valparaiso, the former dictator was sworn in as a lifetime senator -- a condition of the transition to democracy - and sat down in the body he had closed down 25 years before, among leaders he had persecuted and exiled.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-srv/inatl/longterm/pinochet/overview.htm (924 words)

	National Constitutions
		Constitution of Medina (Dustur al-Madinah) (English), Mohammed (622)
		Constitution of Republic of China, 1947 (English and Chinese)
		Constitution for the Confederate States of America (English)
	www.constitution.org /cons/natlcons.htm (148 words)

	Human Rights Watch: Publications: Americas : Chile
		Chile is unique among Latin American democracies in considering "contempt of authority" to be a crime against state security, meriting up to five years' imprisonment.
		Chile has generally been cited as one of the cases of transition to democracy most worthy of study.
		When Patricio Aylwin became President of Chile, on March 11, 1990, he had promised to resolve the human rights legacy of over sixteen years of military dictatorship, through a process of exposing the truth about past abuses and seeking justice.
	www.hrw.org /hrw/pubweb/Webcat-24.htm (670 words)

	Chile
		Chile’s welcoming attitude toward foreign direct investment is embodied in the country’s 1974 foreign investment statute, known as DL (Decree Law) 600.
		Chile, as a member of the WTO, chose to qualify as a developing country for meeting its obligations as a TRIPS signatory.
		Chile’s Congress is considering an “anti-piracy” bill designed to address weaknesses in copyright enforcement, but U.S. industry representatives have stated that the bill does not do enough to effectively deter piracy.
	www.state.gov /e/eb/ifd/2005/41996.htm (5926 words)

	CUA Columbus School of Law
		The judiciary branch in Chile is comprised of the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court, the Court of Appeals, and the Military Court (and lower courts designated by organic law as necessary).
		The present version of the Constitution was amended in 1997, but was first enacted in on September 11 of 1980, effective on March 11, 1981. The legal system is based on a Spanish code enacted in 1857, which was added to by incorporating elements of French and Austrian codes during the 19th Century.
		With the exception of the Tribunal Constitucional (Constitutional Tribunal), the Tribunal Calificador de Elecciones (the Tribunal charged with qualifying elections), regional electoral tribunals, and military tribunals during wartime, all lower courts must defer to the direction of the Supreme Court.
	law.cua.edu /ComparativeLaw/Chile (2010 words)

	Chile 1980 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Chile's 1980 constitution was drafted under a Junta led by General Augusto Pinochet which had seized power in a 1973 coup that overthrew the government of President Salvadore Allende.
		Shortly after seizing power, the Junta announced that the country's 1925 constitution, though nominally in force, would be subordinate to the "imperatives of the state" as defined by the Junta.
		Without any public education campaign or public discussion the new constitution was ratified by 67% of those voting in a plebiscite on September 11, 1980.
	www.wws.princeton.edu /pcwcr/reports/chile1980.html (442 words)

	Chile (08/06)
		Chile's Constitution was approved in a September 1980 national plebiscite.
		Chile's financial sector has grown faster than other areas of the economy over the last few years; a banking reform law approved in 1997 broadened the scope of permissible foreign activity for Chilean banks.
		Chile is an active member of the UN family of agencies and participates in UN peacekeeping activities.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/1981.htm (4917 words)

	Legislation for Foreign Investment Statutes in Countries in the Americas
		The principle of economic nondiscrimination in Chile is enshrined in Article 19, No. 22 of the Political Constitution, which establishes that the State and its agencies may not be arbitrarily discriminatory in economic treatment.
		Chile is an ICSID signatory, as well as for the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, and the Inter-American Convention on International Commercial Arbitration.
		The Constitution does not refer to the legal nature of international treaties but, considering that they must go through the same process as laws, that is, approval by the National Congress, most authors and case law give treaties the same rank and value as domestic laws.
	alca-ftaa.iadb.org /eng/invest/CHL~1.HTM (3891 words)

	Spotlight on Chile: Recent History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		This constitution was very "moralistic" in nature, and it turned out to be impractical to enforce because it attempted to regulate the private lives of the citizens.
		With this change, the constitution remained in effect until it was suspended at the beginning of the Pinochet regime in 1973.
		This suspension was in place until the foundation of the Constitution of 1980, the constitution which is still in effect today.
	mywebpages.comcast.net /dchappell/chile/history.htm (1899 words)

	South America Continents Facts \| 4 Corners Club
		The president appoints cabinet ministers, and the constitution grants him considerable power as both head of state and head of government, including authority to enact laws by presidential decree under conditions of "urgency and necessity" and the line-item veto.
		Chile Chile's Constitution was approved in a tightly controlled national plebiscite in September 1980, under the military government of Augusto Pinochet.
		The constitution of the territory, the manner in which its government is directed, and the availability of judicial review were discussed in a series of litigations in 2001 to 2005; see in particular Regina v.
	www.4cornersclub.com /adventure_trips/south_america/continent_facts (5875 words)

	Constitution of Chile Information
		The current Political Constitution of the Republic of Chile, approved by Chilean voters in a tightly controlled plebiscite on September 11 1980, under the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet, effective March 11 1981 and amended July 30 1989, 1991, 1994, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003 and 2005, replaced the earlier constitution of 1925.
		It set the first eight year presidential term for Pinochet, with a plebiscite in the eighth year, in which only one candidate, nominated by the Junta, would be accepted or not.
		In 2005 over 50 reforms were approved, which eliminated the remaining undemocratic areas of the text, such as the existence of non-elected Senators (institutional senators, or senators for life) and the inability of the President to remove the Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces.
	www.bookrags.com /Constitution_of_Chile (308 words)

	Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women, Concluding Observations/Comments - Chile
		In reply to the concern expressed by members on the lack of a definition of the legal term of discrimination in the Constitution of Chile, the representative replied that Chile did not consider this as necessary since the Convention was considered law under article 5 of the Constitution concerning the ratification of international treaties.
		She emphasized that in Chile the practice of prostitution was not condemned and added that sanitary control of women prostitutes was guaranteed.
		She welcomed suggestions to create networks among women who had played a role in the recuperation of democracy in Chile and to study mechanisms such as quotas, which were seen as the most expeditious way of increasing the presence of women in positions of political decision-making.
	www1.umn.edu /humanrts/cedaw/cedaw-chile.htm (3881 words)

	Constitution of Chile - Helplinelaw
		A constitutional organic law shall determine, according to the characteristics of each region, the number of Members of the Council, the form of appointment and duration in their posts, and matters related to organization and functioning of the Council, and the cases in which public officials integrating such Council shall have the right to vote.
		It shall be composed of representatives of Community Organizations of a territorial and functional nature, and of the relevant activities in the district, with the exception of those of a guild or union nature, and of the public administration.
		The constitutional organic law relative to Municipalities shall determine, according to the characteristics of each district, the number, form of designation and term of office of the Council Members, as well as everything related to the organization and functioning of the Council.
	www.helplinelaw.com /law/chile/constitution/constitution13.php (1402 words)

	HSLDA \| Homeschooling in Chile
		Chile does not have a specific home education law, but the Chilean constitution provides for educational freedom which is construed to allow parents to educate their children at home.
		The Chilean Constitution establishes both the right to education and the freedom of teaching.
		As parents are granted the right and duty to educate their children, and the State is mandated to provide protection of the exercise of this right, parents are free to homeschool in Chile.
	www.hslda.org /hs/international/Chile/200307010.asp?PrinterFriendly=True (281 words)

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