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Topic: Constitution for Europe

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Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe

US Constitution

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union

European Parliament

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Maastricht Treaty

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Treaty of Nice

Codecision procedure

Proportionality (political maxim)

Convention on the Future of Europe

Principle of subsidiarity

	Constitution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		For example, in the Constitution of Australia, most of its fundamental political principles and regulations concerning the relationship between branches of government, and concerning the government and the individual are codified in a single document, the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia.
		Constitutions vary extensively as to the degree of separation of powers, usually meaning the constitutional separation of the executive, legislative and judicial branches of government.
		A "constitutional violation" is an action or legislative act that is judged by a constitutional court to be contrary to the constitution, that is, "unconstitutional".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Constitution (4155 words)

	Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe (TCE), commonly referred to as the European Constitution, was an international treaty intended to create a constitution for the European Union.
		The current debate on the future of Europe is often said to have begun with a speech made by German Foreign Minister Joschka Fischer in Berlin in 2000 [1], calling for a debate on the finality of European integration.
		The rejection of the constitution in the referenda in France and the Netherlands, made the TCE's future and the implementation of its provisions highly uncertain, provoking a crisis of confidence in the project which has resulted, at least initially, in a degree of strategic paralysis.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Treaty_establishing_a_Constitution_for_Europe (6137 words)

	The EU Constitution and Europe's Democratic Deficit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Defeat of the EU Constitution offers the United States an opportunity to rethink its approach to the question of further European integration, and it is an opportunity Americans should take.
		An increasingly united Europe was seen as necessary to avoid yet another general war, and as a means of checking Soviet aggression.
		The Constitution was designed to make its operation more effective, and to ensure that the smaller states could not impede the pursuit of this policy.
	www.heritage.org /Research/Europe/hl887.cfm (1877 words)

	The Constitution - Government - France - Europe
		The constitution trimmed the authority of parliament and vested the president with crucial powers, including the right to dissolve the National Assembly and to choose the prime minister.
		As a requirement of its membership in the European Union (EU), the French parliament approved a constitutional amendment allowing citizens of EU member countries who are residents in France to vote in elections for seats on France’s municipal councils.
		Constitutional amendments may be proposed by the president, at the request of the government, or by the members of parliament.
	www.countriesquest.com /europe/france/government/the_constitution.htm (340 words)

	First European Constitution Drafted
		The Constitutional Treaty is based on an initial draft prepared by the Convention on the Future of Europe.
		The deadline for ratifying the Constitutional Treaty was prolonged indefinitely.
		Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe, 2004 O.J. The final version signed by the Heads of the EU member states in October 2004.
	www.hrcr.org /hottopics/EuropeanC.html (1013 words)

	Obsessed with Constitution as Europe Sinks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The latter were exacerbated by the second cause of Europe’s predicament: the refusal of Europe’s ruling elites to uphold law and order and to defend its traditional values and institutions, such as the nation-state.
		The EU Constitution is an example of the corrosion of one of the most important of Western institutions, the national state.
		Last Saturday it was revealed that German Chancellor Angela Merkel, who never made a secret of her desire to revive the European constitutional treaty, along with the cunning French president Jacques Chirac, have devised a Franco-German plan to present the core of the EU Constitution to the French and Dutch voters again.
	www.brusselsjournal.com /node/886/print (1035 words)

	Forging a 'Constitution' for Europe - Global Policy Forum - Globalization
		It is taboo in Brussels these days to talk of a "constitution" for Europe - the word for many people evokes the notion of a European "superstate." Yet nearly everyone involved agrees that the convention, which is scheduled to last more than a year, will produce some sort of document.
		Whatever it is called, the constitution that emerges could be as ambitious as a redefining of the political relationships that hold Europe together or as modest as a simplification and clarification of the four major treaties that currently govern the inner workings of the EU.
		Europe's convention, by contrast, is a meeting of the world's most modern and developed countries with long, distinct histories.
	www.globalpolicy.org /globaliz/politics/0227forge.htm (1043 words)

	The Bush Administration Should Not Back the European Constitution
		As Europe unifies further and has a common foreign policy – I understand what is going to happen with the constitution and that there will be unification, in effect, under a foreign minister – I think that also will be a very good development.
		They could present her remarks as official confirmation of American support for the EU Constitution and may use them to try to isolate those who are campaigning across Europe for defeat of the Constitution in referenda.
		Europe is a union of nation-states, which are deeply divided by history, language, and culture and which maintain a striking division of outlook regarding major foreign policy issues.
	www.heritage.org /Research/Europe/wm668.cfm (1180 words)

	PEOPLE'S CONSTITUTION FOR EUROPE
		So it is time to act now, to draft a People's Constitution for Europe by suggesting truly democratic, critical amendments to the Draft EU Constitution 2004 for the consideration of the peoples of Europe during the ratification process which is a historic event that should not go waste.
		In the specific cases provided for by the Constitution, European laws and European framework laws shall be adopted by the European Parliament with the participation of the Council, or by the latter with the participation of the European Parliament, in accordance with special legislative procedures.
		The Constitution shall cease to apply to the State in question from the date of entry into force of the withdrawal agreement or, failing that, two years after the notification referred to in paragraph 2, unless the European Council, in agreement with the Member State concerned, unanimously decides to extend this period.
	lpc1998.com /forum/EU/pceu_D01.html (12330 words)

	Elements of a European Constitution
		The constitutional elements are derived from the nature of this 'Europa', and its necessary relation to the nation state.
		Tony Blair said, that the 2004 treaty was 'a constitution for a Europe of the Nation States' - and that is accurate.
		That is not sufficient for a constitution of Europe.
	web.inter.nl.net /users/Paul.Treanor/euro.con.elem.html (1241 words)

	A Constitution for Europe - Global Policy Forum - Globalization
		A European "convention" was established less than a year ago and placed under the presidency of Valéry Giscard d'Estaing to draft a constitution for Europe, to be presented next spring in anticipation of EU expansion.
		The convention has now offered the bones of a constitution that would consolidate and replace five decades of treaties and establish what exactly an expanded Europe is to become in the future.
		Giscard himself acknowledges this when he says that the initial section of Europe's constitution must "be incisive and powerful," and must also possess "a certain lyricism." It will lay down the foundation and structure the functioning of Europe.
	www.globalpolicy.org /globaliz/politics/1104eu.htm (761 words)

	Free Europe
		Europe is a geographical concept, and European is as such not necessarily good or bad.
		Sending tax-payer’s money from one part of Europe to another is a matter solely for the states or regions involved.
		The Constitution for Free Europe is, with its ten points, not an answer or an alternative to all aspects in the rejected official proposal.
	www.freeeurope.info (382 words)

	ASIL Insights: Treaty on Constitution for Europe
		Adoption of the Treaty on the Constitution for Europe
		After the initial disappointment, constitutional talks were revived in March 2004 under the initiative of the Irish Presidency.
		These are concerns that the constitution addresses, albeit in a way that may still need to be perfected, and that are ongoing challenges of governance.
	www.asil.org /insights/insigh137.htm (681 words)

	Archawski \| The Constitution for Europe: Waht Next?
		The constitutional project adopted by consensus by the European Convention on June 13 and July 10, 2003 was submitted to the President of the European Council in Rome on July 18, 2003.
		Institutionally, the projected Constitution for Europe proposes no less than three (3) executive and two (2) legislative bodies: the European Parliament and the Council of Ministers which has BOTH executive AND legislative authority.
		It could thus seem that this entire proposed "Constitution for Europe" may be the first draft needed to grow the concept out of its initial amorphous neutered stage into an organized system of mature checks and balances.
	www.unc.edu /depts/diplomat/item/2005/0103/arch/archawski_const.html (1253 words)

	A ‘Social’ Constitution for Europe, 29/03/06, a pEaCeFuL ReVoLuTiOn (john's blog)
		The Constitution itself was written by a convention comprised of European parliamentarians that were not elected with any mandate to write a constitution.
		Rather than re-affirming Europe’s commitment to a social welfare state, the proposed constitution jeopardises the legal basis for uemployment compensation by downgrading the ‘right to work’ to a mere ‘right to seek work’.
		Furthermore, the multilateral, cooperative approach of Europe to diplomacy and integration is one that we should protect, in the name of peace, rather than increasing the power of NATO (and thus, the USA) as proposed in the constitution.
	blogs.warwick.ac.uk /jkahn/entry/a_social_constitution (406 words)

	TIME Europe Magazine \| Reality Check - 1
		I would be the first to admit that the text of the European constitution is better for insomnia than most sleeping pills sold in pharmacies.
		One need only read Article 3, for example, to see that the constitution's goal is to attain "a highly competitive, social market economy seeking full employment and social progress." When voters read that passage, they see the document's opponents have misled them and the yes vote strengthens.
		The constitution also mandates that the European Parliament become a legislative power in its own right, without weakening the legislative prerogatives of the national parliaments in member states.
	www.time.com /time/europe/html/050530/destaing.html (701 words)

	The EU Constitution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Towards the end of the 20th century, it became clear for a large number of European leaders that the EU required a re-foundation and renovation.
		From an initial agenda that included the distribution of competencies, simplification and the incorporation of the Charter of Fundamental Rights, the Convention on the Future of Europe produced a fully-fledged proposal for a Constitution or Constitutional Treaty for Europe.
		On 29 October 2004, the Heads of State or Government of the 25 Member States and the 3 candidate countries signed the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe which will then need to be ratified by all 25 member states of the enlarged Union.
	www.unizar.es /euroconstitucion/Treaties/Treaty_Const.htm (177 words)

	EUROPA - Constitution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		These pages provide information on the Constitution to a wide range of readers: from those who want it in a short and general form to those looking for a detailed explanation or those in search of graphical downloads.
		Before it can enter into force, the Constitution for Europe must be ratified by all the Member States of the European Union.
		The present situation is as follows: 15 Member States have already ratified the Constitution for Europe: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.
	europa.eu.int /constitution/index_en.htm (317 words)

	Governo Italiano - The European Constitution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Lithuania, (link to the future Europe site) was the first EU member state to ratify the Treaty just 12 days after the signing ceremony in Rome.
		The European Constitution substitutes most of the existing Treaties and is preceded by a preamble.
		Protocols and Annexes I and II annexed to the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe (in.pdf)
	www.governo.it /costituzione_europea/Eng_version/presentation.html (310 words)

	Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		On 18 June 2004, the EU Intergovernmental Conference reached an agreement on the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe.
		The Finnish Government was prepared to issue a proposal on the ratification of the Constitutional Treaty to Parliament during the autumn session in 2005.
		According to the government report, the Constitutional Treaty would provide a balanced and, from Finland's point of view, an acceptable approach that would strengthen the Union’s capacity and decision-making ability to better meet the demands of the future.
	www.vn.fi /eu/teemoja/perustuslaki/en.jsp (701 words)

	EUROPA: Draft Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Between February 2002 and July 2003, the European Convention drew up a Draft Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe.
		The full text of the Draft was submitted to the Italian Presidency of the Council of the European Union on 18 July 2003.
		This Draft Constitution is currently being discussed by the representatives of the Governments of the Member States at the Intergovernmental Conference (IGC).
	europa.eu.int /futurum/constitution/index_en.htm (346 words)

	Europe's New Constitution
		The "New Europe" will be established in spring 2004 in pursuance of a new Treaty of Rome.
		If the Preamble to the proposed Constitution for the European Union is any guide, the new Treaty of Rome will be more of a compromise document full of legalistic ambiguities than its predecessor.
		The problem is that a federalized Europe looks nice as a talking point on paper, but when the impact of applying that principle is presented, even the most staunch Europhiles find that at a very basic level, they, too, are Euroskeptics.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/international_trade_politics/101604 (467 words)

	THE CONSTITUTION OF EUROPE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Consequently whatever their individual constitutions, the Authority of The Crown in all the Realms is generally determined through convention and the determination of the reserve powers.
		However in the Mother Parliament of the United Kingdom, because the Constitution is largely unwritten and draws upon a myriad of precedents and laws, there is no defined provision for constitutional change.
		She, as Queen of Australia, not as Queen of the United Kingdom, is one of the components of the Parliament.
	www.monarchist.org.au /EUROPE.htm (7687 words)

	A Constitution for Europe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Protocols annexed to the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe
		"The Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe was adopted by the 25 Heads of State and Government in Brussels on 17 and 18 June 2004.
		It is based on an initial draft prepared by the European Convention and presented to the Thessaloniki European Council on 20 June 2003." (from 'Presentation to citizens', 2004).
	gandalf.aksis.uib.no /~brit/EU-CONST-EN-cc (143 words)

	Constitution for Europe - EUbusiness - EU law, politics and finance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Constitution for Europe - EUbusiness - EU law, politics and finance
		The Treaty to establish a Constitution for Europe was agreed by the Heads of State and Government of the European Union's twenty-five Member States on 18 June 2004.
		This is not the final step however: all the member states of the EU now have to ratify the Constitution according to the national procedures.
	www.eubusiness.com /topics/Constitution (901 words)

	The Seattle Times: Nation & World: New constitution ignores Europe's Christian history
		VATICAN CITY — When European Union leaders gather in Rome to sign their new constitution today, they will rebuff Pope John Paul II and his effort to acknowledge Christianity in the historic document.
		In the signing of a constitution that does not acknowledge Europe's religious history, the Vatican sees proof that the EU is distancing itself from Christianity in general and Catholicism in particular.
		The drafters of the constitution have made it clear for months that they would ignore the pope's tireless 2-1/2-year campaign for explicit Christian recognition in the constitution's preamble.
	seattletimes.nwsource.com /html/nationworld/2002076094_eurocon29.html (713 words)

	ENOC - European Network of Ombudspeople for Children - EUROPE: Child Rights in the Treaty Establishing a Constitution ...
		The report is entitled "Analysis of the Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe: The Impact on Children".
		The report, entitled "Analysis of the Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe: The Impact on Children", provides a detailed assessment of the articles which are likely to impact on children.
		In particular, the inclusion of children’s rights in the internal and external objectives of the Constitution and the inclusion of the EU Charter of fundamental rights strengthen the rights of the child.
	www.crin.org /enoc/resources/infoDetail.asp?ID=5203&flag=news (268 words)

	Main Page - Wikitution
		We believe that a constitution should be written by the citizens, not by European officials, who are too remote from the citizens and too immersed in the current workings of the EU to come up with an attractive new document.
		Possible bases for a constitution which would much more consistent with human rights and the respect for the environment, and which acknowledges Europe's historical and continued history of racism, genocide and theft of natural resources from around the world, include
		If the constitution shall be written by citizens from all Member States, it has to be accessible in a lot of different languages.
	www.wikitution.org (780 words)

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