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	Constitution of Finland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Constitution of Finland (in Finnish, Suomen perustuslaki, or in Swedish, Finlands grundlag) is the supreme source of national law of Finland.
		Finland's current constitutional laws are: the Constitution Act of Finland (2000); the Parliament Act (1995); the Procedure of Parliament (2000) and the Act on the High Court of Impeachment (1995).
		The main changes in the new Constitution relate to the constitutional regulation of decision-making by the The President of the Republic and the formation of the Government.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Constitution_of_Finland (1380 words)

	President of Finland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Under the Constitution of Finland, executive power is vested in the President and the government, with the President possessing extensive powers.
		Under the Constitution of Finland, executive power is vested in the President and the Council of State, which must enjoy the confidence of Parliament.
		From the date of Finland's independence on December 6, 1917 until the end of the Finnish Civil War in May 1918, Per Evind Svinhufvud was the head of state of White Finland in his capacity as Chairman of the Senate.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_Finland (2666 words)

	Finland - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It borders on the Gulf of Bothnia and Sweden in the west, on Norway in the north, on Russia in the east, and on the Gulf of Finland and the Baltic Sea in the south.
		Finland was active in the League of Nations, which it joined in 1920, and it was the only European country to continue to honor its World War I debts to the United States after the advent of the economic depression at the start of the 1930s.
		This agreement confirmed the cessions of territory Finland had made in 1940; however, instead of Hanko, the USSR was given a lease on the Porkkala peninsula near Helsinki.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/F/Finland.asp (2419 words)

	Reform of the constitution — Virtual Finland
		It was not until 1970 that the process of reforming the Constitution Act and the broader comprehensive reform of the constitutional legislation as a whole was launched with the establishment of a constitutional commission to examine the question of reform.
		However, the Constitutional Law Committee report on the proposed Constitution took the view that the provision on Members' freedom to speak could not be allowed to form an obstacle to practical arrangements in the Procedure of Parliament which limit the absolute freedom to speak on a purely temporary basis and affect all Members equally.
		The procedure for constitutional enactments and the supervision of constitutionality
	virtual.finland.fi /netcomm/news/showarticle.asp?intNWSAID=25782 (4913 words)

	Finland The Constitution - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International ...
		Finland's Constitution is not a single law, but rather a collection of four laws that have constitutional status.
		The most important is the Constitution Act of 1919, which lays out the functions and relationships of the most important government entities, lists the basic rights of Finnish citizens and the legal institutions charged with their protection, and makes provisions for managing state finances and for organizing the defense forces and public offices.
		The Constitution Act of 1919, building on existing Finnish institutions, established a parliamentary system of government based on a division of powers among the legislative, the executive, and the judicial branches of government.
	www.photius.com /countries/finland/government/finland_government_the_constitution.html (805 words)

	general strikes in finland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		demands included the 8 hour workday, the right to food, an end to unemployment, universal suffrage in municipalities, a new constitution and implementation of the "power law" which proclaimed finnish parliament (where 93 of 200 deputies were socialists) as the sovereign authority in finland.
		on november 4, the russian czar issued a declaration which promised to restore autonomy and a new constitution for finland, which would be based on universal and equal suffrage.
		as a result of the strike, the new constitution was accepted in 1906, which introduced universal and equal suffrage (which was a first for women in europe).
	www.sonic.net /~figgins/generalstrike/europe/finland.html (522 words)

	Suomen hallitus \| Finland's government (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The new Constitution of Finland entered into force on 1 March 2000, and is the cornerstone of all legislation and exercises of public power in Finland.
		The new Constitution is based on four old constitutional acts: the Constitution Act of Finland, the Parliament Act and two acts on ministerial liability.
		In accordance with the Finland's Constitution, "The powers of the State in Finland are vested in the people, who are represented by the Parliament." Finland has a unicameral (one-house) Parliament with 200 members elected by universal suffrage for four-year terms.
	www.henkimaa.nu /finndex/hallitus (364 words)

	CONSTITUTIONAL LAWS OF FINLAND, PROCEDURE OF PARLIAMENT
		The Constitution Act of Finland (17 July 1919/94) I. General Provisions Section 1 (17 July 1995/969) Finland is a sovereign Republic, the constitution of which shall guarantee the inviolability of human dignity and the freedom and rights of the individual as well as promoting justice in society.
		Section 50 The management and condition of the Bank of Finland, the actions of the Governors and the Board of the Bank of Finland and the condition and management of the funds under the supervision of Parliament shall be inspected by the standing committee to which these duties are assigned by the Procedure of Parliament.
		Chapter 6 Measures Relating to the Bank of Finland, the Social Insurance Institution and the Library of Parliament Section 83 (22 July 1991/1078) Parliament shall appoint nine Governors to supervise the administration and activities of the Bank of Finland and the administration of the funds for which Parliament is responsible.
	www.eduskunta.fi /kirjasto/Lait/constitution.html (12903 words)

	Constitution - Ratification (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		On 09.05.2005 Finnish Prime Minister Matti Vanhanen said that the Constitution is "too complicated" to be decided by a referendum, he said that while the treaty was "not easy to read and understand", it was however "more understandable than the old treaties." Different opinion polls showed Finns in favour of the treaty.
		A poll published on 20 June indicated widespread opposition in Finland to the Constitution, according to the poll, commissioned by Helsingin Sanomat and conducted by Suomen Gallup, nearly half of Finns would vote against the draft treaty if a referendum was held on the issue, while about a third would vote yes.
		Furthermore some critics said it could suit Finland’s purposes well, the fact that there would be no decisions made on the future of the Constitution until the second half of 2006, when Finland holds the EU Presidency.
	www.unizar.es /euroconstitucion/Treaties/Treaty_Const_Rat_Finland.htm (876 words)

	The Constitution of Finland - Text of the Constitution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Parliament, after having obtained the opinion of the Constitutional Law Committee, may, for extremely weighty reasons, dismiss the Ombudsman before the end of his or her term by a decision supported by at least two thirds of the votes cast.
		The Speaker convenes the plenary sessions, presents the matters on the agenda, oversees the debate and ensures that the Constitution is complied with in the consideration of matters in plenary session.
		The Speaker shall not refuse to include a matter on the agenda or a motion in a vote, unless he or she considers it to be contrary to the Constitution, another Act or a prior decision of the Parliament.
	www.concourt.am /wwconst/constit/finland/fincon-e.htm (11950 words)

	MERCATOR :: Finlandia - The Constitution fo Finland 11 June 1999 (English)
		Finland participates in international co-operation for the protection of peace and human rights and for the development of society.
		A proposal on the enactment, amendment or repeal of the Constitution or on the enactment of a limited derogation of the Constitution shall in the second reading be left in abeyance, by a majority of the votes cast, until the first parliamentary session following parliamentary elections.
		However, if the proposal concerns the Constitution or an alteration of the national borders, the decision shall be made by at least two thirds of the votes cast.
	www.ciemen.org /mercator/fin4-gb.htm (1778 words)

	The New Finnish Constitution
		Internationally, the Finnish system of four constitutional laws was exceptional, and the main problem that has followed from this fragmentation of constitutional provisions across several seperate acts has been a reduction in clarity and internal consistency in the Constitution.
		The new Constitution wioll serve as the supreme source of national law and provide the basis for the legal system as a whole.
		The complete text of the Constitution of Finland is available in English, German, French, Spanish and Sami translation (translation into Russian will be available soon) at: http://www.om.fi/constitution/3341.htm.
	jurist.law.pitt.edu /world/fincor1.htm (1155 words)

	Finland: EU Constitution decision on hold \| European Union Elections
		After the French and Dutch rejection of the EU's constitutional treaty, Finland is not in a hurry to ratify the treaty.
		The President of Finland, Tarja Halonen, was re-elected for a six-year term on 29 January 2006.
		Finland will hold the six-month rotating presidency of the EU from 1 July 2006. The Finns have stated that the future of the constitutional treaty, the financial framework for 2007-2013, WTO talks and enlargement are the main challenges for their Presidency.
	www.euractiv.com /en/elections/finland-eu-constitution-decision-hold/article-152036 (186 words)

	GlobaLex - Finnish Law on the Internet
		These were retained even after Finland had been ceded to Russia, as the Swedish legislation in force at the time remained in force also during Finland’s 108 years as an autonomous Grand Duchy within the Empire of the Czar.
		Even today Finland is a bilingual country, with Finnish and Swedish enjoying the same status as official languages (detailed information on the Ministry of Justice website).
		In addition, it should be noted here that the unilingually Swedish-speaking Åland Islands, which lie between Finland and Sweden, have a far-reaching autonomy, enshrined in an Act that is “constitutional by nature” even though not formally a part of the Constitution.
	www.nyulawglobal.org /globalex/Finland.htm (1831 words)

	LLRX.com - Finnish Law on the Internet
		Finland has been a member of the United Nations since 1955, of the Council of Europe since 1989 and of the European Union since 1995.
		Note also that the text of the Constitution is available on the website in the two official languages, Finnish and Swedish, and also in translation into English, German, French, Spanish and the Sámi language.
		The cases taken into the yearbook of the Supreme Court are cited by indicating the abbreviated name of the Court, the year when the ruling was handed down and the number of the case, e.g.
	www.llrx.com /features/finnish.htm (1582 words)

	Finland - Constitution
		If the offence is such that the accused does not command the trust and respect necessary for the office of a Representative, the Parliament may, after having obtained the opinion of the Constitutional Law Committee, declare the office of the Representative terminated by a decision supported by at least two thirds of the votes cast.
		He or she shall abide by the Constitution and no other orders are binding on him or her.
		However, when considering matters relating to Finland's international relations or European Union affairs, the members of a Committee shall observe the level of confidentiality considered necessary by the Foreign Affairs Committee or the Grand Committee after having heard the opinion of the Government.
	www.finlandsite.nl /finlandsite/finland/cms/grondwet.htm (7084 words)

	finland
		The constitution of Finland is established in this constitutional act.
		The Constitutional Law Committee may open an inquiry into the lawfulness of the official acts of a Minister also on its own initiative.
		Finland is divided into municipalities, whose administration shall be based on the self-government of their residents.
	www.dredf.org /international/finland.html (11978 words)

	Finland - Constitution
		(2) Temporary exceptions to fundamental rights which are consistent with Finland's international human rights obligations and of a character necessary during an armed attack on Finland as well as under exceptional circumstances threatening the life of the nation and lawfully comparable in gravity to an armed attack may be prescribed by Act of Parliament.
		(1) This Constitution Act shall be in all respects an irrevocable Constitutional Act of Parliament, and it may not be amended, expounded or repealed, nor may exceptions to it be made, except according to the prescribed procedure for Constitutional Acts in general.
		(2) The Constitution of 21 August 1772 and the Deed of Association and Security of 21 February and 3 March 1789, as well as all provisions in other Acts of Parliament and Decrees which in conflict with this Constitution Act are hereby repealed.
	www.trybunal.gov.pl /constit/constitu/constit/finland/fincon-e.htm (8124 words)

	Oikeusministeriö - Justitieministeriet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Constitution is the cornerstone of all legislation and exercise of public power.
		The text of the Constitution (731/1999) is in the Data Bank Finlex in Finnish and Swedish.
		A look into the background of the reform and the main principles of the new Constitution is provided by Jaakko Nousiainen, Professor Emeritus in Political Science, in his article on the Finnish constitutional system.
	www.om.fi /21910.htm (170 words)

	The Constitution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Ministry of Justice, The Constitution of Finland, Vammala: Oikeusministeriö, 2001.
		Nousiainen, J., The Constitution of Finland, Vammala: The Ministry of Justice, 2001.
		Eduskunta: The Parliament of Finland, Helsinki 2000 containing among others Seppo Hentilä From the Power of the Estates to the Power of the People, Jaakko Nousiainen, Democracy in Finland, Mikael HidÈn, Constitution 2000 and the Parliament and Seppo Tiitinen: Internationalizing Parliament.
	personal.inet.fi /tiede/ilkka.saraviita/constitution.htm (791 words)

	ICL - Finland - Constitution
		(2) The constitution of Finland is established in this constitutional act.
		(1) The Speaker convenes the plenary sessions, presents the matters on the agenda, oversees the debate and ensures that the Constitution is complied with in the consideration of matters in plenary session.
		(1) Finland is divided into municipalities, whose administration shall be based on the self-government of their residents.
	www.oefre.unibe.ch /law/icl/fi00000_.html (12071 words)

	NewsRoom Finland
		Heidi Hautala MP (green), the presidential candidate of Finland's Green League, told the Finnish News Agency (STT) that the president should no longer have a special role as head of the country's foreign policy.
		The constitution of Finland stipulates that "the foreign policy of Finland is directed by the President of the Republic in cooperation with the Government".
		Finland appoints new honorary consul general in Istanbul 7.9.2006
	virtual.finland.fi /stt/showarticle.asp?intNWSAID=10479&group=Politics (252 words)

	Finland Wants European Constitution Vote: Angus Reid Consultants
		Conversely, 23 per cent of respondents think the body of law should be ratified by the Diet, while 14 per cent think the legislative branch should reject the document.
		A team headed by former French president Valery Giscard dâEstaing developed the European Constitution, which calls for the creation of an EU president and foreign minister, as well as a reduction in the number of European commissioners.
		The project for a continental body of law was practically abandoned last year, after voters in France and the Netherlands rejected the proposed document in two plebiscites.
	www.angus-reid.com /polls/index.cfm/fuseaction/viewItem/itemID/11665 (379 words)

	National Constitutions
		Constitution of Medina (Dustur al-Madinah) (English), Mohammed (622)
		Constitution of Republic of China, 1947 (English and Chinese)
		Constitution for the United States of America (1789) (English)
	www.constitution.org /cons/natlcons.htm (148 words)

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