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Topic: Constitution of Iraq

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Occupation of Iraq

2003 Iraq War

Iraq disarmament crisis

The War with Iraq

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Interim Iraq Governing Council

Global protests against war on Iraq

invasion of Iraq

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Human rights situation in post Saddam Iraq

List of places in Iraq

In the News (Fri 1 Jun 12)

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	ICL - Iraq Index
		Although the charter is temporary, council members and U.S. executives expect it to serve as the basis for the permanent constitution.
		The constitutional referendum originally planned for the early 1990s could not take place due to the state of war.
		April 2003: After the Iraq War, U.S. establishes the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) as a temporary civil administration for Iraq.
	www.oefre.unibe.ch /law/icl/iz__indx.html (706 words)

	IRAQ: The Interim Constitution - Council on Foreign Relations
		The interim constitution is somewhat vague on the issue, "but the default position is that the regions won't have much power," Feldman says.
		The constitution says 25 percent of the seats in the transitional national assembly should go to women, though this is a goal and not a specific quota.
		After the interim constitution is made public, the coalition will move on to its next major challenge: deciding who will run Iraq's government between June 30, 2004, and January 31, 2005, when an election for a national assembly must be held.
	www.cfr.org /background/background_iraq_const.php (1892 words)

	Long Live the New Iraq!
		The people of Iraq, striving to reclaim their freedom, which was usurped by the previous tyrannical regime, rejecting violence and coercion in all their forms, and particularly when used as instruments of governance, have determined that they shall hereafter remain a free people governed under the rule of law.
		This government shall be constituted in accordance with a process of extensive deliberations and consultations with cross-sections of the Iraqi people conducted by the Governing Council and the Coalition Provisional Authority and possibly in consultation with the United Nations.
		The design of the federal system in Iraq shall be established in such a way as to prevent the concentration of power in the federal government that allowed the continuation of decades of tyranny and oppression under the previous regime.
	www.cpa-iraq.org /government/TAL.html (7068 words)

	Constitution of the Kingdom of Iraq (1925)
		This law shall be known as «The Iraq constitution»; its provisions shall be in force in all parts of the Kingdom of Iraq.
		Iraq is a constitutional hereditary monarchy with a representative Government.
		Iraq nationality shall be defined by a special law and will be acquired or lost in accordance with the terms thereof.
	www.geocities.com /dagtho/iraqiconst19250321.html (6662 words)

	A Constitution for Iraq by Llewellyn H. Rockwell, Jr.
		Every day you can read the "good news" on Iraq from their interchangeable columnists such as Deroy Murdock who thinks it is just glorious that there are ever more troops in uniform in Iraq.
		The US constitution came perhaps as close to this ideal as possible, until its meaning was perverted into a complete reversal, from restricting power to enabling it, from binding government to giving government a mandate for a thousand things to do to us.
		He says that if you look historically at the conditions under which constitutions are written, you find that their underlying purpose is not to restrict government power, but rather to expand it, with rhetoric about freedom and rights to serve as a distraction.
	www.lewrockwell.com /rockwell/iraq-constitution.html (1338 words)

	JURIST Iraq - Iraqi law, legal research, human rights
		The provisional Constitution of 1968 stipulated that the Arab Ba'th Socialist Party governs Iraq through the Revolutionary Command Council (RCC), which exercises both executive and legislative authority.
		A new Interim Constitution was adopted in 1990.
		In 1999 the UN Special Rapporteur on Iraq and international human rights groups observed that the repressive nature of the political and legal systems precludes the rule of law.
	jurist.law.pitt.edu /world/iraq.htm (1429 words)

	FDD: Iraq Women and Constitution
		Mohammed at Iraq the Model shares pictures of the demonstration, and relates conversations with Islamist women who held a small counter demonstration: "No to immorality and dissolution" they called, illustrating the way Islamists play into the fears of a conservative society by equality women's rights with sexual promiscuity.
		Iraq should abide by all international treaties and agreements that guarantee human rights, women’s rights, the rights of children, and the rights of those with special needs, and consider these treaties and agreements as one of the sources of law.
		The drafting of Iraq's new constitution has been taking place mainly behind closed doors, and it was only in the last few weeks that Iraqis had a glimpse into the process when unofficial drafts were leaked to the media.
	fdd.typepad.com /fdd/iraq_women_and_const/index.html (2305 words)

	Iraq - Interim Constitution
		(a) The sovereignty of Iraq is an indivisible entity.
		The Constitution guarantees freedom of opinion, publication, meeting, demonstrations and formation of political parties, syndicates, and societies in accordance with the objectives of the Constitution and within the limits of the law.
		The President of the National Council and every member of it, is responsible before the Council for violating the Constitution or for breaking the constituencies of the constitutional oath or for any action or behavior, considered by the National Council as disgracing the honor of the responsibility which he assumes.
	www.vescc.com /constitution/iraq-constitution-eng.html (3581 words)

	Politics in Iraq: The Constitution and Beyond (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		With the draft of the final Iraqi constitution about to be put to a national referendum on October 15, 2005, the Saban Center convened a policy luncheon on September 29, 2005 with two leading experts on Iraq: Prof.
		For example, the draft final constitution addresses the issue of whether the national or regional governments should control the oil sector with a provision that states that the federal government will administer "current" oil fields in cooperation with the regional and governorate authorities.
		There needs, he argued, to be a realization that both the supporters of the draft final constitution and its opponents have a common destiny, and that those who he said had been disenfranchised had to be integrated into the political process.
	www.brookings.edu /fp/saban/events/20050929.htm (1293 words)

	Crafting a constitution for Iraq - The Washington Times: Commentary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Iraq would be divided into 150 single-member electoral districts of approximate equal population of 167,000.
		The latter is indispensable for the rule of law and democracy in Iraq with its 60 percent Shi'ite population and mullahs devoted more to the edicts of the Holy Koran than to secular laws ordained by popular and democratic consent.
		Accordingly, the Iraqi Constitution should prohibit any religious motivation defense to a violation of a valid and evenhandedly applied secular law; and, it should prohibit the enactment of laws whose sole purpose is the promotion of religion with no plausible secular objective.
	www.washtimes.com /commentary/20030602-085644-1537r.htm (775 words)

	Iraq's Draft Constitution By Baghdad Burning
		The latter would seem to indicate that people living in Iraq are not constitutionally obliged to call themselves Iraqi and this could potentially open the door for changing the name of the country at some point.
		The constitution respects the Islamic identity of the majority of the Iraqi people, and guarantees the full religious rights for all individuals and the freedom of creed and religious practices.
		In the old constitution that was being used up until the war, the ‘Temporary Constitution’ of 1970 which came into implementation on the 16th of July, 1970, the only reference to Islam is in Article (4) which simply states: Islam is the religion of the state.” There is nothing about its role in the constitution.
	www.countercurrents.org /iraq-burning280905.htm (2804 words)

	Constitution of Iraq - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The current constitution of Iraq was approved by a referendum that took place on 15 October 2005.
		The constitution was drafted in 2005 by members of the Iraqi Constitutional Committee to replace the Law of Administration for the State of Iraq for the Transitional Period (the "TAL").
		The constitution was drafted by a committee appointed by the Iraqi Transitional Government that was elected in January 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Constitution_of_Iraq (2487 words)

	Iraq’s New Constitution By Ghali Hassan
		The new draft constitution is based on the November 2003 US-crafted illegitimate interim constitution, the Transitional Administrative Law (TAL), produced from the notes book of Paul Bremer, then the US Proconsul in Baghdad.
		Its aim is the colonisation of Iraq and the wholesale privatisation of Iraq’s economy.
		The pro-Iran segment of the “government” and the Kurd warlords are seeking to protect their self-interests and divide Iraq along ethnic and sectarian lines by way of “federalism”, a euphemism for a divided nation.
	www.countercurrents.org /iraq-hassan190805.htm (2005 words)

	Online NewsHour: Iraq Interim Constitution Signed -- March 8, 2004
		Members of Iraq's Governing Council signed an interim constitution Monday that is geared toward helping the country prepare for self-rule after the U.S.-led coalition transfers power in June.
		Iraq is set to hold caucuses as part of its U.S.-led transition to democracy, but Shiite leaders are demanding direct elections instead.
		This is the first step towards the assertion, reassertion of the sovereignty of the people of Iraq, which has been usurped for at least 35 years by a tyrannical and brutal regime.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/bb/middle_east/jan-june04/iraq_3-8.html (1670 words)

	Constitution getting Iraq approval (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		BAGHDAD, Iraq -- Iraq's war-battered voters apparently approved a new constitution in voting Saturday, preliminary and unofficial results showed yesterday, but disaffected Sunni Arabs proved unexpectedly formidable in their first venture into post-Saddam Hussein politics with a strong vote against the U.S.-backed charter.
		As early tallies from the constitutional referendum emerged yesterday, some Sunni leaders cried foul, saying their field surveys showed they had in fact crossed the threshold for defeating the proposal.
		Adil Lami of Iraq's electoral commission said the commission had received no formal complaints of fraud, adding that "launching accusations in advance" was a tactic typically used by people who felt results were not going their way.
	www.post-gazette.com /pg/05290/589951.stm (870 words)

	Time for Kids \| News \| A New Constitution for Iraq
		The constitution is important to the people of Iraq because it establishes new laws and goals for the country.
		The interim, or temporary, constitution paves the way for Iraq to hold elections, approve a permanent constitution and eventually return Iraq to a self-ruled country.
		President George W. Bush called the signing of the constitution a "historic milestone in the Iraqi people's long journey from tyranny and violence to liberty and peace." The U.S. plans to turn power over to a new Iraqi government on June 30.
	www.timeforkids.com /TFK/news/story/0,6260,599207,00.html (513 words)

	NPR : Federalism Keeps Iraqi Negotiators Talking
		Morning Edition, August 24, 2005 ·; Federalism and the relationship between Iraq's distinct regions and cultures is a sticking point in negotiations over a new constitution.
		Second, this constitution guarantees the Islamic identity of the majority of the Iraqi people, and the full religious rights for all individuals, and the freedom of creed and religious practices.
		Article (65): The president of the republic is the president of the country and the symbol of the nation's unity and represents the sovereignty of the country and oversees the guarantees of adherence to the constitution, the preservation of Iraq's independence and unity and the security of its territory, in accordance to the law.
	www.npr.org /templates/story/story.php?storyId=4811850 (2087 words)

	Press Releases: Iraq, CFR background Q&A on Iraq’s constitution
		Another setback occurred July 25 when a draft of the constitution was leaked to the press; the document detailed Shiite plans to enshrine Islam as the supreme source of law, curbing the rights of women.
		The Transitional Administrative Law (TAL)-the interim constitution passed by Iraqis under U.S. oversight in 2004-recommends that oil revenues be distributed to regions based on population, with special consideration given to parts of Iraq-such as the Kurdish north and the Shiite-dominated south-neglected by the former regime.
		Under an earlier draft of the constitution, women would be stripped of their rights to inherit property on an equal basis as men, and their legal protections in case of divorce would be weakened.
	www.reliefweb.int /rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/RMOI-6F73PR?OpenDocument (1666 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Special reports \| Q&A: Iraq's constitution
		The Kurds already have an autonomous region, in northern Iraq, but the constitution gives the Shia an area of self-rule in the south.
		That Iraq's first permanent parliament since the 2003 US-led invasion, due to be elected on December 15, could appoint a committee to look at changes to make the constitution more acceptable to Sunnis.
		The constitution declares that Islam is "a main source" of legislation, and states that no law may contradict Islamic and democratic standards or "the essential rights and freedoms mentioned in this constitution".
	www.guardian.co.uk /Iraq/Story/0,2763,1549574,00.html (619 words)

	Iraq Gets Draft Constitution
		Shiite members of Iraq's constitutional committee earlier in the day said they would present an incomplete document to the assembly without full agreement from their panel's Sunni Arab members.
		The issue hinges on control of Iraq's oil reserves, which are mostly in the Shiite-majority south and the Kurdish-majority north.
		Al-Maliki, a Shiite member of constitutional committee, said the committee still was meeting in the hours before the deadline to work out details of the document.
	www.aina.org /news/20050822152421.htm (942 words)

	Online NewsHour: Draft Constitution Raises Concerns Among Iraqi Factions-- August 29, 2005
		RAY SUAREZ: And for more on Iraq's constitutional wrangling and its outcome we're joined by two Americans who were born in Iraq: Laith al-Saud is a lecturer in social sciences at Harold Washington College in Chicago.
		Rend al-Rahim Francke is executive director of the Iraq Foundation, which promotes democracy in Iraq; she served as Iraq's acting ambassador to the U.S. last year under the country's first interim government.
		I have to respectfully disagree with the ambassador.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/bb/middle_east/july-dec05/iraq_8-29.html (2487 words)

	Iraq: Interim Constitution Shortchanges Women (Human Rights Watch, 5-3-2004) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Iraqi interim constitution, officially known as the Temporary Administrative Law, will serve as the country’s fundamental legal framework until a new permanent constitution is put in place by December 31, 2005.
		The interim constitution contains certain equal protection clauses, including the provision granting Iraqi women a substantial number of seats in parliament and explicitly states that any references made in the masculine tense apply to both men and women.
		However, in the future, Iraq’s constitution should explicitly contain provisions that guarantee women’s equal rights in the family and in society more broadly, Human Rights Watch said.
	hrw.org /english/docs/2004/03/05/iraq7936.htm (408 words)

	Iraq constitution has been approved - Conflict in Iraq - MSNBC.com
		BAGHDAD, Iraq - Iraq’s constitution was adopted by a majority in a fair vote during the Oct. 15 referendum, as Sunni Arab opponents failed to muster enough support to defeat it, election officials said Tuesday.
		The charter is considered a major step in Iraq’s democratic reforms, clearing the way for the election of a new, full-term parliament on Dec. 15.
		The vote on the constitution was 78.59 percent for ratification and 21.41 percent against, the commission said.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/9803257 (844 words)

	PILPG: Iraq Post-Conflict Constitution Program
		The roundtable produced a report which was designed to help navigate the complexities of the constitution-building process by providing analysis and recommendations on the various state structures and processes post-conflict states have adopted in order to achieve both stability and democracy when faced with a diversity of ethnic and religious interests.
		To facilitate the process of constitutional implementation, the Public International Law and Policy Group (PILPG), along with nine co-sponsoring organizations in Washington, DC, hosted a series of roundtable discussions and conducted a Negotiation Simulation to address the key issues relating to this constitutional process.
		The roundtable resulted in a report that aims to help navigate the complexities of the constitution building process by providing analysis and recommendations on the various state structures and processes by which states have sought to achieve both stability and democracy when faced with a diversity of ethnic and religious interests.
	www.pilpg.org /areas/peacebuilding/simulations/iraq (904 words)

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