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Topic: Constitution of Peru

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	CAT Report - Peru (1999) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Peru ensures that education and information regarding the prohibition against torture are fully included in the training of law enforcement personnel, civil or military, medical personnel, public officials and other persons who may be involved in the custody, interrogation or treatment of any individual subjected to any form of arrest, detention or imprisonment.
		Peru prohibits, in any territory under its jurisdiction, other acts of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment which do not amount to torture when such acts are committed by or at the instigation of or with the consent or acquiescence of a public official or other person acting in an official capacity.
		Peru considered it desirable in the initial stages to define the practice of torture as a crime without prejudice to the fact that the crimes of enforced disappearance and genocide were also incorporated in its legislation at the same time.
	www.law.wits.ac.za /humanrts/cat/peru1999.html (7383 words)

	Peru - GOVERNMENTAL SYSTEM
		The 1933 constitution was, at least in theory, operative until 1980, although civilian government was interrupted from 1933 to 1939, 1948 to 1956, and 1968 to 1980.
		Constitutional guarantees could be suspended during a state of emergency, defined as the disruption of peace or the domestic order, a catastrophe, or grave circumstances affecting the life of the nation.
		Constitutional guarantees could also be suspended during states of siege, defined as an invasion, a civil war, or imminent danger that one of these events may occur.
	countrystudies.us /peru/71.htm (1134 words)

	Constitution of Peru - Wikisource
		Education is given at all levels in accordance with constitutional principles and for the purposes of the educational institution in question.
		It is the duty of the Office of Public Defender to defend the constitutional and fundamental rights of the individual and the community and to ensure compliance with the duties of the government administration and the provision of public services to the citizens.
		Peru, a country in the Southern Hemisphere that is connected wit~ Antarctica by coastlines extending, toward it as well as by ecological factors, and its historical background.
	en.wikisource.org /wiki/Constitution_of_Peru (14555 words)

	Peru: Death Penalty Constitution Passes (Nov 96 RW)
		Peru's Fujimori regime held a referendum on October 31 on the new Constitution which puts even more power in the hands of the dictator and his military generals.
		Although the passing of the Constitution was expected, what came as a big shock-including to Fujimori's U.S. imperialist backers-was the slim margin of the "yes" vote.
		Now, that new Constitution mandates more cuts, in public services, limits on free education, and restrictions on workers rights-all in the name of promoting a "free market economy." In the period leading up to referendum, students and others protesting the new Constitution were brutally attacked by the police.
	www.csrp.org /RW/rwdeath.htm (1472 words)

	CAT Report - Peru (1994) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Article 2 (1) of the Constitution recognizes the right to physical and moral integrity of the person; article 2 (24) (h) specifies that no one may be the victim of moral, psychological or physical violence or subjected to inhuman or humiliating treatment.
		Article 36 of the new Constitution recognizes the institution of political asylum and accepts the classification of refugee given by the Government granting asylum; it is therefore possible to avail oneself of that institution in Peru.
		Article 37 of the Constitution stipulates that extradition is subject to the existence of the law, of treaties and of the principle of reciprocity.
	www.law.wits.ac.za /humanrts/cat/peru1994.html (8404 words)

	IDRM Americas 2004 Report - Peru
		The Committee on Truth and Reconciliation disclosed that "Peru lived through an internal armed conflict between 1980 and 2000, which was the most extensive and prolonged episode of violence in all the history of the Republic.
		In 1993, the National Rehabilitation Institute conducted a survey to identify the "prevalence of impairments, disabilities and handicaps in Peru." The survey found that the prevalence of disabilities was largest in the coastal area of the country with 39% of the population consisting of persons with disabilities.
		Through the years, Peru has incorporated into its Political Constitutions rules for the protection and recognition of the social, economic, and political rights of persons with physical, intellectual, or sensorial impairments and of persons who are "mentally ill." This is especially true of the last two Constitutions, adopted in 1979 and 1993, respectively.
	www.cirnetwork.org /idrm/reports/americas/countries/peru.html (5338 words)

	Peru profile and general information
		Peru's distinct geographical regions are mirrored in a socioeconomic divide between the coast's mestizo-Hispanic culture and the more diverse, traditional Andean cultures of the mountains and highlands.
		Peru is divided into 24 departments and the constitutional province of Callao, the country's chief port, adjacent to Lima.
		Congress President Valentin Paniagua was selected according to Peru’s constitution to head an interim government after President Alberto Fujimori fled the country and resigned in November 2000 in the wake of a bribery scandal and political turmoil resulting from his tainted re-election to a third term in June 2000.
	www.peru-explorer.com /peru.htm (5205 words)

	Peru's never-ending quest for the perfect Constitution
		Peru's recent history of constitutional reform reflects the country's complicated relationship with democracy.
		Peru is not the only country in the region contemplating constitutional changes.
		Constitution, but he agrees that some sort of large-scale reforms may be necessary.
	www.latinamericanstudies.org /peru/quest.htm (621 words)

	Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women, Concluding Observations/Comments - Peru
		She stated that the Constitution gave equality between women and men clear legal support and that the Civil Code, the Labour Code and the Children's Code were under review.
		As to the new Constitution which entered into force in December 1993, various concerns had been expressed with respect to a number of elements, especially the fact that the principle of fundamental equality had been eliminated and that economic, social and cultural rights had been omitted from the category of fundamental rights.
		Furthermore, article 4 of the Constitution clearly stated that the community and the State are both responsible for the protection of abandoned children, adolescents, mothers and the elderly.
	www1.umn.edu /humanrts/cedaw/cedaw-peru.htm (4266 words)

	Human Rights Watch: Publications: Americas : Peru
		Throughout Peru’s twelve-year internal war, women have been the targets of sustained, frequently brutal violence committed by both parties to the armed conflict often for the purpose of punishing or dominating those believed to be sympathetic to the opposing side.
		The people of Peru are caught in a deadly crossfire between government forces and a brutal insurgent movement, chiefly Sendero Luminoso, as they battle for control of the country.
		Peru’s citizens now live under a sustained state of emergency: in effect governed by the military, they lack basic protections against arbitrary arrest, incarceration, or extrajudicial execution by the armed and police forces or the paramilitary groups that are tolerated.
	www.hrw.org /hrw/pubweb/Webcat-79.htm (1534 words)

	PHR2004 - The Republic of Peru (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		All this constitutional rights are included, in one way or another, inside the article 1, that settles down that "the protection of the person and respect for his dignity plows the supreme goal of society and the State".
		The Constitutional Tribunal concluded on January 3, 2003, that it was unconstitutional and an excessive punishment.
		Peru signed the American Convention on Human Rights on July 28, 1978, and accepted the jurisdiction of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights on January 21, 1981, withdrew from the jurisdiction of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in July 1999, which was reestablished on January 12, 2001.
	www.privacyinternational.org /article.shtml?cmd[347]=x-347-83772 (3759 words)

	Perú: An example not to be followed
		Peru, thanks to the permanent pressure from disability groups, has committed itself, ethically and morally, by signing international instruments and national legislation.
		In Peru, 26% of the children under 5 years of age present chronic malnutrition, we have the second highest rate of tuberculosis in Latin America.
		Peru is an example of the bad path not to take in terms of disability.
	www.disabilityworld.org /09-10_03/gov/peru.shtml (835 words)

	Sex and Gender in Latin
		Peru - in spite of its socio-economic problems - is a country that, in the last few years, has been vigorously questioning itself with inter-disciplinary dedication on the subject of sex and gender in order to reflect over ways to explain and understand its interacting between different communities.
		In this context, the gay community has not been considered in their relationships and roles, often of an androcentric nature, which is based on masculine being the norm (1).
		When the new Constitution was proclaimed without mentioning in it ;discrimination by gender’, an empty statement has been left at the discretion of the judiciary and the authorities.
	www.geocities.com /uwestaus/sexandgender.html (4162 words)

	University of Minnesota Human Rights Library
		Hence, it was not known with any degree of certainty whether or not the Constitution would be approved; but the IACHR nevertheless went ahead with a request for an advisory opinion regarding a provision contained in a new body of law that had no effect whatsoever.
		This does not mean that disguised contentious cases may be submitted as requests for advisory opinions, nor that the Court must analyze and rule on the considerations giving rise to the request; instead, it must weigh whether the issue raised relates to the aims of the Convention, as in the instant request.
		Consequently, if the Commission is of the opinion that the amendment to the Constitution of Perú could constitute a manifest violation of the obligations of that State under the Convention, it may avail itself of that circumstance to request an advisory opinion of a general nature.
	hei.unige.ch /humanrts/iachr/b_11_4n.htm (4047 words)

	Peru 2000 Chapter I
		The Constitution provides that the President of the Republic directs the National Defense System, is the Supreme Chief of the Armed Forces and National Police, and is assigned the power to promote officers to the rank of general and admiral in the Armed Forces, and general in the National Police.
		The constitution in force up until 1993[7] contained provisions that expressly established the priority to be accorded respect for human rights as a matter of law and policy for the State.
		The Constitution of Peru was approved by the Democratic Constituent Congress and ratified in the referendum of October 31, 1993; it was then promulgated on December 29, 1993.
	www.cidh.oas.org /countryrep/Peru2000en/chapter1.htm (4783 words)

	Peru's looming disaster - Editorials & Commentary - International Herald Tribune
		The revolt of Latin American voters against the political class began in Peru in 1990, with the election of an obscure agronomy professor named Alberto Fujimori.
		There is credible testimony from several families in his zone that men directly under his command tortured and killed peasants, and that he participated in terrorizing and ransacking the business of a store owner who demanded payment from his soldiers.
		All this is widely known in Peru, yet a large chunk of voters are not bothered.
	www.iht.com /articles/2006/05/03/opinion/edperu.php (368 words)

	Peruvian Law
		The Peruvian president is popularly elected for a 5-year term, and the 1993 constitution permits one consecutive re-election.
		The principal executive body is the Council of Ministers, headed by a prime minister, all appointed by the president.
		The judicial branch of Peru's government is headed by a 16-member Supreme Court seated in Lima.
	jurist.law.pitt.edu /world/peru.htm (234 words)

	Privacy and Human Rights - Peru
		In April 2002, Peru passed a new law to govern the interception of communications and private documents.
		The SIN conducted widespread surveillance and illegal phone tapping of government ministers and judges assigned to constitutional cases, beginning in the early 1990s.
		Peru signed the American Convention on Human Rights on July 28, 1978, but withdrew from the jurisdiction of the American Court of Human Rights in July 1999.
	www.privacy.org /pi/survey/phr2002/peru.html (1991 words)

	Perú - FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ON DOING BUSINESS IN PERU (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The general rules are mainly set forth in the 1993 Political Constitution of Peru, the Legislative Decree 662 (the Foreign Investment Law), and the Legislative Decree 757 (the Private Investment Law).
		Therefore, foreign companies may do business in Peru in any form permitted by law, without any restrictions based on the type of business or corporate form adopted, except for broadcasting or some specific requirements which may have to be fulfilled.
		Custom Duties are levied on the CIF value of goods imported into Peru with a rate that goes from 4% to 20% according to the type of goods.
	www.bomchilgroup.org /perfaq.html (1702 words)

	Report Exposes Problems within Peru's Judicial System
		The commission recommended that Peru repeal those laws that prevent defendants and their defense counsels from identifying judges and prosecutors, and those which limit defendants' right to be presumed innocent until proven guilty.
		The commission further found that the language of Peru's anti-terrorism laws were too broad and permitted law enforcement officials to regard almost any violent act as a crime of terrorism.
		Specifically, it concluded that the definition of the crime of terrorism should be re-drafted in language that clearly and precisely defines the unlawful conduct, and that the Peruvian government repeal laws that allow military courts to try civilians for the crime of treason.
	www.wcl.american.edu /hrbrief/v1i2/peru12.htm (724 words)

	National Constitutions
		Constitution of Medina (Dustur al-Madinah) (English), Mohammed (622)
		Constitution of Republic of China, 1947 (English and Chinese)
		Constitution for the United States of America (1789) (English)
	www.constitution.org /cons/natlcons.htm (148 words)

	GUIDE TO LAW ONLINE: Peru
		Perú: Constitución / Constitution (Georgetown University Political Database of the Americas) in Spanish
		Peru: Executive Institutions / Instituciones ejecutivas (Georgetown University Political Database of the Americas)
		JURIST: Peru (University of Pittsburgh School of Law)
	www.loc.gov /law/guide/peru.html (303 words)

	Peru’s Yanacocha Gold Mine
		However, many local residents have asserted that the Yanacocha mine has caused so much environmental harm and social dislocation that they are now opposed to any further development of the mine, and many would like it to be shut down completely.
		They both self-identify as indigenous peoples and are recognized as such under the Constitution of Peru.
		The Federation of Rondas Campesinas Femeninas of Northern Peru (FEROCAFENOP) has documented a nearly 20% increase in family problems since the Yanacocha mine began operating, including non-recognition of children, abandonment of families, failure to pay child support and domestic abuse.
	www.ciel.org /Ifi/ifccaseperu.html (2747 words)

	freedominfo.org: country pages - peru
		(5) In 2003, The Constitutional Court ordered the release under habeas data of all the expenses of the ex-president of Peru, Mr.
		A monitoring project by IPYS found that only 17 percent of requests were fully responded to, 32 percent of requests were not answered at all and 68 percent of the requests answered were not done within the timeframes.
		The Access Initiative - Peru, Situation of the Access to the Information, to the Social Participation and to the Environmental Justice in Peru.
	www.freedominfo.org /countries/peru.htm (1399 words)

	Living in Peru » News » UPP announces law proposal for a referendum on Peru's Constitution
		Living in Peru » News » UPP announces law proposal for a referendum on Peru's Constitution
		Daniel Abugattás, congressman for 'Union por el Peru' (UPP), announced that his alliance led by Ollanta Humala will present a law proposal for a referendum to consult Peru's population on keeping the current Constitution penned in 1993, or returning to the Constitution of 1979.
		Referring to other political subjects, Abugattás expressed that his oppositional alliance aspires to preside over nine congressional commissions, among them Control, Constitution, Budget and Economy and advanced that each commission's chairmanship will be defined in a meeting attended by all congressional party spokesmen.
	www.livinginperu.com /news/2226 (377 words)

	JURIST - Peru
		Peru guerilla leader Guzman sentenced to life imprisonment for terrorism
		[JURIST] A Peruvian judge [Peru judiciary website, in Spanish] on Thursday indicted [press release, in Spanish] Ollanta Humala [COHA profile; BBC report], the opposition leader who narrowly lost the June Peruvian presidential election [BBC report] to....
		Peru justice minister says ex-president Fujimori to be extradited from Chile soon
	jurist.law.pitt.edu /countries/peru.php (380 words)

	Peru: Constitutions
		República del Perú / Republic of Peru Constituciones Constitutions
		Constitución de 1993 incluyendo reformas hasta octubre 2005 / 1993 Constitution including reforms until october 2005 (en español)
		Constitución de 1993 incluyendo reformas hasta abril 2005 / 1993 Constitution including reforms until April 2005 (en español)
	www.georgetown.edu /LatAmerPolitical/Constitutions/Peru/peru.html (72 words)

	OIE - Constitution Day
		These are countries for which we have not been able to find the above information online.
		If anybody could help us find it, please feel free to email us the information at intledu@auburn.edu Subject: Constitutions.
		Constitutional Courts and Equivalent Bodies (Council of Europe)
	www.auburn.edu /academic/other/international_education/constitutionday (235 words)

	Peru State College Faculty Senate Constitution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Constitution and bylaws of the Faculty Senate may be amended by two thirds (2/3) majority of the Faculty.
		This Constitution and accompanying by-laws will become operative when approved by the Faculty, the President of the College, and the Nebraska State Board of Trustees.
		The adoption of this Constitution and accompanying bylaws renders null and void all previous faculty constitutions and bylaws, including the Faculty Association Constitution and bylaws.
	www.hpcnet.org /peru/facultysenate/constitution (1136 words)

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