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Topic: Constitution of Poland of April 1935


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In the News (Tue 14 Feb 12)

  
  Constitution of Poland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Constitution abolished pernicious parliamentary institutions such as the liberum veto, which at one time had placed the sejm at the mercy of any deputy who might choose, or be bribed by an interest or foreign power, to undo all the legislation that had been passed by that sejm.
In the War in Defense of the Constitution, Poland was betrayed by its Prussian ally Frederick William II and defeated by the Imperial Russia of Catherine the Great, allied with the Targowica Confederation, a cabal of Polish magnates who opposed reforms that might weaken their influence.
Prior to the current 1997 Constitution, country was governed by the Small Constitution of 1992, which amended the main articles of the Stalinist Polish Constitution of 1952 and formed the legal basis of the Polish State between 1992 and 1997.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Constitution_of_Poland   (1889 words)

  
 Poland
Poland's location in the very center of Europe became especially significant in a period when both Prussia/Germany and Russia were intensely involved in European rivalries and alliances and modern nation states took form over the entire continent.
The shattered Poland that emerged from the rubble of World War II was reconstituted as a communist state and incorporated within the newly formed Soviet sphere of influence in Eastern Europe, despite the evident wishes of the overwhelming majority of the Polish nation.
To the south of the lowlands are the lesser Poland uplands, a belt varying in width from ninety to 200 kilometers, formed by the gently sloping foothills of the Sudeten and Carpathian mountain ranges and the uplands that connect the ranges in southcentral Poland.
www.mongabay.com /reference/country_studies/poland/all.html   (17850 words)

  
 The World at War - Poland Timeline 1918-52
Poland in federation with Lithuania was a pre-eminent Central European power during the latter middle ages.
The agreement left Poland in possession of large tracts of previously Russian territory where Poles were only a small per-centage of the population and ended Lithuanian aspirations of establishing Wilno (Vilnius) as the capital of their newly independent state.
Poland's fate was sealed by the weakness of its allies and the strength of its enemies.
worldatwar.net /timeline/poland/18-52.html   (5040 words)

  
 Poland
Poland now has a largely homogeneous population, its percentage of national or ethnic minorities being one of the lowest in Europe, officially estimated at between 2-3 per cent of the population by the Interior Ministry, and unofficially at between 3.5-4.5 per cent.
The Lemkos (sometimes referred to as Ruthenians or Rusyns) are a distinct ethnic group that inhabited the northern slopes of the Carpathian Mountains for centuries (in the south-east, near the Ukrainian border).
On 5 April 2001, the investigation into the Jedwabne pogrom conducted by the Instytut Pamieci Narodowej (IPN, Institute of National Memory)—begun the previous summer and expected to be completed by April 2002—revealed that, according to German archives, Nazi troops (Schaper's Commando) might have been involved in the Jedwabne pogrom.
www.axt.org.uk /antisem/countries/poland/poland.htm   (15245 words)

  
 Timeline Poland
Poland was given Pomerelia and West Prussia, and the knights retained East Prussia, with a new capital at Königsberg (Kaliningrad).
Poland’s partition line was moved eastwards from the Vistula line to the line of the Bug.
Between April and May some 25,700 (15,000) Polish citizens were massacred by the Soviets in the Katyn and Miednoje (Mednoye) forests on the outskirts of Moscow and at Kharkov in western Russia (later Ukraine).
timelines.ws /countries/POLAND.HTML   (14109 words)

  
 List of Presidents of Poland   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
The Polish Government in Exile operated pursuant to the Constitution of Poland of April 1935, the legal basis for the government.
Boles&322;aw Bierut (1944 - 1947, as President of the National Country Council - Prezydent Krajowej Rady Narodowej; 1947 - 1952, as President of the Republic of Poland - Prezydent RP).
The Council of State was, theoretically, a collective head of state; de facto, however, the most important personage was the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers' Party.
list-of-presidents-of-poland.bati.iqnaut.net   (298 words)

  
 Freemasonry in Poland - formerly and today   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
Although only minute part of the Polish clergy belonged to the lodges, antimasonic projects have not won the Church's approval, because most of the bishops were loath to risk a conflict with the king and his faction.
The direct result of the then-proclaimed Constitution of the 3rd May was an intervention of the neighbouring states and the second partition of Poland.
There are five lodges of this current in Poland: "Pierre et Marie Curie" in Warsaw, "Orzeł Biały" (White Eagle) in Katowice, "Pod Ulem" (Under the Hive) in Toruń, "Konstytucja Trzeciego Maja" (3rd May Constitution) in Warsaw, and "Recontre Fraternelle" in Warsaw using French language.
www.republika.pl /adnikiel/freemasonry.html   (2684 words)

  
 Poland
Poland was formally reconstituted in Nov. 1918, with Marshal Josef Pilsudski as chief of state.
All of Poland was occupied by Germany after the Nazi attack on the USSR in June 1941.
Poland was a staunch supporter of the United States and Britain during the Iraq war and sent 200 troops to Iraq (60 were combat soldiers).
www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0107891.html   (1496 words)

  
 EVENTS 1935
League Council condemned the unilateral denunciation by Germany of the treaty of Versailles.
(General uneasiness had developed into panic, as the result of rumors that at the end of April certain highly-placed Nazis had used their knowledge of the impending devaluation of the currency for their personal profit, and that a further devaluation was contemplated.
Poland and Danzig by agreement withdrew regulations and decree respectively of July 18, supra, and August 1, supra.
www.ibiblio.org /pha/events/1935.html   (7861 words)

  
 Chronology 1935
A new constitution, forced through the Sejm by the new regime, brought an end to Poland's democratic, parliamentary system of government.
Under the new constitution, the president appointed one-third of the members of the Senate and the remaining two-thirds were elected by people of special distinction.
Despite the focus of political power in the Polish army under the new constitution, the army and its supporters experienced opposition from a number of political parties.
www.indiana.edu /~league/1935.htm   (5393 words)

  
 April
On April 17, 1961 an invasion force of 1,400 U.S.-trained, exiled Cuban soldiers landed at the Bay of Pigs.
By April 20th, the exiles had been completely defeated, all of which were killed or captured.
April 30 is the day when many communities celebrate Día de los Niños/Día de los Libros (Day of the Child/Day of the Book).
www.studyplans.com /april.htm   (6521 words)

  
 Find in a Library: Constitution of the Republic of Poland (April 23rd 1935)
Find in a Library: Constitution of the Republic of Poland (April 23rd 1935)
Constitution of the Republic of Poland (April 23rd 1935)
WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
www.worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/1967365de3424042.html   (76 words)

  
 Mises Economics Blog: April 2005 Archives   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
Apparently the Bush administration’s dedication to a “strict construction” of the Constitution allows for the right to receive “the benefits of fair and competitive pricing,” that is, prices determined ex post by DOJ lawyers rather than buyers and sellers in the free market.
Backward-looking penalties are prohibited by the ex-post facto clause of the Constitution as well as longstanding principles of common law.
Reinsurance practices that were recognized as fair and appropriate by willing market participants and by the state over many years cannot be considered fraud due to a lone prosecutor's sudden change of opinion.
blog.mises.org /archives/2005_04.asp   (15718 words)

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