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Topic: Constitution of Spain

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Spanish Constitution of 1978

Amendments to the Spanish Constitution of 1978

Spanish Constitution of 1812

Spanish Congress of Deputies

Spanish Senate

Politics of Spain

Constitution of France

Prime Minister of Spain

President of the Spanish government

Spain

List of political parties in Spain

Autonomous communities of Spain

Constitution of Germany

Carlists

Cortes Generales

	[No title]
		Spain occupies about 85 percent of the Iberian Peninsula and is bounded by water for about 88 percent of its periphery; its Mediterranean coast is about 1660 km (about 1030 mi) long, and its Atlantic coast is about 710 km (about 440 mi) long.
		Spain has traditionally been an agricultural country and is still one of the largest producers of farm commodities in Western Europe, but since the mid-1950s industrial growth has been rapid.
		Spain and the United States renewed their bilateral defense agreement in 1988, allowing the continued use of bases in Spain by the United States for an additional eight years.
	toptown.williamlthomas.com /SPAIN.htm (12012 words)

	[No title]
		Spain is hereby established as a social and democratic State, subject to the rule of law, and advocating as highest values of its legal system liberty, justice, equality and political pluralism.
		The Constitution is based on the indissoluble unity of the Spanish Nation, the common and indivisible motherland of all Spaniards; it recognizes and guarantees the right to selfgovernment of the nationalities and regions of which it is composed and the solidarity between them all.
		The Crown of Spain shall be inherited by the successors of H. Juan Carlos I de Borbón, the legitimate heir of the historic dynasty.
	www.senado.es /constitu_i/articuls/arts_old.html (15389 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Spain, 1814-1833
		Spain was represented at the Vienna Congress, but did not have much influence in its decisions.
		Spain, however, did not recognize the independence of the Latin American republics until into the 1860es.
		Spain was an object of European diplomacy, not an actor in it.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/spain/spain18141833.html (802 words)

	Spain (08/05)
		Spain's accession to the European Community--now European Union (EU)--in January 1986 required the country to open its economy, modernize its industrial base, improve infrastructure, and revise economic legislation to conform to EU guidelines.
		Spain has been an effective example of transition from authoritarianism to democracy, as shown in the many trips that Spain's King and Prime Ministers have made to the region.
		Spain and the United States have a long history of official relations and are closely associated in many fields.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/2878.htm (3737 words)

	All EU Hopes on Spain \| Current Affairs \| Deutsche Welle \| 14.02.2005
		Spain expects to be the first country to ratify the EU constitution by popular vote in a Feb. 20 referendum.
		Spain, the first of around a dozen countries planning a referendum, is set to give the wider EU 'yes' camp an early boost with the bulk of voters here expressing an opinion saying they are in favor.
		Spain and Portugal have announced that they will hold referendums on the European Union constitution, increasing the chance that a single national vote will block its passage.
	www.dw-world.de /dw/article/0,1564,1482986,00.html (1034 words)

	ICL - Spain - Constitution
		The Constitution is based on the indissoluble unity of the Spanish nation, the common and indivisible homeland of all Spaniards, and recognizes and guarantees the right to autonomy of the nationalities and regions which make it up and the solidarity among all of them.
		The Constitution guarantees the autonomy of the municipalities.
		The President of the Constitutional Court shall be appointed by the King from among its members, on the recommendation of the Plenum of the Court itself, for a period of three years.
	www.oefre.unibe.ch /law/icl/sp00000_.html (15266 words)

	Institute for Policy Studies - The Iraqi Constitution & Events in Spain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The constitution calls for a federal system of government, in which despite language to the contrary, the sectors are almost certain to be determined by Iraqis' ethnic and religious identity.
		This would take place in the context of Kurdish opposition to any future constitution, since Kurds constitute the majority in three provinces, and the interim constitution insures that a law, or permanent constitution, would fail if it is opposed by a majority of people in at least three provinces.
		Madrid has returned to the side of global opposition to war; their place in the UN Security Council means that the balance of forces within that very body is shifting, and we have the possibility to imagine reclaiming the United Nations as part of our global mobilization for peace.
	www.ips-dc.org /comment/Bennis/iraqconspain.htm (1411 words)

	Information and History about the Government of Spain.
		The most important task of the constitution was to devolve power to the regions, which were given their own governments, regional assemblies and supreme legal authorities.
		Spain has been a member of the UN since 1955, NATO since 1982 and the EU since 1986, and is also a permanent observer member of the Organisation of American States (OAS).
		The Constitutional Court is responsible for ensuring that laws passed by parliament comply with the constitution and international agreements to which Spain is party.
	www.andalucia.com /spain/government/constitution.htm (1013 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Europe \| Spain voters approve EU charter
		Spain's prime minister hailed the result, but his opponents pointed to the low turnout of 42%.
		It was the first of a series of European polls on the constitutional treaty, which must be ratified by all 25 EU member states to go into effect.
		Spain joined the EU in 1986, and has since benefited from generous EU subsidies.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/europe/4280841.stm (418 words)

	Autonomous Communities of Spain Article, AutonomousCommunitiesSpain Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Spain 's fifty provinces (provincias) are grouped into seventeen autonomous communities (comunidades autónomas), in addition to two African autonomous cities (ciudadesautónomas) (Ceuta and Melilla).
		The initial intent was not that every part of Spain should become part of an autonomous community, but that only the"historic" communities would be created.
		The Spanish Constitution of 1931 gave autonomy to Catalonia and the Basque Country, but the Spanishwar crushed this experiment.
	www.anoca.org /sp/ba/autonomous_communities_of_spain.html (619 words)

	Statewatch News online: Spain: A land of asylum? article by Delia Blanco (CEAR)
		Today, Spain is, and it is deeply painful for us to say this, a land that is hostile to refugees as a result of the government's policy.
		It is not the welcoming place that the Spanish people voted in favour of in the Constitutional referendum in 1978, or the place that the figures and organisations that founded CEAR dreamt of in the heat of this sentiment in May 1979.
		The democratic Spain of 2003 has forgotten about the bloodied Spain of 1939, which saw how hundreds of thousands of its children had to flee the Franco regime's terror and were spread around the different corners of the planet.
	www.statewatch.org /news/2004/jan/11spain-asylum.htm (1699 words)

	Chapter 19: A History of Spain and Portugal, vol. 2
		It was based on Napoleon's Bayonne Constitution of 1808, which stipulated for Spain a legislature composed of a lifetime appointive senate and a three-estate assembly--clergy, nobility, and commons--in part elected, in part chosen by town councils, in part appointed by the king.
		The constitution of 1812 was the work of the middle-class political intelligentsia, supported by most of the middle and part of the upper classes.
		Subsequently, the 1812 constitution served as an inspiration to liberals in Italy and in Portugal, and Spain in fact led in the process of political democratization in western Europe until 1843.
	libro.uca.edu /payne2/payne19.htm (15693 words)

	Constitution of Spain -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Constitution of Spain -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		Due to its turbulent (A record or narrative description of past events) history, (A parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power) Spain has had many (The act of forming something) constitutions since the first one was drafted in 1812.
		(additional info and facts about Spanish Constitution of 1812) Spanish Constitution of 1812 (nicknamed "La Pepa" because it was approved in St. Joseph's day, whose name can be aliased as "Pepe" in Spanish)
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/co/constitution_of_spain.htm (116 words)

	U S Constitution - Treaty with Spain for the Acquisition of Florida, 1819 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		While in the hands of Spain, Florida was the source of much annoyance to the Southern States.
		(4) To all claims of citizens of the United States upon the Government of Spain, arising from the unlawful seizures at sea, and in the ports and territories of Spain, or the Spanish colonies.
		The United States, exonerating Spain from all demands in future, on account of the claims of their citizens to which the renunciations herein contained extend, and considering them entirely cancelled, undertake to make satisfaction for the same, to an amount not exceeding five millions of dollars.
	www.usconstitution.com /TreatywithSpain.htm (1006 words)

	The Peninsular War and the Constitution of 1812. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The following basic principles were ratifies: sovereignty resides in the Nation, the legitimacy of Fernando VII as King of Spain, and the iviolability of the deputies.
		The work of the Cortes of Cadiz was very intense and the first Spanish constitutional text was promulgated in the city of Cadiz on March 12th 1812.
		This list does not include the Statute of Bayonne, approved by Joseph I in 1808, which many authors do not regard as a constitution in the proper sense, since it was imposed as a result of the Napoleonic invasion.
	www.sispain.org /english/history/peninsul.html (535 words)

	Mexican Constitution of 1824
		The Constitution of 1824, the first of the newly independent Republic of Mexico, was the document under which DeWitt Colonists were invited to emigrate to the Republic, was the one under which they assumed they were protected and the one they swore to defend.
		Its Territory consists of that, which was formerly called the viceroyalty of New Spain, that styled the captain generalship of Tucaton, that of the commandant generalship formerly called the Internal Provinces of East and West, and that of Lower and Upper Caliafornia, with the lands annexed, and adjacent lands in both seas.
		The Articles of this Constitution and the Constitutional Act which establishes the Liberty and Independence of the Mexican Nation, its Religion, form of Government, Liberty of the Press, and division of the Supreme Powers of the Federation, and of the States, can never be reformed.
	www.tamu.edu /ccbn/dewitt/constit1824.htm (7648 words)

	Secular drive challenges Spain's Catholic identity \| csmonitor.com
		But Spain's constitutional history is unusual, fraught with compromises that made democracy here take a form different from the one promoted by Thomas Jefferson.
		Less than a week after the constitution was put into effect in 1979, for example, the Spanish state signed a set of agreements with the Holy See that in effect continued the Catholic Church's privileged legal and economic status.
		Even since its 1979 constitution, Spain has not consistently tolerated religious diversity, Although Cruz Villalón asserts that the new measure is not "a secular crusade," it is clear that Spain is facing the urgent question of whether it is ready to break with its past and take concrete steps to ensure genuine religious freedom.
	www.csmonitor.com /2004/1001/p07s02-woeu.html (975 words)

	Forbes.com: ANALYSIS-Spain playing high-stakes poker on EU constitution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Objections by Spain and Poland to a simplified voting system for an enlarged European Union of 450 million people have irked big partners, posing the main threat to a smooth endorsement of the draft constitution drawn up by a 105-member convention.
		Spain and Poland, one of 10 countries set to join the Union next year, insist on keeping the complex voting system agreed on at Nice in 2000, which gives them an influence out of proportion to their populations, each of around 40 million people.
		He said there was a better chance Spain and Poland would give in on their constitutional demands "if their interests are more likely to be protected in the budgetary discussions".
	www.forbes.com /home_europe/newswire/2003/10/09/rtr1104564.html (770 words)

	Spain (Country Profiles from National Geographic MapMachine) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Spain occupies most of the Iberian Peninsula in southwest Europe, and its territory includes the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean and the Canary Islands in the Atlantic.
		Yet the government's pro-business policies in the 1990s were blamed for widening the gap between rich and poor and for the bankruptcy of noncompetitive industries—all contributing to high unemployment.
		Spain is one of the European Union nations participating in the euro currency.
	plasma.nationalgeographic.com /mapmachine/profiles/sp.html (295 words)

	Spain: Federico Garcia Lorca's body to be exhumed Victim of Franco's Falangist militia
		Socialist Party (PSOE) Mayor Juan Caballero, in the village of Barranco de Viznar near Granada in southwest Spain, has given his support for the beginning of legal proceedings to secure a permit for the excavation of a mass grave located in a nearby ravine at the foothills of the Sierra Nevada.
		Since the end of the civil war relatives of the dead have been afraid to explore the graves because of the threat of arrest by the civil guard and victimisation at the hands of former Franco officials still in place.
		In 1977 during negotiations for elections and a constitution for Spain, an amnesty was granted to all those that participated in the civil war.
	www.wsws.org /articles/2003/oct2003/lorc-o11.shtml (2392 words)

	Poland Rekindles Hopes of EU Constitution Deal \| Europe \| Deutsche Welle \| 19.03.2004
		While the under the proposed constitution 50 percent of states and 60 percent of the EU's population would have to agree, an Irish proposal would change that to 55 percent in both cases, hence preventing Germany, France and Britain from being able to block decisions.
		The constitution, drafted by the convention chaired by the former French president Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, is designed to give the EU a new president and foreign minister, streamline decision-making in a union of 25 members and attempt to make the EU more democratically accountable and transparent.
		Under Nice, Spain and Poland would enjoy disproportionately large influence within the bloc with the same voting rights as EU heavyweights such as Germany, whose population is twice as large.
	www.dw-world.de /english/0,3367,1433_A_1147168_1_A,00.html (860 words)

	Freedom Magazine - Church of Scientology: Spain Constitution
		Under the Constitution and other legislation, the freedom of parents to ensure the religious and moral education of their children in conformity with their own convictions is assured.
		The acquittals were upheld by the Supreme and Constitutional Courts in October 1994.
		Spain has a penal code which makes incitement towards another on the basis of religion illegal.
	religiousfreedom.freedommag.org /eng/page23.htm (489 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Europe \| Spain derby kicks off EU campaign
		Spain's football clubs are trying to encourage fans to vote in the referendum because the EU constitution is vital for the future of Europe.
		Information pamphlets on the EU constitution are to be handed out at all Spanish first and second division matches in the lead up to the referendum on 20 February.
		Lithuania and Hungary, both among the 10 countries to join the EU last May, have both ratified the new EU constitution in a parliamentary vote.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/europe/4160795.stm (290 words)

	Foreign Affairs - Spain's New Democracy - Stanley Meisler
		The possibility of a socialist victory was not even considered by the government or the socialists and such a victory would have caused a crisis had it occurred.
		Democracy in Spain was too fragile and unformed for such a step.
		He ruled Spain in the 1960s and 1970s with a morality, political philosophy, and fierce...
	www.foreignaffairs.org /19771001faessay9846/stanley-meisler/spain-s-new-democracy.html (549 words)

	Public Libraries Section - Country Reports
		Since the ratification of the Spanish Constitution in 1978, Spain has been politically organised as a state comprised of 17 Autonomous Communities.
		The number of public libraries in Spain has increased by 62% over the last ten years, increasing from 2,465 libraries in 1990 to 4,009 in 2000.
		The preliminary results of this study show that the public library collections in Spain are, on average, small, that their stocks are hardly kept up to date and that they hardly incorporate the new information technologies.
	www.ifla.org /VII/s8/annual/cr03-es.htm (1807 words)

	Twilight of New Spanish Texas
		Spain had not undisputedly controlled the area northeast of the Rio Grande River to the Arroyo Hondo and Calcasieu Rivers by treaty since the Louisiana Territory was briefly returned to France in 1800.
		Moses Austin declared he was a 55-year-old subject of the King of Spain as shown by his passport of 1797, a Catholic and that he carried no goods to be traded, only articles and supplies for his own use on the trip.
		He stated that he was moved by the reinstatement of the liberal constitution of Spain and desired to request permission, along with 300 other families, to settle in the empire in fulfillment of his King’s desire at the time of the Louisiana Purchase to allow his subjects freedom of movement between provinces.
	www.tamu.edu /ccbn/dewitt/Spain3.htm (4206 words)

	JURIST - Spain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The 1978 constitution established Spain as a parliamentary monarchy with hereditary constitutional monarch as head of state.
		The judicial structure consists of local, provincial, regional, and national courts with the Supreme Court at its apex.
		The Constitutional Court has the authority to return a case to the court in which it was adjudicated if it can be determined that constitutional rights were violated during the course of the proceedings.
	jurist.law.pitt.edu /worldlaw/spain.php (450 words)

	Cadiz, Spain - Current News & Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Cervantes, always an outsider in Spain during his lifetime, is in some ways still struggling to fit in here, even as the country plans big celebrations for the...
		The court is a hub for Spain's probes of Islamic terror cases, including the March 11 train bombings in Madrid, which killed 191 people and have been blamed on...
		Spain's ombudsman is investigating how a boat carrying immigrants, at least 37 of whom drowned, was left to battle through rough seas in the Bay of Cadiz for...
	www.4newz.net /world/am/Cadiz.html (9907 words)

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