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Topic: Constitution of the PRC

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	Political status of Taiwan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The PRC is unwilling to negotiate under any other formulation than a one China policy, but has been willing to allow the meaning of "one China" to remain ambiguous.
		The PRC refuses to maintain diplomatic relations with any nation that recognizes the ROC, and most nations have diplomatic relations with Beijing while maintaining offices in Taipei that are diplomatic in all but name.
		Public opinion in Taiwan regarding relations with the PRC is notoriously difficult to gauge as poll results tend to be extremely sensitive to how the questions are phrased and what options are given, and there is a tendency by all political parties to spin the results to support their point of view.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan (4634 words)

	Encyclopedia: Politics of China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The PRC is an oligarchy in which political power and advancement depends on gaining and retaining the support of an informal body of people numbering one to two thousand who constitute the leadership of these organs.
		In 1982, the National People's Congress adopted a new state constitution that emphasized the concept of rule of law by which party and state organizations are all subject to the law.
		The PRC officially describes itself as a multiethnic state providing ethnic autonomy in the form of autonomous administrative entities in accordance with Section 6 of Chapter 3 (Articles 111-122) of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, and with more detail under the Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy of the People's Republic of China.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Politics-of-China (9478 words)

	Definition of Constitution of the PRC
		The Constitution has five sections: the preamble, general principles, the fundamental rights and duties of citizens, the structure of the state, and the national flag and emblems of state.
		Accordingly, Article 1 of the State Constitution describes China as a "people's democratic dictatorship," meaning that the system is based on an alliance of the working classes--in communist terminology, the workers and peasants--and is led by the Communist Party, the vanguard of the working class.
		Whereas the 1978 constitution stressed "self-reliance" in modernization efforts, the 1982 document provides the constitutional basis for the considerable body of laws passed by the NPC in subsequent years permitting and encouraging extensive foreign participation in all aspects of the economy.
	www.wordiq.com /definition/Constitution_of_the_PRC (1178 words)

	Constitution of the PRC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Malolos and Other Philippine Constitutions The 1898 Barasoain Church Constitution and signatories led by Apolinario Mabini and approved by Emilio Aguinaldo.
		U.S. Constitution The text of the Constitution and Amendments and a comment/question area/FAQ.
		Utah Constitutions A short history of the Utah Constitution, with links to text of the original Constitution, scanned images of a facsimile of that Constitution, and the text of the Constitution as currently amended.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Constitution_of_the_PRC.html (319 words)

	Learn more about Chinese law in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		In 1982, the National People's Congress adopted a new state constitution that emphasized the rule of law under which even party leaders are theoretically held accountable.
		The PRC constitution and laws provide for fundamental human rights, including due process, but theses are often ignored in practice.
		In the area of constitutional law, the Republic of China uses the 1947 Constitution which was promulagated for both Mainland China and Taiwan although numerous changes have been made to take into account the fact that the Republic of China only controls Taiwan and two counties of Fujian.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /c/ch/chinese_law.html (666 words)

	[No title]
		The amendment of the PRC Constitution in 1982 sought to fabricate the illusion of "one China." At the time of the Shanghai Communique, the one China the US government "recognized" was neither the ROC nor the PRC.
		The PRC has also purchased large quantities of advanced weapons, naval vessels, submarines, and fighter jets in preparation for an attack against Taiwan within the next 10 years, apparently showing that "Chinese do not fight Chinese" is nothing but a slogan.
		ARATS on the PRC side and the SEF on the Taiwan side should arrange for agreements among high-ranking government officials of both sides on international relations, bilateral commercial and trade cooperation, public health issues, problems of illegal immigration, crackdowns on international crime, economic issues, tariffs, agriculture cooperation, technological exchanges, news exchanges, tourism and transportation.
	www.taiwansecurity.org /TT/2001/TT-022301.htm (2962 words)

	PRC Scholar on Workers' Rights to Organize and To Strike (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Constitution of the PRC guarantees to everyone the right to organize: Chapter Two, article 35 states "Citizens of the PRC have the freedom of speech, publishing, assembly, to organize themselves, to travel and to demonstrate".
		The law of the PRC law on Unions stipulates that "workers have the right to participate in and organize labor unions" -- this of course means the All China Federation of Labor Unions.
		There is a clear difference between the PRC Constitution and the law on this point, notes Chang.
	www.usembassy-china.org.cn /sandt/labor-rights.html (1012 words)

	The Constitution of the Republic of Liberia
		The process of writing a new constitution began on April 12, 1981, when Dr. Amos Sawyer, a political scientist at the University of Liberia, was appointed chairman of the National Constitution Committee (NCC), the 25-member body that was given the responsibility of drafting a new constitution for Liberia.
		This Constitution is the supreme and fundamental law of Liberia and its provisions shall have binding force and effect on all authorities and persons throughout the Republic.
		Constitution and laws of the land, shall have the right to canvass for the votes for any political party or candidate at any election, provided that corporate and business organizations and labor unions are excluded from so canvassing directly or indirectly in whatsoever form.
	www.theperspective.org /liberianconstitution.html (8887 words)

	The Standard Bearer: July 1, 2001
		If the PRC desire to be known by something, they desire to be known as churches willing to deny themselves and take up their cross for the sake of the defense of that truth.
		The PRC have many enemies, many we have not even seen, enemies that hate the PRC as a manifestation of the true church in the world, who desire to see her destroyed, who perhaps hate us more because we understand our weaknesses, have seen our sins, and know our vulnerabilities.
		Grounds included that the PRC have been visiting the field for five years, that three groups have expressed desire for a missionary from the PRC, and that work in the Philippines has developed to the point that a missionary is necessary.
	www.prca.org /standard_bearer/volume77/2001jul01.html (12356 words)

	Constitution of the People's Republic of China 1982
		Amendments to the Constitution are to be proposed by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress or by more than one-fifth of the deputies of the National People's Congress and adopted by a vote of more than two-thirds of all the deputies to the Congress.
		The chairman of an autonomous region, the prefect of an autonomous prefecture or the head of an autonomous county shall be a citizen of the nationality exercising regional autonomy in the area concerned.
		Article 7 of the Constitution, ("The state economy is the sector of socialist economy under ownership by the whole people; it is the leading force in the national economy.
	www.fortunecity.com /victorian/riley/787/China/documents/1982Constitution.htm (10072 words)

	Constitution of the People's Republic of China - 1993 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		This Constitution, in legal form, affirms the achievements of the struggles of the Chinese people of all nationalities and defines the basic system and basic tasks of the state; it is the fundamental law of the state and has supreme legal authority.
		Article 114 The chairman of an autonomous region, the prefect of an autonomous prefecture or the head of an autonomous county shall be a citizen of the nationality exercising regional autonomy in the area concerned.
		At the same time, they exercise the power of autonomy within the limits of their authority as prescribed by the Constitution, the Law of the People's Republic of China on Regional National Autonomy and other laws and implement the laws and policies of the state in the light of the existing local situation.
	www.chinalaw.cc /lib/general/01.htm (9533 words)

	Chinese law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		In drafting the new laws, the PRC has declined to copy any other legal system wholesale, and the general pattern has been to issue laws for a specific topic or location.
		In formulate laws, the PRC has been influenced by a number of sources including traditional Chinese views toward the role of law, the PRC's socialist background, the German-based law of the Republic of China on Taiwan, and the English-based common law used in Hong Kong.
		The PRC constitution and laws provide for fundamental human rights, including due process, but some have argued that they are often ignored in practice.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/chinese_law (1466 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Le PRC peut par ces propositions, ouvrir la voie à une participation future de Mayotte dans les choix comoriens à venir.
		Puisque la constitution de l’Union donne une autonomie à la limite de l’indépendance aux îles et que seul le strict minimum reviendra à l’Union, les institutions nationales sont très réduites et leur coût amoindri.
		La constitution de l’île doit définir et régler le problème majeur inhérent aux droits politiques et socio–économiques des comoriens.
	www.chez.com /prc/prop_prc.htm (1771 words)

	Constitution of the People's Republic of China: Amendments to the PRC Constitution (1988) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Article 11 of the Constitution shall include a new paragraph, which reads: "The state permits the private sector of the economy to exist and develop within the limits prescribed by law.
		The private sector of the economy is a complement to the socialist public economy.
		The fourth paragraph of Article 10 of the Constitution, which provides that "no organization or individual may appropriate, buy, sell or lease land, or unlawfully transfer land in other ways," shall be amended as: "No organization or individual may appropriate, buy, sell or unlawfully transfer land in other ways.
	www.personal.leeds.ac.uk /~chifc/PRCCsgml-6.html (166 words)

	President of the People's Republic of China : President of the PRC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Formally, the President is elected by the National People's Congress in accordance with Article 62 of the Constitution.
		In practice, who is President is determined after negotiations among the top leaders of the Communist Party of China.
		The reason for the confusing translation was that the authors of the 1982 constitution considered the term zongtong to be too non-Marxist while the English term Chairman had too many associations with Mao Zedong.
	www.eurofreehost.com /pr/President_of_the_PRC.html (332 words)

	CONSTITUTION OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
		Amendments to the Constitution are to be proposed by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress or by more than one-fifth of the deputies to the National People's Congress and adopted by a majority vote of more than two-thirds of all the deputies to the Congress.
		The administrative head of an autonomous region, prefecture or county shall be a citizen of the nationality, or of one of the nationalities, exercising regional autonomy in the area concerned.
		At the same time, they exercise the right of autonomy within the limits of their authority as prescribed by the Constitution, the law of regional national autonomy and other laws, and implement the laws and policies of the state in the light of the existing local situation.
	english.peopledaily.com.cn /constitution/constitution.html (11166 words)

	Democracy in HK and PRC's Constitution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Democracy in HK must follow the PRC constitution.
		According to PRC constitution, members of Hong Kong People's Deputy Conference (Congress) will be elected by residents in Hong Kong.
		Based on PRC Constitution, the governor of Hong Kong is to be nominated by the governor of Guangdong Province and to be approved by Hong Kong People's Deputy Conference.
	weekly.china-forum.org /CCF94/ccf9408-4.html (188 words)

	The 1984 Constitution of Liberia
		The 1984 constitution, drafted under the watcheful eyes of the military regime, replaced the old Liberian constitution which was suspended on April 12, 1980.
		The process of writing a new constitution began on April 12, 1981, when Dr. Amos Sawyer, a political scientist at the University of Liberiia was appointed chairman of the National Constitution Committee (NCC).
		The Legislature shall, no later than one year after the coming into force of this Constitution, prescribe the guidelines and determine the procedure under which the President, by reason of illness, shall be declared incapable of carrying out the functions of his office.
	pages.prodigy.net /jkess3/Constitu.htm (8976 words)

	2 Legal system of the PRC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		This is evident in that the constitution does not protect rule of law, fair trial, rights, freedom of speech and other issues that we in the west tend to think of as inseparable from constitutions.(Footnote Alse_n p.
		The NPC is the highest lawmaking power of the PRC, however it is not believed to exercise real power since it meets to infrequently and is to large to be a lawmaking body.
		Although the constitution grants different areas of authorization to the NPC and the Standing Committee (Footnote Art 67, constitution) it is not unusual that their works cover the same areas.
	www.geocities.com /WallStreet/4288/ch2.htm (3254 words)

	Legal Forum Network (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Human rights are regarded as highest values which are embodied in the constitutional law in some of the liberal countries, or rather those countries adopting capitalism, including Japan.
		The Constitution, its three preceding constitutions (i.e., 1954-constitution, 1975-constitution and 1978-constitution) and the Common Principles, a provisional constitution established in 1949, all provide to the effect that China is a country organized under the PDD concept.
		This is because it may be argued that Western democracy and Western human rights are incompatible with the PDD doctrine, the fundamental doctrine regarding the political nature of China.
	www.enstarsw.co.uk /document.asp?id=34 (2246 words)

	Confucius At Oxford: Nationality, Ethnicity and Politics in China
		Equality of the different nationalities and protection from discrimination is enshrined in the constitution of the PRC.
		Despite the immense changes that the CCP has undergone in the past two decades, with changes to policy and a revamp of priorities, the party continues to encourage the minority nationalities to flourish and grants them autonomy and freedom of expression for their unique cultural traits.
		At the same time, the article upholds a second important principle- that the unity of the PRC is paramount, and even the slightest hint of it will be prevented at all costs.
	www.thum.org /oxon/archives/000935.html (2481 words)

	Walter Hutchens' Blog: Constitutional Changes Approved as Expected (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		It notes, "China's constitution is subordinate to the party and is amended often to reflect changes in official ideology." Alexa Olsen writing for the Associate Press called these amendments "symbolic steps" and correctly named the NPC as a "figurehead legislature."
		As time goes on and the current PRC constitution gets larded with new slogans, it becomes ever more bizarre.
		I wish the PRC Constitution gave PRC citizens "trump rights" against the state that could actually be raised through some institutional mechanism like litigation and judicial review.
	www.rhsmith.umd.edu /lbpp/whutchens/2004/03/constitutional-changes-approved-as.html (516 words)

	UCLA Asia Institute :: Story, Print Version
		Just as the PRC claims to be democratic, it also claims to be constitutional, at least in the sense that it has a constitution.
		In fact, the present constitution of the PRC places no restrictions on the exercise of governmental power.
		For the current constitution of the PRC (adopted in 1982, and revised in 1988 and again in 1999) http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/constitution/constitution.html
	www.isop.ucla.edu /asia/print.asp?parentid=3243 (2123 words)

	prc - OneLook Dictionary Search
		PRC : The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language [home, info]
		Phrases that include prc: armed forces of prc, constitution of the prc, fd prc, history of the prc, per tgt prc, more...
		Words similar to prc: china, communist china, mainland china, people's republic of china, red china, more...
	www.onelook.com /?loc=rescb&w=prc (188 words)

	[No title]
		Under the PRC Criminal Procedure Laws, the police are required to provide a warrant for the detention or arrest of any person, and to inform the family of a detainee or arrestee about their detention, arrest and place of detention within 24 hours, except where it “would hinder the investigation” (Articles 64 and 71).
		Article 35 of the Constitution specifies that: “Citizens of the People's Republic of China enjoy freedom of speech, of the press, of assembly, of association, of procession, and of demonstration.” Article 41 provides that the right of free speech includes the right to criticize and make suggestions to any state organ or functionary.
		These responsibilities are outlined in the Constitution of the PRC as well as the Organic Law of the Local People’s Congresses and Local People’s Governments of the People’s Republic of China.
	www.cja.org /cases/Liuqi_Docs/Liuqi_BerringAff.html (2002 words)

	China: Gross violations of human rights in the Xinjiang Uighur autonomous region (includes erratum) - Amnesty ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		In the XUAR as in the rest of the PRC, all major policy decisions are taken by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and almost all senior posts in the regional and local CCP committees are held by ethnic Chinese (or Han).
		While Amnesty International is not in a position to verify the specific allegations made in individual testimonies and reports, it believes that the number and consistency of these allegations suggest a pattern which warrants immediate action by the authorities, including thorough and impartial investigations of all reports and complaints of torture.
		Under international human rights law, the right not to be tortured can never be derogated from, even "in time of public emergency which threatens the life of the nation".(32) This right applies whoever the detainee may be and whatever the crimes he or she is suspected of having committed.
	web.amnesty.org /library/index/ENGASA170181999 (18841 words)

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