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Topic: Constitution-of-Austria

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Constitution of Austria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Austria's state constitutions congruently define the states to be unicameral parliamentary democracies; each state is outfitted with a legislature elected by popular vote and a cabinets appointed by said legislature. Judicial powers not committed to the Administrative and Constitutional Court System are vested with the Civil and Criminal Court System, a structure consisting of civil courts on the one hand and criminal courts on the other hand. Federal executive authority is vested with the federal president, an official elected by popular vote for a term of six years and limited to two terms of office. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Federal_Constitution_(Austria)

Constitution of Austria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia In spite of its name, the Constitution of Austria is not a comprehensive specification of the procedural and ideological framework of Austrian politics but merely forms the kernel of a large body of constitutional law scattered across literally dozens of separate legal documents. Austria's state constitutions congruently define the states to be unicameral parliamentary democracies; each state is outfitted with a legislature elected by popular vote and a cabinets appointed by said legislature. The Constitutional Court examines the constitutionality of laws passed by the National Assembly. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Constitution_of_Austria

MSN Encarta - Print Preview - Austria Austria is a democratic, federal republic governed according to the constitution of 1920, as amended in 1929 and subsequently modified. Like the constitutions of many other Western democracies, the constitution of Austria provides for a distinct division of power among the executive, the legislative, and the judicial branches of government. Austria has compulsory military service of six months plus duty in the reserves for men aged 18 to 50. encarta.msn.com /text_761575697___33/Austria.html

The Organisation of the Vienna City Administration - Vienna - A part of the Federal Republic of Austria - Austria’s federal constitution Austria is a federal state consisting of nine federal provinces. Their sphere of competence is protected by the federal constitution. They have their own sphere of competence, clearly defined and guaranteed to them by the federal constitution. wien.at /english/politics/organisation/constitut.htm

ICL - Austria Index In addition to the codification of the Austrian constitution there are several other constitutional laws (acts on a constitutional level) and constitutional rules in simple laws. The Austrian constitutional court is empowered to a review of parliamentary laws from a constitutional perspective. Austria is -- regarding its constitution -- a parliamentary republic. www.oefre.unibe.ch /law/icl/au__indx.html

World War I - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia On June 28, 1914, Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria and heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, was assassinated in Sarajevo by Gavrilo Princip, a Bosnian Serb student. The Armistice with Austria was granted to take effect at three o'clock on the afternoon of November 4. The outbreak of the conflict is often attributed to the alliances established over the previous decades — Germany - Austria - Italy vs. France - Russia ; Britain and Serbia being aligned with the latter. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/World_War_I

Encyclopedia: Reichspräsident The provisions of the Weimar constitution for the impeachment or deposition of the president are similar to those found in the The Constitution of Austria or sterreichisches Bundes-Verfassungsgesetz (B-VG) is one of the chartas governing political life in the Republic of Austria. This may be the adoption of a new constitution, a constitutional amendment, a law, the recall of an elected official or simply a... Weimar constitution created a The semi-presidential system is a system of government that features both a prime minister and a president who are active participants in the day to day functioning of government. www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Reichspr%E4sident

Articles - National Council of Austria Austria's federal constitution defines Austria to be a presidential democracy : the executive branch of government is supposed to be headed by the president and not to be answerable to the legislative branch. A related discrepancy between Austrian constitutional theory and Austrian political practice is that the constitution defines the President of the National Council to be Austria's second highest public official, junior only to the president proper. There are three exceptions to this rule: bills amending constitutional law, bills curtailing the rights of Austria's member states, and bills pertaining to the organization of the legislature itself cannot be forced into law against Federal Council opposition. www.kamero.net /articles/National_Council_of_Austria

fedleg.htm Constitutional laws or constitutional provisions contained in federal laws can be enacted by the Nationalrat only in the presence of at least half of its deputies and with a two-thirds majority of the votes cast. Any overall modification of the Federal Constitution must be made the subject of a national referendum. The Federal Minister concerned may modify the draft legislation to take account of changes suggested during the review procedure, but he is not obliged to make these changes. www.austria-cafe.com /fedleg.htm

The Federal Constitution - Part IV The Federal Constitution, on the other hand, carefully separates the judicial authority from all external influences; and it provides for the independence of the judges, by declaring that their salary shall not be altered, and that their functions shall be inalienable. The greater number of the Constitutions of the States assign one year for the duration of the House of Representatives, and two years for that of the Senate; so that members of the legislative body are constantly and narrowly tied down by the slightest desires of their constituents. In the Constitutions of all the States the judicial power is that which remains the most independent of the legislative authority; nevertheless, in all the States the Legislature has reserved to itself the right of regulating the emoluments of the judges, a practice which necessarily subjects these magistrates to its immediate influence. www.globusz.com /ebooks/DemocAm1/00000027.htm

Austrian Press & Information Service Austria's constitutional law comprises the Federal Constitution, in the strict sense of the term, a multitude of constitutional acts and state treaties. Austria is involved in international matters at different levels: after the signing of the State Treaty in May 1955, and the decision in favour of permanent neutrality, Austria joined the UN at the end of 1955, and the Council of Europe in 1956. Austria's international role in the nineties is also attested to by other events: membership of the UN Security Council in 1991/92, coincided with the Gulf War and the incipient conflict in Yugoslavia. www.austria.org /political.shtml

Germany - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Although not one of the main causes, the assassination of Austria's crown prince triggered World War I on 28 July 1914, which saw Germany as part of the unsuccessful Central Powers in the second-bloodiest conflict of all time against the Allied Powers. The lasting effect of the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire came to be the division between Austria, formerly the leading state of Germany, from the more western and northern parts. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea, to the south by Austria and Switzerland, to the west by France, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg, and to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Germany

Politics of Austria - Enpsychlopedia As of the beginning of the twenty-first century, Austria's Second Republic presents itself as a stable federal republic with a written constitution, governed according to the principles of representative democracy and the rule of law. Even though the Republic of Austria is just slightly larger than Maine, Scotland, or Hokkaid&;, and even though it is home to an ethnically and culturally homogenous population of barely more than eight million people, Austria's constitution characterizes the republic as a federation consisting of nine autonomous federal states. Aside from the fact that the states of Austria lack an independent judiciary on the one hand and that their autonomy is largely notional on the other hand, Austria's government structure is surprisingly similar to that of incomparably larger federal republics such as Germany or the United States. www.grohol.com /psypsych/Politics_of_Austria

ICL - Austria Index In addition to the codification of the Austrian constitution there are several other constitutional laws (acts on a constitutional level) and constitutional rules in simple laws. The Austrian constitutional court is empowered to a review of parliamentary laws from a constitutional perspective. Austria is -- regarding its constitution -- a parliamentary republic. www.oefre.unibe.ch /law/icl/au__indx.html

Tourism in Austria As stated in its constitution, Austria is a democratic republic, composed of nine federal provinces. Austria - a small country with an area of 83.84 square kilometers (32.274 square miles) and 8.1 million inhabitants - is situated in the very heart of Europe. In each of the provinces there is a provincial legislative dealing with matters reserved to the provinces by the Federal Constitution, and a provincial government headed by a "Landeshauptmann". www.austria.org.tr /tourism/tourism.htm

Austria Austria is committed to multilateralism; Vienna is the third UN city and the headquarters of the OSCE. Austria's magnificent natural heritage is one of the reasons behind the heightened environmental awareness of Austrians. Only modifications of the Federal Constitution regarding the Bundesrat itself, or constitutional laws or provisions which restrict the competence of the provinces, are subject to its consent. www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca /canadaeuropa/austria/aboutaus-en.asp

Austria Austria was a transit and final destination country for women trafficked from Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, and the Balkans; the women were trafficked into Austria and other western European countries, primarily for the purpose of sexual exploitation. Austria was invited by the Community of Democracies' (CD) Convening Group to attend the November 2002 second CD Ministerial Meeting in Seoul, Republic of Korea, as a participant. Austria is a multiparty parliamentary democracy in which constitutional power is shared between the popularly elected President and the 183-member Parliament. www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2002/18352.htm

INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS REGULATING WOOD ENERGY ACTIVITIES IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES Austria is one of the most densely forested countries of Central Europe. Austria is specialised in small-scale district heating plant. For example, in the Styria energy plan is determined to raise the contribution of biomass to the energy supply of the province from 14 percent in 1994 to 20 percent in the year 2000. www.fao.org /DOCREP/003/X8876E/x8876e06.htm

ICL - Austria Constitution In this connection, too, the constitutional establishments and their capacity to function as well as the democratic freedoms of residents require to be safeguarded and defended against acts of armed attack from outside. Federal laws and the treaties specified in Article 50 will be published with reference to their adoption by the House of Representatives; federal laws based upon a referendum with reference to the result of that referendum. Should the Federal Chancellor and the Vice-Chancellor simultaneously be prevented from the discharge of their responsibilities, the Federal President entrusts a member of the Federal Government to deputize for the Federal Chancellor. www.oefre.unibe.ch /law/icl/au00000_.html

NEWS LINES AUSTRIA   Österreich   ' + (new Date()) + '   Austrian Convention - establishing a new constitution for Austria. www.ibiblio.org /ais/austria.htm

Austria - The Fundamental Principles of the European constitution In the aftermath of the Spanish referendum, the almost total silence in Austria's media regarding the EU Constitution (see last entry) is somewhat moderated by a few, yet isolated, articles published in the major newspapers on the topic. After the parliamentary vote of May 11 (see blog entry of this date), which endorsed the ratification of the European Constitution(al Treaty) with a large majority, the Austrian head of state, Bundespräsident Heinz Fischer, today concluded the ratification process by signing the ratification document. Austria yet lacks a genuinely broad and well informed open discussion on the EU constitution carried by the mass media. blogs.unige.ch /droit/ceje/dotclear/index.php/Austria

LancasterOnline.com: Austria, Slovakia Ratify EU Constitution Fears that Austria and other small countries could be overrun by larger EU members once the constitution has taken effect were unfounded, said Wilhelm Molterer of the People's Party, the senior member of Austria's government coalition. The Austrian ratification — opposed by just one lawmaker — and the strong support from the Slovak parliament, which voted 116-27 to endorse the constitution, gave EU backers a welcome boost as they try to gain support ahead of a fiercely contested May 29 referendum in France. In Germany, the constitution was expected to sail through a vote set for Thursday in the legislature's lower house, to be followed by a final vote in the upper house on May 27. ap.lancasteronline.com /4/eu_constitution

EU constitution leads Austria to question its neutrality But Schuessel's government lacks the two-thirds majority in parliament needed to amend the constitution and Austrians remain very attached to their neutrality, which is symbol of the independence they regained in 1955. Austria increasinly resembles a lone island in central Europe in terms of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO). But such a move is strongly opposed by the Socialists and the Greens who say the binding obligation written into the clause runs counter to the Austrian constitution. www.spacewar.com /2003/031210143420.oa2968v4.html

ICL - Austria Constitution In this connection, too, the constitutional establishments and their capacity to function as well as the democratic freedoms of residents require to be safeguarded and defended against acts of armed attack from outside. They are, except for differing regulations by Constitutional laws, bound by the instructions of their superiors and responsible to these for the exercise of their office. (1) The constitutional enactment of federal laws is authenticated by the signature of the Federal President. www.oefre.unibe.ch /law/icl/au00000_.html

MERCATOR :: Austria - Constitution of the Austrian Republic 1929 MERCATOR :: Austria - Constitution of the Austrian Republic 1929 Constitution of the Austrian Republic{ Adopted in: 1929} Without prejudice to the rights provided by federal law for linguistic minorities, German is the official language of the Republic.This does not refer to the rights granted to linguistic minorities by federal legislation. www.ciemen.org /mercator/Aust1-gb.htm

JURIST Austria - Austrian law, legal research, human rights Austria is a constitutional democracy with a federal parliamentary form of government. The highest courts of Austria's independent judiciary are the Constitutional Court; the Administrative Court, which handles bureaucratic disputes; and the Supreme Court, for civil and criminal cases. Cases in the Administrative and Supreme Courts concerning constitutional issues can be appealed to the Constitutional Court. jurist.law.pitt.edu /world/austria.htm

CIA - The World Factbook -- Austria Once the center of power for the large Austro-Hungarian Empire, Austria was reduced to a small republic after its defeat in World War I. Following annexation by Nazi Germany in 1938 and subsequent occupation by the victorious Allies in 1945, Austria's status remained unclear for a decade. Austria, with its well-developed market economy and high standard of living, is closely tied to other EU economies, especially Germany's. note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by the financial institutions of member countries; as of 1 January 2002, the euro became the only legal tender in EMU member countries, including Austria www.cia.gov /cia/publications/factbook/geos/au.html

Constitution - Ratification A vote was necessary because the constitution was important for all EU citizens, said Fischer, who was speaking on the sidelines of a political symposium in Alpach in the Tyrol. Austria's particular concern has been the country's neutrality, and how that may be affected by the suggestion of mutual defence. Austrian extreme-right party leader Jorg Haider said on 09.05.05 the Constitution would “fundamentally modif.” the Austrian constitution and therefore should be put to a referendum, similar to the one which approved Austria's entry into the European Union in 1994. www.unizar.es /euroconstitucion/Treaties/Treaty_Const_Rat_Austria.htm

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