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Topic: The Constitutional Act of 1791

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The Constitutional Act of 1791

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	Constitutional Act, 1791
		The Constitutional Act of 1791 was an Act of the British Parliament creating UPPER CANADA and LOWER CANADA.
		This Act enshrined constitutional changes that were part of that reorganization of BRITISH NORTH AMERICA which took place under the pressure of thousands of LOYALISTS seeking refuge after the American Revolution.
		Modelled on the earlier creation of the provinces of New Brunswick and Cape Breton in 1784, a constitutional bill was prepared by William Wyndham Grenville to ensure the development of British parliamentary institutions in the territory governed by the QUEBEC ACT of 1774.
	www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com /PrinterFriendly.cfm?Params=A1ARTA0001872 (229 words)

	Constitutional Act of 1791 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Constitutional Act of 1791 was a British law which changed the government of the province of Quebec to accommodate the many English-speaking settlers, known as the United Empire Loyalists, who had arrived from the United States following the American Revolution.
		The act was problematic for both English speakers and French speakers; the French Canadians felt they might be overshadowed by English settlement and increased rights for Protestants, while the new English-speaking settlers felt the French Canadians still had too much power.
		The act is often seen as a watershed in the developement of French Canadian nationalism as it provided for a province (Lower Canada) that was seen by les Canadiens to be their own, seperate from the Anglo Upper Canada.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Constitutional_Act_of_1791 (442 words)

	Constitutional Act of 1791 - MSN Encarta
		Constitutional Act of 1791, popular title for the Canada Act, a statute passed by the British Parliament in which the old province of Québec was divided into two provinces: Lower and Upper Canada.
		In practice, however, the Constitutional Act of 1791 was a disappointment.
		However, the problem of the lack of responsibility of the executive council to the legislative assembly, which had prevailed under the Constitutional Act of 1791, remained and was not removed until 1848.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_762508355/Constitutional_Act_of_1791.html (321 words)

	Canada in the Making - Constitutional History
		This first section covering 1791 to 1837 looks at the adjustments after the passing of the Constitutional Act and the roots of the discord later in the period.
		The Constitutional Act was passed in order to meet the demands of the Loyalists and give the inhabitants of Québec the same rights as other British subjects in North America.
		Matters were made worse by the fact that the executive was controlled by a small group of friends and acquaintances of the governors, connected by family, patronage and similar conservative ideologies.
	www.canadiana.org /citm/themes/constitution/constitution8_e.html (685 words)

	AllRefer.com - Quebec Act, 1774 (Canadian History) - Encyclopedia
		Quebec Act, 1774, passed by the British Parliament to institute a permanent administration in Canada replacing the temporary government created at the time of the Proclamation of 1763.
		The Thirteen Colonies considered this law one of the Intolerable Acts, for it nullified many of the Western claims of the coast colonies by extending the boundaries of the province of Quebec to the Ohio River on the south and to the Mississippi River on the west.
		Although it thus helped to bring on the American Revolution, the act, for which Sir Guy Carleton was largely responsible, was very influential in keeping Canada loyal to the crown during the Revolution.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/Q/QuebecAc.html (273 words)

	Constitutional debate in Canada - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Constitution Act of 1982 did not change the divisions of responsibilities between the provincial and the federal legislatures, except for the provincial jurisdiction over natural resources and energy, which was clarified and slightly expanded.
		The 1982 constitutional reform introduced an amendment process (which no longer involved the approval of the Parliament of the United Kingdom) and a Charter of rights and freedoms.
		The point of view that the confederation is the act of foundation of the Canadian nation was and still is today the policy of the federal government.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Constitutional_debate_of_Canada (1714 words)

	Constitutional Act of 1791
		The Constitutional Act also tried to create an established church by creating clergy reserves[?] — grants of land reserved for the Anglican Church.
		The Act was problematic for both English and French; the French felt they might be overshadowed by English settlement and increased rights for Protestants, while the new English settlers felt the French still had too much power.
		However, both English and French preferred the Act and the institutions it created to American rule, especially during the increased conflict with the United States 20 years later that led to the War of 1812.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/co/Constitutional_Act_of_1791.html (262 words)

	Encyclopedia: Constitutional Act of 1791 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In English history, the Established Church is the Church of England, the church which is established by the Government, supported by it, and of which the monarch is the titular head; until 1920 it also held the same position in Wales.
		The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England and acts as the mother and senior branch of the worldwide Anglican Communion as well as a founding member of the Porvoo Communion.
		The Act of Union passed in July 1840 and proclaimed February 10, 1841, abolished the legislatures of Lower Canada and Upper Canada and established a new political entity the Province of Canada to replace them.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Constitutional-Act-of-1791 (1154 words)

	Canada - Constitutional Parliament, Etc.
		In 1774 the Quebec Act gave the first constitution to the new province, the government was entrusted to a Governor and legislative council appointed by the King, while the proposed elected assembly was postponed until the country should be more fully prepared for it.
		By an amendment in the Union Act French became an official language, and the provision for equality of representation was a great source of strength to the French when the population of English Canada by leaps and bounds surpassed that of the lower province.
		A written constitution was never given by the Parliament of Great Britain to these provinces as in the case of Upper and Lower Canada, and the history of their political development is only to be found in the various official documents of Colonial Secretaries of State, despatches, statutes, and other out of the way sources.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles31/canada-40.shtml (2194 words)

	Early Canada Historical Narratives -- The Constitutional Act 1791
		Provision was included in the Act for the King to award hereditary titles to members of the Council in order to create a kind of colonial aristocracy which was intended to be the colony's equivalent of Britain's House of Lords.
		The core of the constitution ensured that power remained in the hands of the lieutenant-governor, the Executive Council and the Legislative Council, all of which were completely independent of control by the people.
		John Graves Simcoe, Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada, described the Constitutional Act as the Magna Carta under which Canadians would be "admitted to all the privileges Englishmen enjoy." A society would be created, he said, that would be "the very image and transcript" of Mother England with all its pomp and peerage.
	www.uppercanadahistory.ca /pp/pp1.html (4979 words)

	U.S. Senate: Art & History Home > People > Officers & Staff > President Pro Tempore
		When we consider that the vice president used to be the Senate's regular presiding officer, we can better understand why the Constitution further provided that in the absence of the vice president the Senate could choose a president pro tempore to perform the duties of the chair.
		The Constitution is quite unspecific in its definition of the vice president's role as presiding officer, beyond casting tie-breaking votes.
		If there are minority appointments, the president pro tempore generally acts upon the recommendations of the minority leader in appointing individuals acceptable to the minority.
	www.senate.gov /artandhistory/history/common/briefing/President_Pro_Tempore.htm (2490 words)

	1791 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		1791 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar).
		January 25 - The British Parliament passes the Constitutional Act of 1791, splitting the old province of Quebec into Upper and Lower Canada
		December 15 - Ratification by the states of the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution is completed, creating the United States Bill of Rights.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/1791 (379 words)

	Mitchell.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Canada Act of 1791 also known as the Constitutional Act of 1791 was a law that was made by the British who ruled Canada at the time.
		The Canada Act of 1791 was started because a lot of people (80,000 to 100,000 from the United States) moved to Canada between 1776 and 1815.
		When the Canada Act of 1791 started, the new immigrants were given free land to live on where they were able to build log cabins to lived on, with tools they were given.
	grassroots.brunnet.net /lowerlincoln/loyalists/Mitchell.html (212 words)

	Constitutional Act of 1791 -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Constitutional Act also tried to create an (The church that is recognized as the official church of a nation) established church by creating (Click link for more info and facts about clergy reserve) clergy reserves.
		The act was problematic for both English speakers and French speakers; the French Canadians felt they might be overshadowed by English settlement and increased rights for (An adherent of Protestantism) Protestants, while the new English-speaking settlers felt the French Canadians still had too much power.
		However, both groups preferred the act and the institutions it created to the (Click link for more info and facts about Quebec Act) Quebec Act which it replaced.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/C/Co/Constitutional_Act_of_1791.htm (391 words)

	Encyclopedia: 1791 in Canada (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Edmund Burke supports the proposed constitution for Canada, saying that: "To attempt to amalgamate two populations, composed of races of men diverse in language, laws and habitudes, is a complete absurdity.
		Let the proposed constitution be founded on man's nature, the only solid basis for an enduring government.
		In response to Loyalist demands, the Constitutional Act of 1791 divides Quebec into Lower Canada (mostly French) and Upper Canada (mostly English from America).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/1791-in-Canada (296 words)

	Québec and Constitutional Change (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Act was only the first of the constitutional initiatives that shaped the future direction of Canada because of the differences between francophone and anglophone cultures.
		The Constitutional Act of 1791 was brought into law partly because a number of forces in the society were unhappy with the Québec Act.
		During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, several public Acts, such as the abrogation of official bilingualism in Manitoba in 1890,...the abolition of French schools in Ontario in 1912,...and the strict limitations imposed on French-language instruction in other provinces, were deliberately aimed at repressing the use of French.
	www.ola.bc.ca /online/cf/module-5/q&c.html (18916 words)

	quebec act
		The act preserved a regime for the French area similar to that of France, where there were no elective governing institutions.
		As well, the act changed the boundaries of Quebec by including some of the colonies to the south, where the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers met, and lands to the north, between the Great Lakes and Rupert's Land.
		The act confirmed the Indian territory between the Appalachians and the Ohio country that had been established by the Proclamation of 1763.
	www.fact-library.com /quebec_act.html (469 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Roman Catholic Relief Bill
		By the Corporation Act of 1661, no one could legally be elected to any municipal office unless he had within the year received the Sacrament according to the rite of the Church of England, and likewise, taken the Oath of Supremacy.
		The passing of this act was the occasion of the Gordon Riots(1780) in which the violence of the mob was especially directed against Lord Mansfield who had balked various prosecutions under the statutes now repealed.
		But when the pope excommunicated the queen, and the Spanish king made war on her, and both in attempting to dethrone here found that the Irish Catholics were ready to be instruments and allies, the latter, regarded as rebels and traitors by the English sovereign and her ministers, were persecuted and hunted down.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/13123a.htm (8085 words)

	The Scot in British North America - Chapter III Constitutional Rule prior to 1812 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		He was a man of broad, constitutional views; and, had he remained here for a longer period, the seeds of discontent and disorder would not have so soon brought forth fruits.
		These families constituted a sort of ready-made aristocracy, and, in the primitive time of which we are speaking, their influence was largely for good.
		The forms of constitutional rule existed; yet practically the representatives of the people were chosen from an extremely limited circle; and the legislature, after all, exercised but little control upon public affairs.
	www.scotkids.com /history/canada/scot/chapter14.htm (2325 words)

	Union Act (1840-41) - Readings - Quebec History
		Implicit in the arrangement of 1791 was the thought that the Loyalists had been given a province while the Canadiens would control the other.
		The Union of Upper and Lower Canada shall be declared by a Proclamation of the Governor-general in the next 15 months; this union is made to "secure the rights and liberties and promote the interest of all classes of Her Majesty's subjects." The province is to be known as the Province of Canada.
		The lack of responsibility in government was sure to displease every reformer in the province and the problems evident in the period of l79l to 1840 were bound to resurface.
	www2.marianopolis.edu /quebechistory/readings/1840.htm (1495 words)

	The Constitutional Act, 1791 - Canadian Confederation
		The Constitutional Act of 1791 repealed parts of the Quebec Act of 1774 and stipulated new provisions for the government of the colony.
		In this way London set up a constitutional government after 16 years of legislative government.
		The Act divided the colony -- the Province of Quebec -- into two new provinces: Upper Canada and Lower Canada.
	www.collectionscanada.ca /confederation/023001-2088-e.html (116 words)

	Aboriginal Law and Legislation Online
		Constitution Act, 1886 (Representation of Territories in Parliament)
		The majority held that the purpose of section 87 of the Indian Act is to protect the property of Indians on reserves and prevent that property from being eroded.
		Consistent with the other provisions of the Act, and the The Royal Proclamation of 1763, an interest in reserve land which possesses the potential to continue in perpetuity can only be authorized by an absolute surrender or by expropriation under s. 35 of the Act.
	www.bloorstreet.com /300block/ablawleg.htm (5873 words)

	George F. G. Stanley, Act or Pact? Another Look at Confederation (1956) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Quebec Act, it might be noted in passing, was never repealed by the British Parliament; some of its provisions have been nullified by subsequent legislation, but it still stands, honoured by French Canadians as the Magna Charta of their national rights and privileges.
		The new constitution was thus, in effect, a vague, unintended, and undefined form of federalism, with the provinces of Upper and Lower Canada continuing in existence under the names of Canada West and Canada East, despite their union in one political entity called the Province of Canada.
		The Quebec Act of 1774, the Constitutional Act of 1791, the Act of Union of 1840, all of them had been devised, drafted, and enacted, without reference to the people of the provinces concerned.
	www.cha-shc.ca /bilingue/addresses/1956.htm (9518 words)

	Constitutional debate of Canada - Famous Women (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Since the enactment of the British North America Act in 1867, which brought United Canada, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia together under a federal legislative union, the debate has focused on these issues:
		The current constitution of Canada consists of several documents and constitutional conventions.
		The BNA Act defined the areas of jurisdiction for the provinces and the "confederal" government.
	www.famous.tc /Constitutional_debate_of_Canada.html (1664 words)

	Legislative Assembly 1791 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		1791, Law against émigrés: aristocrats who fled France must either return or be declared traitors and...
		1791 to late 1792, but were ousted by the radical Montagnards under Jean Paul Marat in 1793.
		The system of feudalism left over from the middle ages known as the Old Regime divided into three large social classes or estate...
	www.futuregate.co.uk /legislative_assembly_1791.html (240 words)

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