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	Constitutional Convention - Communique
		Australia remain a member of the Commonwealth of Nations in accordance with the rules of the Commonwealth.
		The Convention also resolved that, if a republican system of government should be introduced by referendum, at a date being not less than three years or more than five years thereafter the Commonwealth Government should convene a further Constitutional Convention.
		The Convention be preceded by an extensive and properly resourced community consultation process, to commence within twelve months of the passage of a referendum to establish a republic, in which ideas and responses on the above matters would be actively sought by the Government and Parliament.
	www.statusquo.org /aru_html/html/communique.html (1988 words)

	Constitutional history of Australia
		A constitutional convention was called, which adopted a constitution based on a combination of the British (monarchy, parliamentary system of Government) and American (federalism) and other models.
		The establishment of the Commonwealth of Australia is generally taken as the date of Australia's independence from the United Kingdom; but matters are more complicated than that.
		One link with the United Kingdom still remains however: Australia and its states, though separate constitutional monarchies (each state is formally a separate monarchy), share the same monarch with the United Kingdom.
	www.teachersparadise.com /ency/en/wikipedia/c/co/constitutional_history_of_australia.html (1034 words)

	Constitutional Convention (Australia) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The first Constitutional Convention was held in Sydney in March 1891 to consider a draft Constitution for the proposed federation of the British colonies in Australia and New Zealand.
		The third Constitutional Convention was established by the Whitlam government in 1973 to consider possible amendments to the Constitution which could be put to the people for approval at a referendum.
		The Convention, which was not elected but consisted of delegates chosen by the federal and state Parliaments, met through 1973-75 but was mired in the partisan atmosphere of the Whitlam years and achieved nothing.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Constitutional_Convention_(Australia) (475 words)

	McGarvie Model - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		At the Constitutional Convention of 1998, it was the second most popular model of the four voted upon.
		The Constitutional Council would be bound to act in accordance with the Prime Minister's advice by a convention backed by the penalty of public dismissal for breach.
		Legal commentators have remarked that the McGarvie Model is broadly consistent with the constitution's existing arrangements under the monarchy and that it requires the least change to constituional practice.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/McGarvie_Model (378 words)

	Constitutional convention (disambiguation) - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Constitutional convention ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		US convention in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1787, called to revise the Articles of Confederation but resulting in the drafting of the US Constitution.
		Article VII of the Constitution stated that it would become the law of the land with the approval of nine of the thirteen states.
		Of the original 55 delegates that opened the convention, 42 were present when the constitution was submitted for approval.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Constitutional+convention+(disambiguation) (356 words)

	[No title]
		The first Constitutional Convention was held in Sydney in March 1891 to consider a draft Constitution for the proposed federation of the British colonies in Australia and New Zealand.
		Among the delegates was Sir Henry Parkes, known as the "Father of Federation." The Convention approved a draft largely written by Sir Samuel Griffith, but the colonial parliaments failed to act to ratify it.
		In the Constitutional Convention of 1787, the issue of the militia was first raised in reaction to a proposal that the national legislature be empowered to (p.136)negate state laws.
	www.lycos.com /info/constitutional-convention.html (602 words)

	Constitutional Convention Overview
		The Constitutional Convention election was publicly announced by the Prime Minister, Mr John Howard on 12 September 1997.
		The election is for voters to choose 76 delegates to attend the Constitutional Convention.
		The Constitutional Convention is to be held on 2 to 6 February 1998 and 9 to 13 February 1998 to discuss issues relating to whether or not Australia should become a republic.
	www.aec.gov.au /_content/When/constitutional/overview.htm (2125 words)

	Australia's Constitutional position today (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Australia's progress from Constitutional Monarchy to "undefined republic", and on to a UN-controlled unconstitutional never-never land.
		Constitution not approved (receiving only 48% of the votes cast), 422,788* is equal to 12.8% of the 3.3 million population of the six Colonies-cum-States.
		Australia stands at the crossroads, there is no way back, we are left with three choices, to the right a road to more of the same dictatorship, to the left a road to an unknown republican dictatorship, or straight ahead to build on the Constitutional foundation that we all have faith in.
	www.ja.olm.net /succeed/Pages/australi.htm (2545 words)

	Australian Republican Movement - History - The Constitutional Convention Communique
		In the event that Australia becomes a republic, the model adopted be the Bipartisan Appointment of the President Model.
		Australia remain a member of the Commonwealth of Nations in accordance with the rules of the Commonwealth.
		The Convention also resolved that, if a republican system of government should be introduced by referendum, at a date being not less than three years or more than five years thereafter the Commonwealth Government should convene a further Constitutional Convention.
	www.republic.org.au /ARM-2001/history/conv/communique.html (1582 words)

	Constitutional framework (from Australia) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Australia's constitution, which can be considered crudely as an amalgam of the constitutional forms of the United Kingdom and the United States, was adopted in 1900 and entered into force in 1901.
		Constitutional law is the combined record of all the ways in which the constitution has been used to enforce laws and to deal with institutions and problems arising within a nation.
		The purpose of the convention was to amend the inefficient Articles of Confederation that had served as the preliminary constitution for the United States since 1781.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-45028?tocId=45028 (923 words)

	Queensland's Constitutional Convention - Communique
		The Queensland Constitutional Convention was held in Gladstone on 16-18 June 1999.
		The Convention was organised by the Queensland Government in association with the Constitutional Centenary Foundation to consider constitutional issues raised for the States by the November referendum on a republic.
		The Convention was held to commemorate the passing of the 1899 referendum in Queensland which gave approval to the draft Constitution and enabled federation to be achieved.
	www.constitution.qld.gov.au /communique.htm (1219 words)

	Australia (Melbourne) IQP
		Australia's constitutional history dates back to the 1850's and 60's, when talk of federation first began to spread throughout the land.
		Australia has sought to change this policy and to adopt a broader economic stance with the establishment of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) group, which is tasked with advancing economic interests in the Pacific Rim.
		To the west of Victoria is Southern Australia, and to the south is the island of Tasmania.
	web.cs.wpi.edu /~matt/australia/oz.htm (1435 words)

	CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION - Monday, 2 February 1998 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Convention will then break for morning tea at 10.40 and after our resumption at 11.30 we will have an opportunity to debate the rules of debate and the order of proceedings, to both of which there is notice of motion of several amendments which delegates wish to move.
		Australia's head of state should be an Australian citizen representing Australian values living in Australia chosen by and answerable to Australians.
		My first official act on arriving in Australia yesterday was to proclaim the identical act but from the Australian parliament, which I did,' the Queen said, `as Queen of Australia.Surely no two independent countries could bring to an end their constitutional relationship in a more civilised way.' Allow me to repeat that.
	www.australianpolitics.com /issues/republic/convention/02_02_1.shtml (9105 words)

	CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION - Thursday, 5 February 1998 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Outcome 5 of the Women's Constitutional Convention says that the `selection or appointment process for the head of state must guarantee that women's chances of occupying the position are substantially equal to those of men'.
		The Australian Constitution was not hammered out at one sitting or several sittings; it was the result of negotiation and compromise extending over a period of several years in and outside the conventions.
		In the proceedings of the Convention so far, as particularly evidenced by the votes taken in plenary session on Tuesday in relation to the powers of the proposed head of state, it is apparent that a strong republican sentiment is emerging.
	www.australianpolitics.com /issues/republic/convention/05_02_2.shtml (11766 words)

	The 1998 Convention: A Reprise Of 1898? - [1998] UNSWLJ 14
		The recital in the Preamble to the Constitution Act 1867 (UK) that the Canadian Constitution was to be "similar in Principle to that of the United Kingdom" was held to justify implication of such constitutional principles as the rule of law, representative government, parliamentary privilege, freedom of political speech and judicial independence.
		The Convention's failings are largely attributable to two factors: insufficient attention was devoted to the details of the republican model, and the ARM conceded too much to the Prime Minister and other supporters of the McGarvie model in a futile attempt to secure their support.
		First, the interval between the election of delegates and the meeting of the Convention, which included the Christmas period, was probably too short to enable delegates to familiarise themselves with the issues[55] and discuss tactics with fellow delegates before the Convention met.
	www.austlii.edu.au /au/journals/UNSWLJ/1998/14.html (4827 words)

	Australians to vote on republic in referendum
		AUSTRALIA'S Constitutional Convention has achieved the clear consensus required to put the question of becoming a republic to a referendum, John Howard, the Australian Prime Minister, said yesterday.
		He told the convention, in Canberra, that it was his wish that the issue be resolved by the time of the federation's centenary.
		Delegates confirmed that the head of a republic should be a president, the country should retain the name Commonwealth of Australia and remain in the Commonwealth of Nations, the Constitution should acknowledge Aborigines' "original occupancy and custodianship of Australia", and recognise the country's "cultural diversity".
	telegraph.co.uk /htmlContent.jhtml?html=/archive/1998/02/14/waus14.html (562 words)

	The 1998 Women's Constitutional Convention (Research Note 21 1997-98)
		Focusing on who was present at the constitutional conventions of the 1890s highlights that the 'process of designing Australia's political institutions was exclusively male'.(2) Catherine Helen Spence stood for election as a convention delegate in South Australia but was not successful.
		Nonetheless, outside the conventions the extent of women's political activity around federation was significant, given the traditional view that a woman's role did not include voicing her political opinions in public.
		The aim of the 1998 People's Convention is to 'give the Australian people their proper voice' in the discussion of Australia's constitutional future.(9) In addition to representation by appointed and elected women delegates (although not 50 per cent), Australian women have mobilised to ensure an increased voice for themselves through the WCC.
	www.aph.gov.au /library/pubs/rn/1997-98/98rn21.htm (946 words)

	LLRX.com - Update to Researching Australian Law
		The Commonwealth of Australia is a common law jurisdiction; a federation within the British Commonwealth, with Queen Elizabeth II as its head of state.
		Australia was first settled as a British penal colony in 1788, and, although there was a widespread indigenous population, was deemed "terra nullius" (empty land), a finding only overturned in 1992 by the famous land rights decision of the High Court of Australia in Mabo
		Constitution enumerates the legislative powers of the Commonwealth Government with the residue being left to the States (unless a matter is prohibited elsewhere in the Constitution), although the Federal Government has legislated for areas not specifically included in its powers by making use of 'tied grants' to state governments (i.e.
	www.llrx.com /features/australian.htm (4762 words)

	ipedia.com: Constitutional Convention (Australia) Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The first Constitutional Convention was held in Sydney in March 1891 to consider a draft Constitution for...
		The fourth Constitutional Convention (ironically known as "Con-Con") met in Canberra in February 1998.
		The Convention was convened by Prime Minister John Howard, himself a monarchist, to fulfill a promise made by his predecessor as Liberal leader, Alexander Downer.
	www.ipedia.com /constitutional_convention__australia_.html (487 words)

	Constitutional Convention: The Constitution Emerges — Infoplease.com
		Oliver Ellsworth and Roger Sherman put forward a compromise measure that gradually won approval; this provided for a lower house to be elected according to population (the House of Representatives) and an upper house to be chosen by the states (the Senate).
		The convention was in session until Sept. 17, 1787, and the document was then sent to the states for ratification.
		Constitutional history and constitutional theory: reflections on Ackerman, Reconstruction, and the transformation of the American......
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/history/A0857548.html (612 words)

	A Sensible Outcome for the Convention
		Section 2 of the Constitution also provides for The Queen, but subject to the Australian constitution, to assign such powers and functions of the Queen as Her Majesty may be pleased to assign the Governor-General.
		Alteration to the Constitution itself or the establishment of an Act of the Parliament of the Commonwealth as proposed by Tony Abbott, MP may hold the answer but do not involve the States which, given that Australia is a federation, should be included.
		As stated earlier, Section 2 of the constitution allows for the Governor-General to have and exercise in the Commonwealth during the Queen's pleasure, but subject to the constitution, such powers and functions of the Queen as Her Majesty may be pleased to assign to the Governor-General.
	www.statusquo.org /aru_html/html/Outcome.html (3010 words)

	Human Rights Watch: Asia : Australia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Australia should provide strong leadership to restore the credibility of the U.N. Commission on Human Rights, Human Rights Watch said today when the country was elected to chair the Commission's next annual session, which begins March 15.
		Australia is the only country to grant temporary status to refugees who have been through a full asylum determination system and who have been recognized as genuinely in need of protection for 1951 Refugee Convention reasons.
		Australia has done a lot for the human rights cause over the years, including helping to draft the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and bring the commission into being.
	www.hrw.org /asia/australia.php (1144 words)

	Constitutional Convention -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The Constitution was written during the summer of 1787 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, by 55 delegates to a Constitutional Convention that was called ostensibly to amend the Articles of Confederation (1781–89), the country's first written constitution.
		The Philadelphia Convention, which met in May 1787, was officially called for by the old Congress solely to remedy defects in the Articles of Confederation.
		The United States Constitution was produced at the Constitutional Convention held at Philadelphia in the summer of 1787.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9026015 (986 words)

	Republicans still face hard struggle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Days after the Constitutional Convention voted overwhelmingly to put the question to the people in 1999, the poll showed support for a republic varying widely from state to state.
		Voters were asked if they supported the status quo, or the republican model chosen by the convention in Canberra - a cautious model in which the president would be appointed by parliament, with only limited public involvement at the nominations stage.
		Moderates at the convention voted down that idea amid fears that an elected president would have too strong a mandate in disputes with the government.
	telegraph.co.uk /htmlContent.jhtml?html=/archive/1998/02/17/waus17.html (456 words)

	Queensland Constitutional Convention
		In the lead up to the 1999 referendum to decide whether Australia should become a republic, the Queensland Government and the Constitutional Centenary Foundation jointly sponsored the Queensland Constitutional Convention held in Gladstone in June 1999.
		The Convention was held to commemorate the passing of the 1899 referendum in Queensland which enabled federation to be achieved.
		The purpose of the Queensland Constitutional Convention, titled The States and a Republic, was to consider the options for the States if the Commonwealth referendum on a republic was passed and associated questions dealing with State Constitutions and the role of State Governors.
	www.constitution.qld.gov.au /gladstone.htm (206 words)

	CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION (AUSTRALIA) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		At Melbourne the Convention finally produced a draft Constitution which was eventually approved by the poeple at referendums in the colonies.
		The Convention was convened by Prime Ministr John Howard, himself a monarchist, to fulfill a promise made by his predecessor as Liberal leader, Alexander Downer.
		The Convention eventually opted for the indirect election model, over the bitter opposition of the direct electionists.
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /definition/CONSTITUTIONAL+CONVENTION+%2528AUSTRALIA%2529 (450 words)

	Canadian Monarchist News
		Australia fractured by class on the referendum in a way that, at first glance, seemed the reverse of Australia's past mythology (toffs who liked the Crown and mates who didn't) and was largely unanticipated in a society that thinks of itself as egalitarian.
		The constitutional model that was voted on for a president elected by Parliament and a president who could be dismissed by the Prime Minister was not trusted.
		Australia waited more than a decade to proclaim the provisions of the Statute of Westminster ending the authority of the British Parliament to legislate for the Dominions.
	www.monarchist.ca /cmn/referen.htm (2727 words)

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