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Topic: Constitutional Monarchy Movement

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	Capitol Grilling Archive \| Why Constitutional Monarchy Makes Sense In Iraq by Shalan Kadri
		Constitutional monarchy may have a special role to play when a police state collapses, and the new state has to be formed in a void where political legitimacy is missing.
		Constitutional monarchy entails the resumption of political and constitutional legitimacy.
		There is strong relationship between constitutional monarchy and democracy as a result of the fact that the optimal path to democracy is a peaceful one.
	www.capitolgrilling.com /content/articles/2003_iraqmonarchy.html (937 words)

	Constitutional monarchy Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Modern constitutional monarchies usually implement the concept of trias politica or "separation of powers", where the monarch either is the head of the executive branch or simply has a ceremonial role.
		In representative democracies that are constitutional monarchies, like the United Kingdom, the monarch may be regarded as the head of state but the prime minister, whose power derives directly or indirectly from elections, is head of government.
		Hawaii was a constitutional monarchy from the unification of the of the smaller independent chiefdoms of Oʻahu, Maui, Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi and the Hawaiʻi (or the "Big Island") in 1810 until the overthrow of Queen Liliʻuokalani in 1893.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /topic/Constitutional_monarchy.html (2548 words)

	Iraqi Constitutional Monarchy
		The Iraqi Constitutional Monarchy believes in fair competition among political groups and that free elections should be conducted in an atmosphere of stability.
		An Iraq that is a constitutional monarchy with a presidential-parliamentary type of political regime and a legislature that is selected on the basis outlined offers the best hope for a stable democratic Iraq.
		The restoration of the monarchy is neither a moral choice nor a philosophical question but a political necessity, based on pragmatic realities of the situation in Iraq.
	www.iraqcmm.org (750 words)

	Liberty Library of Constitutional Classics
		Constitution of the Iroquois Confederacy — A model for a federal system of government for several Native American nations, it influenced Franklin's proposed Albany Plan of Union.
		A Defense of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America, John Adams (1787-89) — Comprehensive historical review of how various national constitutions worked, with quotes from political philosophers and historians, that influenced the Founders in their drafting of state and federal constitutions.
		The American Republic: its Constitution, Tendencies, and Destiny, O. Brownson (1866) — Argument against secession, distinguishes the constitution of government from the underlying constitution of the society, and territorial from socialistic or egoistic democracy.
	www.constitution.org /liberlib.htm (3707 words)

	Monarchism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Monarchy became to be contested by the Republican principe.
		However, since the monarchy and Catholicism were long entangled ("the alliance of the Throne and the Altar"), republican ideas were often tinged with anti-clericalism, which led to some turmoil during Radical Emile Combes' cabinet in the beginning of the 20th century.
		The minority are restorationists, who advocate returning authority to Elizabeth II as the current legitimate heir of George III, presumably as a constitutional monarchy similar to her powers in those Commonwealth of Nations members that recognize her as Queen.
	www.higiena-system.com /wiki/link-Monarchism (1018 words)

	Monarchy Lecture
		This is the type of monarchy against which revolutions were fought, and it is also the type of monarchy that was responsible for the strengthening of the arguments in favor of democracy and the republican form of government.
		Monarchy in this case reinforces democracy and strengthens it, adding a centripetal and necessary aspect to the system's efforts at stability, especially necessary in view of the fact that modern democracy, by definition, is centrifugal and atomistic in its celebration of individualism.
		It is thus the form of monarchy, capetian and hereditary, that the constitution of the Fifth Republic achieves by elevating the president to a level that allows him to transcend even the contingencies of a presidential majority.
	home1.gte.net /eskandar/lecture.html (7443 words)

	Constitutional monarchy in TutorGig Encyclopedia
		There have been monarchies which have coexisted with constitutions which were fascist (or quasi-fascist), as was the case in Italy, Japan and Spain, or with military dictatorships, as was the case in Thailand.
		With the exception of post-war Italy, no modern, democratic constitutional monarchy has voted to abolish itself, but Greece voted against reestablishing of constitutional monarchy after the military government had been ousted.
		Prior to the Iranian Revolution in 1979, Iran was a constitutional monarchy (briefly)under Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, which had been originally established during the Persian Constitutional Revolution in 1906.
	www.tutorgig.com /ed/parliamentary_monarchy (2327 words)

	Monarchism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Monarchy became to be contested by the Republican principe.
		However, since the monarchy and Catholicism were long entangled ("the alliance of the Throne and the Altar"), republican ideas were often tinged with anti-clericalism, which led to some turmoil during Radical Emile Combes' cabinet in the beginning of the 20th century.
		The minority are restorationists, who advocate returning authority to Elizabeth II as the current legitimate heir of George III, presumably as a constitutional monarchy similar to her powers in those Commonwealth of Nations members that recognize her as Queen.
	www.dejavu.org /cgi-bin/get.cgi?ver=93&url=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.gourt.com%2Fen%2FMonarchism (1056 words)

	RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY
		He heads the Constitutional Monarchy Movement -- a member of the Iraqi National Congress -- and participated in the activities of the Iraqi opposition from London before the U.S.-led invasion of the country last March.
		He worked as an investment banker in London while participating in the Constitutional Monarchy Movement and was a strong supporter of the U.S.-led invasion.
		Supporters of a constitutional monarchy in Iraq say the king would act as an arbiter and that his role would be to protect the constitution, to prevent persecution, to protect individual rights, and to ensure the country's unity.
	www.rferl.org /features/2003/12/01122003170647.asp (1040 words)

	Iraqi Constitutional Monarchy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Iraqi Constitutional Monarchy (ICM) is a monarchist political party in Iraq led by Sharif Ali Bin al-Hussein.
		He has succeeded in establishing himself as claimant in the international press and currently in the politics of Iraq Prince Sharif Ali bin al-Hussein is the only Iraqi royal campaigning in Iraq for the return of a monarchy based on a constitutional monarchy.
		According to this constitution, the heir to the monarchy would be Prince Ra'ad (born 1936), Lord Chamberlain of Jordan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Constitutional_Monarchy_Movement (192 words)

	Foreign Affairs - How to Build a Democratic Iraq - Adeed I. Dawisha and Karen Dawisha
		The monarchy also has the advantage of being well connected with tradition, which would make it a stabilizing force during a time of uncertainty and a barrier against extremism.
		A constitutional monarchy could become the symbol of Iraq's unity and civility and act as the custodian of its positive traditional values.
		Whatever the theoretical benefits of reinstating a limited constitutional monarchy in Iraq, however, it should be done only with popular support, as demonstrated through a referendum.
	www.foreignaffairs.org /20030501faessay11218-p20/adeed-i-dawisha-karen-dawisha/how-to-build-a-democratic-iraq.html (1148 words)

	Session 98: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The ability to rethink both the institution and the meaning of the monarchy was a mark of the radicalism of the reform movement of the 1890s.
		In this sense, 1898 was a key moment in the rapid transition from a basic acceptance of the institution of the monarchy, based ultimately on the Confucian concept of charismatic kingship, to a basic rejection.
		The 1898 reform movement laid the institutional and conceptual groundwork for the fuller integration of women into late Qing social life by including them in the nation-building project and the modern imaginary.
	www.aasianst.org /absts/1998abst/china/c98.htm (1139 words)

	10. The Monarchy Movement Is Opposed Page 4
		As it is not likely to be a constitutional monarchy, we may safely assume that it will be an imperial autocracy.
		But if the plan proposed by present-day critics be put into effect, that on the promise of a constitution we should agree to the adoption of a monarchy, then the promise must be definitely made to the country at the time of transition that a constitutional government will become an actuality.
		To assume outwardly the role of constitutional government, but in reality to rule in an unconstitutional manner, was the cause of the downfall of the Ching Dynasty.
	www.web-books.com /Classics/Nonfiction/History/RepublicChina/RepublicChinaC11P4.htm (1017 words)

	Iraqi Political Groups - Global Policy Forum - UN Security Council
		The Constitutional Monarchy Movement (CMM) website (http://www.iraqcmm.org) states: "The CMM calls for constitutional legitimacy and a return to the situation as it was before being interrupted by the coup of 14 July 1958.
		That legitimacy was established by the only permanent constitution approved by the people in a general referendum in Iraq's history." The CMM supports the idea of "equal opportunities" for all Iraqis, regardless of their religion or ethnicity.
		He said the constitution should be drafted by a board of clerics, intellectuals, and the judiciary, and that a free and fair referendum should be held to ratify the constitution.
	www.globalpolicy.org /security/issues/iraq/election/2004/0706politicalgroups.htm (7860 words)

	Iraqi political groupings and individuals
		It was tolerated to some extent when the monarchy was reestablished now that the Soviet Union had joined with the Allies in WWII, and with the ICP acting as popular challengers to the pan-Arabists, who were seen as susceptible to fascism; ICP gave formal support for the monarchy from Feb42 until 1945.
		Constitutional Monarchy Movement: led by Sharif Ali bin al-Husayn (b.1956), the cousin of the deposed and killed King Faisal II; was a banker based in Holland Park, London, who fled Iraq in 1958 via the Saudi embassy.
		The Sadr Movement has renamed Saddam City as Sadr City, and it now largely controls that suburb (reportedly driving out the Badr Corps on 17Apr03), basing itself in al-Muhsin mosque; it is also strong in Najaf, Kufa and the Shi'a quarter of Samarra'.
	www.middleeastreference.org.uk /iraqiopposition.html (11453 words)

	One Mistake-From Constitutional Movement to Today
		This is a very important point, in 1979, to differentiate between those who wanted a constitutional and lawful regime of the Shah, such as Jebhe Melli, and those who wanted the democratic version of a religious state, such as Nehzate Azadi.
		In fact, the likes of Ayatollah Taleghani helped the theocracy to become the alternative of monarchy in Iran, and the fact that their modified model of religious state was defeated, is not surprising.
		The dictatorial regimes, from monarchy, to religious, to communist, if modified, it has been because of the resistance of the people against those regimes, and not due to the goodness of the social philanthropists even if those well-wishers had been part of the founders of such regimes.
	www.ghandchi.com /360-OneMistakeEng.htm (449 words)

	10. The Monarchy Movement Is Opposed Page 3
		If indeed the republican cause is enough to cause the destruction of the nation then you, the advocates of monarchy, have placed the country in a position from which she has no hope of ever coming out independent.
		Now whether we are constitutional or not is a question concerning the administration, while the question whether we are republican or not is a question concerning the form or status of the country.
		They will also agree that the most important point of a so-called constitutional monarchy is that the monarch should act as a figurehead, and that the establishment of a responsible cabinet is an indispensable accompaniment.
	www.web-books.com /Classics/Nonfiction/History/RepublicChina/RepublicChinaC11P3.htm (910 words)

	Morocco Government Information
		Morocco is divided into 16 administrative regions (further broken into provinces and prefectures); the regions are administered by Walis (governors) appointed by the King.
		Since the constitutional reform of 1996, the bicameral legislature consists of a lower chamber - the Chamber of Representatives - which is directly elected; and an upper chamber - the Chamber of Counselors - whose members are indirectly elected through various regional, local, and professional councils.
		The Parliament's powers, though limited, were expanded under the 1992 and 1996 constitutional revisions and include budgetary matters, approving bills, questioning ministers, and establishing ad hoc commissions of inquiry to investigate the government's actions.
	www.traveldocs.com /ma/govern.htm (442 words)

	Iraqi Constitutional Monarchy - Definition, explanation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Iraqi Constitutional Monarchy (ICM) is a monarchist political party in Iraq led by Sharif Ali Bin al-Hussein.
		Some critics assert he is not even in line to the throne according to the constitution of the old Iraqi monarchy.
		According to this constitution, the heir to the monarchy would be Prince Ra'ad (born 1936), Lord Chamberlain of Jordan.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/i/ir/iraqi_constitutional_monarchy.php (113 words)

	SurfWax: News, Reviews and Articles On Constitutional Monarchy Movement
		The candidate was running on the 275-member slate of the Constitutional Monarchy Movement, which is headed by Sharif Ali bin Hussein, a cousin of Iraq's last king.
		He was a Shiite running for the National Assembly on the Constitutional Monarchy Movement ticket, headed by a cousin of Iraq's last king.
		The Constitutional Monarchy Movement, a moderate Sunni-dominated group seeking the restoration of a constitutional monarchy, also announced a list of 275 election candidates.
	news.surfwax.com /politics/files/Constitutional_Monarchy_Movement.html (793 words)

	Australian Republican Movement - FAQ - Head of State
		The Constitution of Australia defines the Parliament as "the Queen, a Senate, and a House of Representatives" and vests the Federal legislative (law-making) power in the Parliament (section 1, Constitution).
		Australia is a constitutional Monarchy and in accordance with these principles the monarch is our head of state.
		A recent example of the symbolism and custom in regard to this was the visit by President Clinton to Australia in November 1996 during which reciprocal toasts were given to each nation by giving a loyal toast to the head of state of each nation as the embodiment of the nations.
	www.republic.org.au /ARM-2001/q&a/qa_hos.htm (807 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Ali, who leads the Constitutional Monarchy Movement, survived a revolution in 1958 that toppled his cousin, the last King, Faisal II.
		"The Iraqi monarchy would be a symbol around which all parts of Iraq would be able to rally because we're not based on any single constituency, nor are we a political party," Ali said in an interview.
		It would restore an Islamic monarchy pledged to protect the human rights of followers of all religions and create a free-market economic system, a multiparty democracy and an independent judiciary.
	home1.gte.net /eskandar/iraqmonarchy.html (707 words)

	Street Corner Society - World Upside Down
		Later, the anti-nuclear movement (and more recently, the anti-globalization movement) adopted and developed methods of organization -- 'affinity groups' -- that were pioneered and promoted by Quaker activists.
		Just as the Quaker movement, in its early years, gathered up the embers of the English revolution and kept them burning, there are many other movements today that are creating and sustaining new spaces for the freedom struggle.
		The back-to-the-land movement in the 1970s resembles in some ways the spread of radicals to the margins of Britain's expanding empire (and I'm quite aware of the negative aspects of each side of this comparison).
	www.strecorsoc.org /world.html (2301 words)

	Nepal (10/06)
		The new constitution established a "partyless" system of panchayats (councils), which King Mahendra considered to be a democratic form of government closer to Nepalese traditions.
		In April 2006, a second major people’s movement for the restoration of democracy pressured the King to relinquish power, and on April 24, 2006, King Gyanendra reinstated the 1999 parliament that was dismissed in May 2002.
		According to the constitution, Nepal is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary form of government that is multiethnic, multilingual, Hindu, and retains the king in the role of head of state.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/5283.htm (5641 words)

	Iraq: Who voted and who didn't and why
		While they are about 19% of the population, they constituted 33% of the total vote as they were the best organized and the ones most able to turn out the vote.
		The Iraqi Constitution Monarchy Movement is "not a political party," according to al-Sharif Ali Bin al-Hussein, "rather, it is a comprehensive, mass orientation".
		The Constitutional Monarchy Movement has called for a restoration of the Iraqi monarchy which was overthrown in 1958.
	www.informationclearinghouse.info /article7920.htm (2112 words)

	The man who would be king of Iraq \| csmonitor.com
		Iraq should be ruled by a constitutional monarchy, says Sherif Ali bin Hussein - and he, as the chosen prince of the Hashemite royal family, should be the one to steer the country toward stability.
		Reinstalling an Iraqi monarchy deposed in a violent 1958 coup - the body of his cousin, King Faisal II, was dragged through the streets - is not an idea that Iraq's remodelers in Washington and London appear keen to support.
		The Hashemites are a Sunni monarchy created by Britain at the end of World War I from among the nobility of Mecca, and Iraq was carved out of the Ottoman Empire on the premise of the Sunni elites ruling the majority Shiites.
	www.csmonitor.com /2003/0627/p07s01-woiq.html?worldNav (1256 words)

	Republican China
		The intellectual milieu in which the May Fourth Movement developed was known as the New Culture Movement and occupied the period from 1917 to 1923.
		The student demonstrations of May 4, 1919 were the high point of the New Culture Movement, and the terms are often used synonymously.
		The Nationalist government announced that in conformity with Sun Yat-sen's formula for the three stages of revolution--military unification, political tutelage, and constitutional democracy--China had reached the end of the first phase and would embark on the second, which would be under Guomindang direction.
	www-chaos.umd.edu /history/republican.html (1489 words)

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