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Topic: Constitutional Movement

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In the News (Fri 17 Feb 12)

EXECUTIVE POWER

Iran

ANALYSIS

Pakistan

Family compact

	Iraqi Constitutional Monarchy
		The Iraqi Constitutional Monarchy believes in fair competition among political groups and that free elections should be conducted in an atmosphere of stability.
		The Head of State should remain above factional disputes and be a guarantor of the constitution, implementing its precepts and defending the rights of the people in a democratically elected assembly.
		An Iraq that is a constitutional monarchy with a presidential-parliamentary type of political regime and a legislature that is selected on the basis outlined offers the best hope for a stable democratic Iraq.
	www.iraqcmm.org (750 words)

	East European Constitutional Review
		This free-floating reform movement was born under the pressure of the same circumstances that imposed massive changes on state authority.
		As a result, the “triangle” composed of state, society, and the revolutionary movement was replaced by a new, synthetic force that absorbed the old society and portrayed itself (to itself) as a total, all-encompassing structure of authority.
		Today, a movement for change has once again merged with state authority, and the financial-political structures (“the consortium”) that appeared within the reform movement is now germinating within the state.
	www.law.nyu.edu /eecr/vol7num3/special/russian.html (4779 words)

	Civil Rights Movement
		At the war's end, decolonization movements in Africa and Asia and the beginnings of the cold war between the United States and the Soviet Union heightened the rhetoric of freedom, democracy, and self-determination.
		During 1964 and 1965, the accelerated momentum of the Civil Rights Movement was fueled by the escalation of organized protest activity in the South, particularly in Mississippi and Alabama, and by the commitment of President Lyndon Johnson to enact strong civil rights legislation.
		However, the Southern movement ensured that the issue moved to the top of the president's agenda; the final battleground was Selma, Alabama.
	archive.blackvoices.com /research/encarta/civil.asp (8742 words)

	Welcome to Netiran! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		During the Constitutional movement however when one pauses to examine all the different issues relating to that period thoroughly, one can clearly observe women's valuable influence on the movement through their political, social and cultural activities.
		The role of the Iranian women in the past one hundred years and especially during the constitutional movement is a highly sensitive issue which has found a distinct place in the contemporary research of the history.
		The intellectual and cultural development of the Iranian women during the Constitutional movement was to some extent because of Iran's assumption of a position in the international relations arena from the early years of Qajar dynasty.
	www.netiran.com /?fn=artd(885) (1893 words)

	East European Constitutional Review
		Under the communist regime, freedom of movement was monitored and curbed by means of the propiska—a required residence permit that restricted an individual’s right to choose his place of residence and to travel within the country.
		On March 12, 1996, the Constitutional Court finally began to examine directly the constitutionality of propiska regulations, in particular those applied in the city and oblast of Moscow, in Stavropol Krai, and in the city and oblast of Voronezh.
		Constitutional rights and freedoms are guaranteed to citizens regardless of their place of residence and regardless of whether they have a place of permanent or temporary residence.
	www.law.nyu.edu /eecr/vol7num2/special/propiska.html (4230 words)

	Persian Constitutional Revolution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Persian Constitutional Revolution was a revolution in Iran against the despotic rule of the last Qajar Shah.
		This revolution happened during 1905 â“ 1911 and lead to the establishment of parliament in Iran.
		The movement however did not stop there and was followed by the Constitutionalist movement of Gilan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Persian_Constitutional_Revolution (84 words)

	[ The New Iraq ]
		The Constitutional Monarchy Movement (CMM) website (http://www.iraqcmm.org) states: "The CMM calls for constitutional legitimacy and a return to the situation as it was before being interrupted by the coup of 14 July 1958.
		That legitimacy was established by the only permanent constitution approved by the people in a general referendum in Iraq's history." The CMM supports the idea of "equal opportunities" for all Iraqis, regardless of their religion or ethnicity.
		He said the constitution should be drafted by a board of clerics, intellectuals, and the judiciary, and that a free and fair referendum should be held to ratify the constitution.
	www.rferl.org /specials/IraqCrisis/specials-politicalgroups2.asp (6185 words)

	[No title]
		In the literature of the era of the constitutional movement, "mashrouteh" and "Constitution" were both used in parallel.
		The 2nd “Mashrooteh” from 1288/1909 to 1299/1921 and the coup d'etats of the 3rd of Esfand.
		Reducing the modernization and reform movement in Iran to only one of its elements, does not conform to the real dimensions of the movement and the true role played by the parliament during much of its few years of ascendancy.
	www.irancpi.org /articles/intro.htm (2552 words)

	[No title]
		Stewart said many within the constitutional reform movement believed tax reform would be a prelude to constitutional changes, because if it were to pass, it would make the prospects of the much more massive constitutional reform less frightening to Alabamians.
		Stewart said any attempts at constitutional reform would also feel the wrath of Alabama's fl legislators, who he said are angry Riley did not approve felon voting rights legislation in exchange for their endorsement of the tax package.
		Stewart said that though the tax plan campaign and the constitutional reform movement have overlapping support circles, some interest groups supporting the tax plan would be against constitutional reform because they oppose further un-earmarking of state funds and the streamlining of state government.
	bama.ua.edu /~ascr/cw.9.5.2003.html (844 words)

	Balkinization
		For this reason, the constitutional claims of social movements tend to succeed or fail to the extent that they are taken up by national political parties.
		To put it bluntly, when constitutional claims of social movements are presented before courts, it matters a great deal whether the movement’s representatives have friends in high places, and in particular, on the federal bench.
		But as the social movement gains steam, and convinces a larger and larger share of the public that it is making sense, opponents tend to become increasingly anxious, and you see energetic reaction and attempts at backlash.
	balkin.blogspot.com /2003_02_02_balkin_archive.html (4238 words)

	Australian Republican Movement - History - The Constitutional Convention Communique
		While it is desirable that the advent of the republican government occur simultaneously in the Commonwealth and all States, not all States may wish, or be able, to move to a republic within the timeframe established by the Commonwealth.
		The Convention also resolved that the Constitution include a Preamble, noting that the existing Preamble before the Covering Clauses of the Imperial Act which enacted the Australian Constitution (and which is not itself part of our Constitution) would remain intact.
		Chapter 3 of the Constitution should state that the Preamble not be used to interpret the other provisions of the Constitution.
	www.republic.org.au /ARM-2001/history/conv/communique.html (1582 words)

	WHY I DO NOT FULLY SUPPORT SOME CONSTITUTIONAL MOVEMENTS by Rob Marlett (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Constitution and the principals it embodies are under constant attack from within at all levels of government and from all angles.
		There are many just causes, but before we jump to endorse them, we must consider exactly what the movement intends to accomplish, what the movement is actually doing, and whether or not the movement can possibly accomplish its goals in the way that it is attempting to.
		(The entire movement is based on the theory that the 16th amendment was never ratified - I've not researched it enough to be convinced that it was or wasn't, but for the purpose of this argument, we'll say it wasn't ratified and the taxes are unconstitutional).
	www.wilderness-cry.com /rmarlett/cite/why-i-do-not.html (1983 words)

	Modern History: The May Fourth Movement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Only because a constitutional republic cannot be conferred by the government, cannot be maintained by one party or one group, and certainly cannot be carried on the backs of a few dignitaries and influential elders.
		A constitutional republic which does not derive from the conscious realization and voluntary action of the majority of the people is a bogus republic and bogus constitutionalism.
		In 1934, Chiang Kai-shek, the leader of China, heralded the New Life Movement which was to rally the Chinese people against the Communists and build up morale in a nation that was besieged with corruption, factionalism, and opium addiction.
	www.columbia.edu /itc/eacp/japanworks/china/modern/read2_print.htm (1880 words)

	The Roundhead Watch - The Radical Religious Right and the Christian Reform Movement; "The 'Owner's Manual' for the ...
		At the time the US Constitution was being drafted there was a great deal of debate going on throughout the young Nation, and on the Constitutional Convention floor, about how much of a role religion should have in the government, and in the running of the Nation.
		And, that the Constitution and the US government are to be treated as being under the power and authority of "His Lordship's" earthly stewards as put forth in the Bible, and by mandate of the Church.
		The US Constitution was purposely designed to exclude from membership in the US Congress, and elsewhere in offices of public trust, those individuals whose beliefs and opinions hold that God and the Bible are of a higher power and authority than that of the United States Constitution.
	www.geocities.com /ensey_in_2000/round002.html (3780 words)

	Burma Lawyers' Council (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Regarding constitutional matters, we have in recent times observed the increasing awareness by all sectors of Burmese society and the ethnic minorities in particular, resulting in their consciousness of the absolute need for a proper constitution that guarantees their survival and growth.
		A detailed project proposal was needed, to explain the four main constitutional topics selected for further research and for explanation of the steps intended to be followed by the committee in preparing the second draft.
		Regarding constitutional matters, there continues to be an increasing awareness by all sectors of Burmese society and the ethnic nationalities of the absolute need for a proper constitution, that guarantees their survival and growth and their relationships with each other in a federal union.
	www.blc-burma.org /activity_constitutional.html (930 words)

	Women's History — Chronology of Woman
		With a masthead declaring it to be "A Paper Devoted to the Elevation of Woman," it is acknowledged as the first feminist newspaper of the woman's rights movement.
		1894: 600,000 signatures are presented to the New York State Constitutional Convention in an effort to bring a woman suffrage amendment to the voters.
		January 2, 1913: The National Woman's Party is founded by Alice Paul and Lucy Burns as an auxiliary of the National American Woman Suffrage Association for the exclusive purpose of securing passage of a federal amendment.
	teacher.scholastic.com /researchtools/articlearchives/womhst/chrono.htm (2568 words)

	Reformation for the sake of Reformation
		The ideology of none of the previous movements such as the constitutional movement, the oil nationalization movement and other various movements before the revolution was not directly based on reformation and freedom.
		During the constitutional revolution the masses did not revolt directly and explicitly for the sake of freedom, nor did they have the theoretical bases of the establishment of a free society in mind.
		If during the constitutional revolution, people were told that with the abolition of despotism, freedom would automatically be established, during the oil nationalization movement they were told that if the oil industry would be nationalized, freedom would automatically pervade.
	www.payvand.com /news/01/jan/1045.html (741 words)

	[No title]
		Although state constitutional amendment procedures were simply the vehicle activists chose to build their movement, the public debate and contestation that the initiative process provoked forced the residents of Oregon to pass judgment on the relative standing of gays and lesbians within their state.
		The OCA's campaign to enact a constitutional expression of homosexuality's "immorality" was, in part, an effort to enact a broad constitutional vision of a moralized republic, in which majority interests and identities would be ratified in the face of deeply threatening challenges by a largely unpopular minority.
		Ackerman's projected trilogy of constitutional theory and history argues that transformative moments in history reshape both political and judicial understandings of the fundamental political commitments that are reflected within the constitution.
	www.georgetown.edu /faculty/reedd/ICANPLAY.htm (12870 words)

	Alabama Citizens for Constitutional Reform
		Alabama voters would decide by mid-September whether to call a convention to draft a new state constitution, under a proposal scheduled for debate next week at the State House.
		The Senate's 12-member constitution and elections committee will hold a public hearing at 10 a.m.
		Two new constitutional reform training sessions have been scheduled for the Auburn and Opelika area.
	www.constitutionalreform.org (334 words)

	Constitutional Capitalists of America Information Page 20 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		What matters is “the movement”;, which he states is given various names—the anti-globalisation movement, the alternative globalisation movement, the alternative world movement, and so on.
		Fundamentally for his own political purposes, it means that he can equate all the protests and social movements that have developed since 1999 with the very political tendencies whose function is to prevent them developing in a consciously anti-capitalist and socialist direction.
		Callinicos knows full well that far from spurning such overtures, most of the leaders of “the movement”; he seeks to glorify have been bought and paid for—and that “moral” and “intellectual” bankruptcy does not count for much when he who pays the piper can still call the tune.
	www.constitutional-capitalists.org /InfoPages/Info-page-20.htm (2031 words)

	One Mistake-From Constitutional Movement to Today
		No, and these action are all part of the shy defense of the Islamic Regime, which has been a reality within a part of Iran's political movement, all these years, and I have explained about the IRI lobbyist groups in details in the past, and there is no need to repeat here.
		Even though my discussion is about the period spanning from Iran's constitutional movement (mashrootia't) till now, but to clarify my point, let me start with the 1979 Revolution.
		This is a very important point, in 1979, to differentiate between those who wanted a constitutional and lawful regime of the Shah, such as Jebhe Melli, and those who wanted the democratic version of a religious state, such as Nehzate Azadi.
	www.ghandchi.com /360-OneMistakeEng.htm (449 words)

	European Movement - Mouvement Europeen
		The European Movement asks the Member States to continue the ratification of the Constitutional Treaty and to implement a “D” Plan for citizens’ better participation.
		The European Movement International (EMI) is currently running a transnational 'Yes' campaign for the ratification of the European Consitution.
		The European Movement is an association contributing to the establishment of a unified, federal Europe, founded on respect for human rights and democratic principles, by informing and mobilizing citizens and influencing decision-makers at all European Society levels.
	www.europeanmovement.org (541 words)

	We the People's Constitutional Activism Website!
		The Constitution was born from the Declaration of Independence, after Americans had enough of the usurpation and abuse of power, from the government of the day, and as Jefferson quoted, "From time to time, the tree of liberty must be watered with the blood of tyrants and patriots".
		This Constitution was the culmination of efforts, by those Patriots, to forever bind their New American government within the boundaries of rule of law, the authority of the people to men and women who were supposed to have conscience, while given the authority to govern in this country.
		It is an accepted practice rooted in free speech, symbolic speech, petition for redress of grievance, intended to influence the judge to rule in the favor of the individual, who is forced to rely on the court, to have their rights upheld in court.
	www.stanley2002.org (10059 words)

	IRR: Constitutional change to stop illegal movement into Germany
		Constitutional change to stop illegal movement into Germany
		Poland has altered its constitution to enable the authorities to take into custody anyone who won't comply with expulsion from Germany.
		The changes, brought into effect after pressure from Germany, comes after several cases whereby those arrested for attempting to illegally cross the border were released from custody after 48 hours only to attempt to cross the border again.
	www.irr.org.uk /europebulletin/poland/asylum_seekers_refugees/1995/ak000001.html (108 words)

	European Movement Ireland
		The European Movement is an independent voluntary membership organisation, which exists to promote the economic, political and social development of Europe and Ireland's place in Europe.
		The first Constitutional Treaty for the European Union was agreed in June 2004, during the Irish EU presidency.
		It must now be ratified by each member state of the European Union, including in Ireland by a referendum, to be held sometime in the next 18 months.
	www.europeanmovement.ie (134 words)

	SurfWax: News, Reviews and Articles On Constitutional Monarchy Movement
		The Constitutional Monarchy Movement, a moderate Sunni-dominated group seeking the restoration of a constitutional monarchy, also announced a list of 275 election candidates.
		He was a Shiite running for the National Assembly on the Constitutional Monarchy Movement ticket, headed by a cousin of Iraq's last king.
		The candidate was running on the 275-member slate of the Constitutional Monarchy Movement, which is headed by Sharif Ali bin Hussein, a cousin of Iraq's last king.
	news.surfwax.com /politics/files/Constitutional_Monarchy_Movement.html (741 words)

	Judge Venne Constitutional Courts Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Following are links to some web sites which may provide background information on the militia movement generally, and in some cases information about common law courts specifically.
		The purpose of these materials is to provide a quick reference for any judge or court official who is faced with people who approach the courts in a manner which challenges the fundamental jurisdiction of the court.
		SPLC is involved in a wide variety of activities, including a historic and successful lawsuit in Oregon against the White Aryan Nation, which resulted in a huge, although largely symbolic, money judgment.
	members.aol.com /dvenne/law/concts.htm (821 words)

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