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Topic: Constitutional crisis

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	Constitutional crisis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A constitutional crisis is distinct from a rebellion, which is defined as when factions outside of a government challenge that government's sovereignty, as in a coup or revolution led by the military or civilian protesters.
		The Australian constitutional crisis of 1975 that saw Prime Minister Gough Whitlam dismissed by the nation's normally apolitical Governor General, in response to a prolonged budget deadlock in parliament.
		The 1988 Malaysian constitutional crisis was a series of events that began with the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) general election in 1987 and ended with the suspension and the eventual removal of Lord President of the Supreme Court of Malaysia Tun Salleh Abas from his seat.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Constitutional_crisis (1268 words)

	Australian constitutional crisis of 1975 (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.netlab.uky.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Australian constitutional crisis of 1975 is generally regarded as the most significant domestic political and constitutional crisis in Australia's history.
		The crisis was resolved in a dramatic fashion on 11 November 1975 when the Governor-General, Sir John Kerr, dismissed Whitlam as Prime Minister and appointed his Liberal opponent Malcolm Fraser as caretaker Prime Minister.
		It is notable that although the crisis was described as Australia's most dramatic political event since Federation in 1901, it caused no disruption in the services of government; it saw the parties remaining committed to the political and constitutional process by contesting the subsequent election and accepting the result.
	australian-constitutional-crisis-of-1975.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (2054 words)

	Australian constitutional crisis of 1975 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Australian constitutional crisis of 1975 refers to the events that culminated with the removal by Governor-General Sir John Kerr of Australia's then-Prime Minister, Gough Whitlam and appointing Leader of the Opposition Malcolm Fraser as caretaker Prime Minister.
		Constitutional precedent had long established that the Governor-General was expected only to act on advice received from the Prime Minister, and Whitlam confidently assumed this would be the case during the crisis.
		Although the crisis was described as Australia's most dramatic political event since Federation in 1901, it caused no disruption in the services of government; it saw the parties remaining committed to the political and constitutional process by contesting the subsequent election and accepting the result.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Australian_constitutional_crisis_of_1975 (3242 words)

	americas.org - Bolivians near solution to constitutional crisis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Bolivia's political leaders are on the verge of an agreement to overcome a constitutional crisis that has threatened to delay general elections and force the resignation of the country's third president in two years.
		The crisis was provoked by Bolivia's constitutional court, which ruled last month that the distribution of congressional seats must be altered to reflect demographic changes recorded in the 2001 census.
		The constitutional court originally said that if the elections were to go ahead as planned, Congress would have to agree to the redistribution by Saturday, but the deadline was extended to the end of this week.
	americas.org /item_22379 (560 words)

	Constitutional crisis looms as democrats Stonewall Bush judges: increasingly, senators are looking for nominees to the ...
		Constitutional crisis looms as democrats Stonewall Bush judges: increasingly, senators are looking for nominees to the federal judiciary who will be quasi-legislators and use their rulings to set aside law and precedent for a political result - U.S. Constitution Insight on the News - Find Articles
		Constitutional crisis looms as democrats Stonewall Bush judges: increasingly, senators are looking for nominees to the federal judiciary who will be quasi-legislators and use their rulings to set aside law and precedent for a political result - U.S. Constitution
		Raskin believes that the Constitution permits U.S. senators to weigh political concerns about judges, and says that the Senate is a coequal with the president in the nomination and confirmation process and should be free to use whatever criteria they see fit.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1571/is_36_18/ai_92589541 (898 words)

	washingtonpost.com: A Brewing Constitutional Crisis
		The nation was preparing to debate and adopt a new constitution after 25 years of war and lawlessness, and the elders, gathered in a schoolyard to elect candidates for the upcoming constitutional assembly, already knew what they wanted from the charter.
		And yet the dominant sentiment in the tent was one of belligerent opposition to the proposed system of a strong executive and weaker parliament, which delegates said failed to ensure the rights of ethnic minorities and northern Afghan "freedom fighters" like themselves.
		She waited all day in the chilly classroom with her husband -- all women attending election events and the loya jirga itself must be escorted by a male relative, according to Afghan custom -- while the 600-plus male delegates mingled, chatted and ate lunch outside.
	www.washingtonpost.com /ac2/wp-dyn/A33289-2003Dec3?language=printer (1189 words)

	Neo
		In a democracy a constitutional crisis occurs when the normal mechanisms for resolving social and political conflict are unable to do so.
		That there was no crisis may perhaps be understood by the fact that in 1944 most Americans were sufficiently focused on winning the war at all costs that they could accept the internment of fellow citizens.
		An important characteristic of the developing crisis is that the issue at hand is the very functioning of our democracy, namely whether the electoral system can give expression to the will of the people or whether the two major parties will completely succeed in their goal of turning it into an instrument for their self-perpetuation.
	www.neoindependent.com /hkfallneoind.htm (3448 words)

	Brendan Nyhan: Ralph Neas defines "constitutional crisis" down (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		I think even considering Watergate a "Constitutional Crisis" is a bit of hyperbole, since Watergate was just one President, and one administration engaging in one sorry little coverup--it didn't really undermine the integrity of our governing system, only trust in the same.
		For me the last real "Constitutional Crisis" we had was back in 1937 or so, when Roosevelt threatened to pack the court if it didn't start rubber-stamping his legislation, thereby substantially altering the balance of power between the Judiciary and the other two branches of government.
		The last constitutional crisis we had is still ongoing, and involves the attack on the bill of rights.
	www.brendan-nyhan.com /blog/2005/07/ralph_neas_defi.html (730 words)

	trinicenter.com \| A constitutional crisis - so what?
		We may have a constitutional crisis in Robinson's refusal to act in accordance with Panday's advice, but we have been living with a much greater constitutional crisis for nearly 40 years now - the crisis of a Constitution that places all executive power in the person of a Prime Minister.
		Here is a Constitution that allows a prime minister to advise the appointment of electoral losers (yes, I agree with Panday that it does) and so make a mockery of the will of the constituencies who did not elect them by majority vote, and we want to protect and preserve it?!
		What has happened now is that Panday's intention to exploit a stupidity in the Constitution has pushed Robinson to violate a clause in that Constitution (my opinion) in deference to a higher moral (and perhaps political) principle: persons the people reject should not be made to sit in government over the people.
	www.trinicenter.com /winford/05122000.htm (758 words)

	afrol News - Crisis solved in São Tomé and Príncipe
		He was also to promulgate the constitutional reforms approved by a large parliamentary majority.
		The constitutional reform was to better define the two institutions' power sharing, but was vetoed by Mr Menezes.
		A process to revise the constitution was formally initiated in October last year, after all parties agreed that the current situation of broad but weak governments created an unfortunate political instability.
	www.afrol.com /News2003/stp005_constitution_crisis3.htm (765 words)

	THE CONSTITUTIONAL CRISIS IN THE COOK ISLANDS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In the written constitution, the powers of the QR are carefully set out and where the QR is intended to have a discretion not to accept advice, care has been taken to set this out.
		With a written constitution of this kind, it is not certain that the Vice Regal decisions cannot be examined by a Court.
		The Australian constitutional crisis in 1975 involved the Chief Justice of Australia because he gave legal advice to the Governor General before the governor General dismissed the Prime Minister.
	www.cookislandsbar.com (5941 words)

	TCS Daily - Constitutional Crisis
		Constitutions laid out procedures that government had to follow when the freedom of the individual was to be limited in the name of the greater good and constitutions checked the power of government by enumerating actions that government could not take.
		Constitutions did not focus on affirming the existence of rights; individual rights originated from a higher source than government.
		Euro-style constitutions and human rights documents began restricting individuals not just from attacking the democratic order, but from engaging in any activity that conflicted with an enumerated right.
	www.tcsdaily.com /article.aspx?id=091405G (992 words)

	All About Latvia: Looming Constitutional Crisis?
		Satversme, the Constitution of Latvia, recognizes the 1920 borders of the country, which includes the 1,909 sq.
		One of them was to send the proposed border agreement to the Constitutional Court to determine whether the agreement is written in accordance with Satversme, especially whether the agreement violates the Constitution’s Article 3.
		On Saturday in the interview on Latvijas Radio, she said that constitutional troubles could be taken care of after the signing of the border agreement.
	www.allaboutlatvia.com /article/193/looming-constitutional-crisis (708 words)

	Senator Orrin G. Hatch on Judicial Nominations on National Review Online
		The filibusters used to block such votes have mired the judicial-confirmation process in a political and constitutional crisis that undermines democracy, the judiciary, the Senate, and the Constitution.
		Today's crisis, with constitutional as well as political dimensions and affecting all three branches of government, presents an even more compelling case to do so.
		If the fight is fair and constitutional, let the chips fall where they may. As it has before, the Senate must change its procedures to properly balance majority rule and extended debate.
	www.nationalreview.com /comment/hatch200501120729.asp (2372 words)

	Liechtenstein’s Constitutional Crisis Over For Now!
		The recent crisis in Liechtenstein is a benchmark, a living experiment, a litmus test for the state of health in the world.
		Liechtenstein's constitutional crisis has its roots in the early history of the principality.
		The previous constitutions granted by the Princes were a big step in the right direction.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/liechtenstein/99263/1 (443 words)

	Constitutional Crisis FAQ - Emily Yoffe - Slate Magazine
		Though the Constitution has no provision for explaining when we've reached a crisis regarding it, constitutional scholars say the chief criterion is widespread disagreement over the legitimacy of the presidency.
		In that case, it is unclear whether the electors from the rest of the states could go ahead and vote without Florida, which would give the presidency to Al Gore, or if the election would be sent to the House of Representatives, which would choose George Bush.
		Amendment that electors from a given state cannot vote for a president and vice president who are both inhabitants of the same state as that set of electors.
	www.slate.com /id/1006517 (1095 words)

	The EU Constitutional Crisis, the Middle East, and Israel - Manfred Gerstenfeld
		The lack of support for the EU constitution in France and the Netherlands also marks a serious blow to the ideology of "Europeanism" - the belief that Europe's experiment with multilateral governance is a success story to be spread with "evangelic zeal" to other areas of the world.
		Had the constitution been adopted, there would have been a single European president and foreign minister who would have spoken on behalf of the EU, replacing the somewhat diverse and less powerful voices of individual country's foreign ministers who succeed each other as spokesman of the EU every six months in a rotating presidency.
		The constitutional crisis has weakened the EU's image and credibility, exposing it as a weakening institution of states with diverging interests.
	jcpa.org /brief/brief004-25.htm (4535 words)

	ISN Security Watch - Togo and Africaâs constitutional crisis
		As a general proposition, African leaders are trying to persuade the donor countries, and the international financial institutions, that they are in the process of correcting their past political and economic mistakes, and that expanded development assistance will now bring good results after decades of failure.
		It is clear that the son is planning to repeat the tactics of the father: hold an election within 60 days as the constitution demands, but then alter the results through control of the counting mechanism.
		The African community is demanding that Togo implement its own constitution for the first time since the beginning of the dictatorship.
	www.isn.ethz.ch /news/sw/details.cfm?ID=10812 (1648 words)

	Russian constitutional crisis of 1993 (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.netlab.uky.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		[[Boris Yeltsin was President of the Russian Federation at the time of the crisis.]] The Russian constitutional crisis of 1993 began in earnest on September 21, when Russian President Boris Yeltsin dissolved the country's parliament, which was increasingly opposing his moves to consolidate power and embark on unpopular neoliberal reforms.
		(2003)]] The President was concerned about the terms of the constitutional amendments passed in late 1991, which meant that his special powers of decree were set to expire by the end of 1992 (Yeltsin expanded the powers of the presidency beyond normal constitutional limits in carrying out the reform program).
		In mid-March 1993, an emergency session of the Congress of People's Deputies voted to amend the constitution, strip Yeltsin of many of his powers, and cancel the scheduled April referendum, again opening the door to legislation that would shift the balance of power away from the president.
	russian-constitutional-crisis-of-1993.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (4505 words)

	What This Country Needs Is A Good, Old-Fashioned Constitutional Crisis
		Second, by publicly re-validating Constitutional supremacy, this decision by the Florida legislature might lead to a Constitutional crisis.
		He admitted freely that the Constitution grants this authority to every legislature, but he insisted that a century of democratic voting had de-legitimized this Constitutional practice.
		A few years of political gridlock and nasty partisan recriminations about the "Florida robbery" would go a long way to encourage a re-examination of the Constitution and what it was intended to achieve, as well as what it failed to achieve because the Framers did not see John Marshall coming.
	www.lewrockwell.com /north/north25.html (1185 words)

	JURIST - Forum: Searching Congress: A Fabricated Constitutional Crisis
		Members of Congress must not be permitted to pervert the Constitution into a right to conceal evidence of criminal activity in their congressional offices with impunity.
		Interpreting the protections afforded by this constitutional protection, courts have determined introduction of such evidence would amount to “questioning” the congressional member concerning a speech or debate in the member’s House.
		If that branch is prevented from performing this task because the target of enforcement is a legislator, that is when a legitimate constitutional crisis emerges: we would be allowing Congress unjustified immunity from fair and just enforcement of the law.
	jurist.law.pitt.edu /forumy/2006/06/searching-congress-fabricated.php (1335 words)

	Constitutional Crises - A BuzzFlash Reader Contribution
		Most people don’t learn too much about the constitution is school anymore, so they probably are unaware that the Supreme Court stuck its nose in where the constitution decidedly made clear that it shouldn’t.
		When there is a dispute over an election for the president of the United States, the matter is supposed to be settled in the House of Representatives, the “people’s house,” by the elected representatives of the people.
		Anytime in the past thirty years that there has been a constitutional crisis, starting with Nixon’s secret dealings with the Viet Cong through Anna Chennault prior to the 1968 presidential elections, it has been precipitated by members of the party that claims to be staunch defenders of the constitution against liberal attack.
	www.buzzflash.com /contributors/04/07/con04298.html (1028 words)

	Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan: Constitutional Crisis
		Central Working Committee of Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan expresses deep concern over the fruitless attempts of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif to cause a constitutional crisis of proportions unprecedented in the history of Pakistan by trying to curtail the constitutional powers of the Higher Courts.
		Although, as a result of the Government's renunciation of its wrong stand and the appointment of judges, according to the decision of the Supreme Court, the confrontation has temporarily calmed, but it would not be correct to deduce that the nation has been spared the constitutional crisis that it faces.
		If the answer is in the affirmative, then the Court's rulings, regarding the 13th and 14th Amendments made in the Constitution, and those concerning the Special Courts for Speedy Trials, are also imperative.
	www.jamaat.org /crisis/constitutional.html (976 words)

	Managing constitutional crisis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The President is the legitimate and legal Chief Adviser of the non party Caretaker government as he has taken over the office fulfilling all Constitutional obligations and other formalities showing utmost patience and his deep love towards the people and the national independence and sovereignty in the face of the man-made crisis with political motive.
		The Constitutional provisions empower the President to do so President lajuddin has become the Chief Adviser of the non party Care taker government only to meet the necessity of and the time to save the country from the crisis in transitional period.
		One was the atmosphere of hooliganism and anarchy which already claimed about a dozen valuable lives and destroyed property worth taka thousands of crore and the second was the regret expressed by Justice KM Hasan to take the oath as the Chief of the Care taker government that aggravated the situation.
	nation.ittefaq.com /artman/publish/article_31838.shtml (743 words)

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