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Topic: Constitutional theocracy

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	James Madison Program - Princeton University (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		By remembering that our constitutions are things made in public and that maintaining and making constitutions are dimensions of a single enterprise, we'll move from the constitutionalism of William Rehnquist and the modern Court to the constitutionalism of Abraham Lincoln and the authors of The Federalist Papers.
		He holds that a good constitution would preserve a place for people who can understand it for what it claims to be, even if these are the same people who would change it if, or rather when, it proves less than it claims to be.
		And their success as constitution makers will depend on how well their government facilitates the pursuit of these ends, a task that requires persons sufficiently competent to reaffirm these ends as choiceworthy and to maintain the means to their pursuit.
	web.princeton.edu /sites/jmadison/events/archives/barberapr2001.htm (4708 words)

	Constitutional monarchy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Constitutional monarchs may also be the symbolic leaders of a nation's armed forces, and play a role in maintaining constitutional government in times of crises or change of administration.
		As originally conceived, a constitutional monarch was quite a powerful figure, head of the executive branch even though his or her power was limited by the constitution and the elected parliament - comparable to the powers of the President of the United States except for being hereditary.
		In many of these constitutions, the monarch or the representative of the Crown is regarded as an integral part of the executive and legislative branches of government, and that position is explicitly protected, at least in part, by the written constitution.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Constitutional_monarchy (3303 words)

	Theocracy
		Theocracy is a form of government in which the governmental rulers are identical with the leaders of the dominant religion, and governmental policies are either identical with or strongly influenced by the principals of the majority religion.
		Typically the government claims to rule on behalf of God or a higher power, as specified by the religion in question.
		Theocracy can also be exercised directly by the clergy (eg Iran) or indirectly (see the divine right of kings).
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/th/Theocracy.html (111 words)

	Discovering National Elites : Part B, Chapter 07 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The most obvious candidates for the title of elite institutions are those constitutional organs that are formally declared to be the machinery for legislation and public policy.
		Similarly, in the executive of any government, there are likely to be a number of quasi-independent agencies which engage in a struggle, not only for specific power concerning their own province, but in a general struggle for determination of public policy as a whole.
		The second type of elite institution, the para constitutional group includes organizations that are not given formal authority to make law and to enforce it, but who contribute directly to the making of decisions about law and its enforcement, and in many cases partially undertake precisely those functions behind the scenes.
	www.grazian-archive.com /governing/Elite/B_07.html (3551 words)

	[No title]
		As a Constitutional and Theocracy type of Government it must have a Monarchy to protect the Church and the written law from outside influence and from the changing mood of the majority.
		Theocracy a word first used by Josephus to denote that the Jews were under the direct government of God himself.
		As a Constitutional, Theocracy, Monarchy, Aristocrat government, it is...
	lycos.cs.cmu.edu /info/theocracy.html (373 words)

	The Chalcedon Foundation - Faith for All of Life
		Theocracy means rule of the godly as represented by a particular religious viewpoint.
		The Constitution does not address sexual morality, and therefore it is unconstitutional for the Supreme Court to address the issue of sodomy for independent states.
		Dictionaries to the contrary, theocracy is not a government by the state but a government over every institution by God and His Law, and through the activities of the free man in Christ to bring every area of life and thought under Christ’s Kingship.
	www.chalcedon.edu /articles/article.php?ArticleID=2308 (3303 words)

	Annual Faculty Lecture
		Constitutional monarchy differs from its older sibling in that it limits the power of the monarch and allows for democratic institutions to exist side by side with the institution of monarchy, each complementing the other, rather than canceling each other out.
		It is thus the form of monarchy, capetian and hereditary, that the Constitution of the Fifth Republic achieves by elevating the president to a level that allows him to transcend even the contingencies of a presidential majority.
		The heir presumptive to the Hashemite throne of Iraq is the 42 year-old Sharif Ali ibn-al-Hussein.
	www.4sbccfaculty.org /lecture/90s/lectures/Manoutchehr_Eskandari.html (11395 words)

	Asia Times Online :: Middle East News, Iraq, Iran current affairs
		The mood is tense among the 71 members of the constitutional assembly attempting to draft a new constitution for Iraq before an August 15 deadline.
		This option means, more or less, a religious-freedom provision in the constitution, which says that every family can go along with their lives according to laws of their religion or sect, with full protection from the state.
		At the end of the day, this is a constitution being written by the Shi'ites, who dominate the political process in post-Saddam Iraq and are dominant in the new parliament.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/Middle_East/GH10Ak01.html (2769 words)

	MacAddict Forums / Theocracy and the Supreme Court
		Grey areas where the constitution is not clear should be left for legislature and the state.
		If the constitution is not explicit about it, then the state or federal needs to stand.
		Abortion is one of those - the constitution does not address abortion, therefore the supreme court was wrong to say it does - and it should have been left to the state, which was the case before the ruling.
	www.macaddict.com /forums/post/961140 (2983 words)

	Theocracy Summary
		THEOCRACY means "rule by God" and refers to a type of government in which God or gods are thought to have sovereignty, or to any state so governed.
		The term theocracy is commonly used to describe a form of government in which a religion or metaphysical faith plays the dominan...
		The dangers posed by a theocracy in a strictly religious community.
	www.bookrags.com /Theocracy (158 words)

	Constitutional theocracy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The phrase constitutional theocracy describes a form of elected government in which one single religion is granted an authoritative central role in the legal and political system.
		In contrast to a pure theocracy, power resides in lay political figures operating within the bounds of a constitution, rather than in the religious leadership.
		The lack of any official, government-established Shari'a courts in Iraq, and the use of the phrase "a principal source of legislation" rather than "the principal source of legislation" in the Iraqi constitution, has been understood to mean that Iraq is not a constitutional theocracy, at least according to Hirschl's definition.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Constitutional_theocracy (561 words)

	Freedom or Theocracy?: Constitutionalism in Afghanistan and Iraq
		Depending on how the new constitution is interpreted, the past support of the U.S. and its allies to some of the most radical elements of the fundamentalist camp may have assured their enduring victory.
		The constitution also omits elementary protections available to women in other countries where they have not been subjected to the kind of treatment suffered in Afghanistan for many years, such as a ban on slavery and slave-like practices, or a requirement that both parties consent to a marriage.
		The new constitution bans political parties whose aims are "contrary to the principles of [the] sacred religion of Islam," as well as those that primarily appeal to members of an underrepresented ethnic, linguistic or religious group.
	www.law.northwestern.edu /journals/jihr/v3/4 (12987 words)

	[No title]
		As a Constitutional, Theocracy, Monarchy government, it is...
		The Taliban government has not been recognized by any other government in the world except Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and U.A.E, but after the attacks on WTO and Pentagon in America, all countries have severed their diplomatic ties with the taliban except Pakistan.
		The alleged killer of notorious Muslim critic and Dutch filmmaker Theo Van Gogh wanted an Islamic theocracy in place of the Dutch government, and was part of a group of "like-minded fanatics" aiming for holy war.
	www.lycos.com /info/theocracy--governments.html (345 words)

	The Constitution: A Secular Theocracy?
		All the delegates to the Constitutional Convention were sent to Philadelphia covenantally bound by such oaths to support Theocratic Christianity.
		Many noted Constitutional historians and scholars, such as Leo Pfeffer, have argued that while the States had Christianity as their established religion, the U.S. Constitution created a Secular nation.
		See 2 J. Story,[43] Commentaries on the Constitution of the United States 1874, p 663 (1858) ([which says that] at the time of the First Amendment's adoption, "the general, if not the universal sentiment in America was, that Christianity ought to receive encouragement from the state").
	members.aol.com /TestOath/12secular.htm (4510 words)

	FindLaw's Writ - Colb: A Creeping Theocracy
		Observant members of religious groups have a fundamental constitutional right to practice their respective religions — a right enumerated explicitly in the First Amendment.
		Nevertheless — in a development that is particularly troubling in the wake of the September 11 attacks — our federal government has demonstrated a continuing commitment to using its power to enforce religious injunctions.
		Constitutional · Intellectual Property · Criminal · Labor · more...
	writ.news.findlaw.com /colb/20011121.html (1674 words)

	Theocracy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		THEOCRACY - this is the biggest world issue today, over which, shortly, the final war of Armageddon shall be fought.
		It was in 1914 to 1918 that there was a "war in heaven", in which Christ Jesus and his angels fought against the Devil and his angels and which resulted in casting the Devil and his angels down to the earth.
		These sincere men see that the freedom of speech and freedom of worship and assembly, guaranteed by the Constitution of the United States, are being denied to Jehovah's witnesses and that fanatics by their deeds of violence committed against harmless persons threaten the liberties of all decent persons in the land.
	www.strictlygenteel.co.uk /booklets/theocracy.html (12654 words)

	Dark Christianity - I wonder what prompted these articles in the NYT?
		The court was immediately pelted with defending arguments from lawyers representing almost every religious organization in the country, from the Central Conference of American Rabbis to the Church of the Nazarene.
		“The government thus has to determine what constitutes ‘sacraments,’ ‘religious worship’ and the ‘spiritual life’ of a religion and then to evaluate whether the clergy member is sufficiently engaged in these tasks,” Professor Chemerinsky continued.
		Even amid the distractions of the year after Sept. 11, the constitutional challenge to the clergy housing deduction inspired wide coverage in religious publications and some heated words on radio.
	community.livejournal.com /dark_christian/649306.html (3006 words)

	Mark Byron: Theocratic Musings-Part III-The Purpose-Driven Court
		That theocracy is silent on Jesus, on salvation and on most of the issues that divide Protestant from Catholics and denominations from each other.
		The God in question is the generic God of civil religion, which isn't a church at all but a social construct to allow for a generic public morality while agreeing to disagree about the mechanics of theology.
		Crying "theocracy" is about as realistic as crying "Nazi" or "Fascist." At worst, we'll get the Rick Warren Court, which ain't that bad.
	markbyron.typepad.com /main/2005/05/theocratic_musi_2.html (3946 words)

	Biblical Law
		The Constitution Restoration Act of 2004, is the ultimate court-stripping measure introduced into both houses of Congress on February 11, 2004.
		Contrary to the intentions of the framers of the U.S. Constitution who wrote a Godless Constitution, it includes the acknowledgment of God as the sovereign source of law, and threatens with "impeachment" and "conviction" judges who uphold church state separtion.
		An amendment to the Constitution on church-state separation would be impossible to achieve in the current political climate, so the argument is disingenuous.
	www.theocracywatch.org /biblical_law2.htm (3966 words)

	Counterbias: Theocracy 101 (The Constitutional Restoration Act and the War on America's Judiciary)
		The Constitutional Restoration Act is only one of their means to an end of "liberty and justice for all." The tactics of the evangelical Christian Right and their political minions are historically familiar.
		There is no "war on faith." (But the rhetoric does underwrite the strategy of making the victimizer the victim that the Catholic Church used so well at the height of its pedophile sex scandal.) So-called "people of faith" can have their faith.
		For example, on April 5, 2005, Kansas became the eighteenth state to amend its constitution to deny gay citizens the civil right to a civil marriage.
	www.counterbias.com /274.html (1044 words)

	Francis Schaeffer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		State officials must know that we are serious about stopping abortion, which is a matter of clear principle concerning the babies themselves and concerning a high view of human life.
		In the New Testament, with the church being made up of Jews and Gentiles, and spreading over all the known world from India to Spain in one generation, the church was its own entity.
		But that is very different from a theocracy in name or in fact.
	www.serve.com /thibodep/cr/schaeff.htm (418 words)

	Homophobia
		Wildmon's meeting gave birth to a concerted campaign for a constitutional amendment blocking gay marriage.
		Conservatives are pushing for a constitutional amendment protecting the traditional definition of marriage, and one such effort -- the Federal Marriage Amendment -- already has some 100 cosponsors in the House of Representatives.
		The amendment was passed by a majority of Colorado voters in November 1992, and was to take effect on January 15, 1993." Jean Hardisty, founder and Director of Political Research Associates, explains the history of homophobia in the Religious Right.
	www.theocracywatch.org /homophob.htm (2491 words)

	Iraq Theocracy, Civil War and Genocide Watch
		The draft constitution reflects Iraq's radical change in power as a result of Hussein's ouster, from a secular state before the war to a country governed by Iraq's conservative Shiite majority.
		The draft constitution submitted at the last minute Monday night would turn Iraq into a loose federation while the basis for laws would be strongly Islamic....
		According to the draft constitution, Islam is the official religion of the state, and it is a main source for legislation, meaning no law can be passed that contradicts the fixed principles of Islam's rulings....
	www.brucegourley.com /iraqtheocracy (7849 words)

	John F. Cullinan on Iraq & Constitution on National Review Online
		Getting Iraq's constitution right is not simply a matter of legal or scholarly interest, but rather the single most essential way to preserve vital political momentum toward a decent and democratic state and society in the face of the terrorist offensive conducted by former Baathists and foreign jihadists.
		In the absence of any public debate, consensus, or mandate, the latest drafts of Iraq's constitution (see here and here) deliberately demolish the delicate balance on the paramount religion-and-state question reached after much hard bargaining in the current interim constitution or the Transitional Administrative Law (TAL).
		In another interview, the intrepid Mohammed said it this way: "We are practically being turned into slaves by the constitution, by admitting that Islam is the formal religion of the country, and by handing over the writing of it...
	www.nationalreview.com /comment/cullinan200508010925.asp (1984 words)

	Maitreyan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Maitreyan Proposal is an idea worked out as a musical composition and a theory of the World-State as a Constitutional Theocracy.
		The Constitution is a parliamentarian result expressed in a declaration on Human Rights (a modified UN version).
		In a Constitutional Theocracy the Head of State is God.
	home.hetnet.nl /~p-m_/maitreyan.html (1099 words)

	Iran Spirituality (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Iran is a constitutional theocracy, which means that the principles and codes of one particular religion, in this case Shi'ism, have become the laws of the state.
		Iran's diverse ethnic population also includes followers of other religions, although these constitute only about one per cent of the population.
		Other areas have communities of Christians, Jews and Baha'is. With the exception of the Baha'i, followers of all religions are officially protected under Iran's current constitution.
	www.cp-pc.ca /english/iran/spirit.html (417 words)

	The Last Chance Democracy Cafe: Episode 34: Zero Tolerance for Theocracy
		According to Griswold vs. Connecticut, a woman has a federal constitutional right to obtain contraception, as prescribed by her doctor, without undue interference from the state.
		Under the Constitution Restoration Act, the women of Fairhope would be absolutely precluded from going to federal court to enforce their constitutional rights.
		So, let this be fair warning to all those who are trying to replace our constitutional democracy with theocracy: Before that happens, you'll first have to go straight through millions upon millions of Americans who are prepared to stand behind freedom and who will fight by every lawful means to preserve it.
	www.buzzflash.com /day/05/05/day05010.html (2115 words)

	Theocracy and the Establishment Clause: Evaluating Religiously Motivated Laws
		Theocracy and the Establishment Clause: Evaluating Religiously Motivated Laws
		In the United States, theocracy issues generally arise when a Christian majority uses its political power to enact legislation consistent with Christian teachings.
		But theocracy issues may also arise when a local government is controlled by members of another major religion or even a religious cult.
	www.law.umkc.edu /faculty/projects/ftrials/conlaw/theocracy.htm (1116 words)

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