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Topic: Construct validity

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	Test Reliability and Validity
		In this regard it should be noted that the validity of a measure of a construct is a problem distinct from that of the use of that measure in predicting a second measure, though the latter can often contribute to construct validation.
		The lower the amount of variance in true validity coefficients remaining after the effects of statistical artifacts are removed from the distribution of observed validities, the greater the generalization that is possible to a new situation involving similar job and test types.
		When content-related evidence serves as a significant demonstration of validity for a particular test use, a clear definition of the universe represented, its relevance to the proposed test use, and the procedures followed in generating test content to represent that universe should be described.
	www.umdnj.edu /idsweb/idst5350/test_reliability_validity.htm (3373 words)

	PA 765: Validity
		A poor construct may be characterized by lack of theoretical agreement on its content, or by flawed operationalization such that its indicators may be construed as measuring one thing by one researcher and another thing by another researcher.
		A construct is a way of defining something, and to the extent that a researcher's proposed construct is at odds with the existing literature on related hypothesized relationships using other measures, its construct validity is suspect.
		Discriminant validity, the second major type of construct validity, refers to the principle that the indicators for different constructs should not be so highly correlated as to lead one to conclude that they measure the same thing.
	www2.chass.ncsu.edu /garson/pa765/validity.htm (4352 words)

	National MS Society \| Clinical Study Measures
		The term construct generally refers to some phenomenon that is abstract and theoretical and that cannot be directly observed such as "depression." In order to measure a theoretical construct, one utilizes one or more indicators that are thought to be related to the construct.
		Construct validity does not refer to a particular type of statistical test but rather to the accumulation of a variety of different types of evidence that may include content validity, criterion-related validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity and others.
		A theoretical construct such as depression may be multi-faceted and thus consist of several domains all of which are related in some way to the construct.
	www.nationalmssociety.org /MUCS_glossary1.asp (1284 words)

	Validity (statistics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In psychology, validity is the ability of a test to measure what it was designed to measure, the degree to which the operational definition of a variable accurately reflects the variable it is designed to measure or manipulate.
		Similar to criterion validity is construct validity, where an investigator examines whether a measure is related to other variables as required by theory.
		According to classical test theory, predictive or concurrent validity (correlation between the predictor and the predicted) cannot exceed the square root of the correlation between two versions of the same measure -- that is, reliability limits validity.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Validity_(statistics) (727 words)

	Validity of measures is no simple matter Health Services Research - Find Articles
		Construct validity refers to the extent to which a measure reflects accurately the variability among objects as they are arrayed on the underlying (latent) continuum to which the construct refers.
		Construct validity cannot be assumed simply because a measure correlates with some other measure or because in a factor analysis it seems to have an appropriate factor structure.
		Achievement of, or even understanding of, construct validity cannot be guaranteed by any template of requirements by which to judge the adequacy of measures, whether those measures are extant, in the developmental process, or merely being contemplated.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m4149/is_5_40/ai_n15863303 (879 words)

	Construct validity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Thus, "construct validity" can be evaluated by statistical methods that show whether or not a common factor can be shown to exist underlying several measurements using different observable indicators.
		Evaluation of construct validity requires examining the correlation of the measure being evaluated with variables that are known to be related to the construct purportedly measured by the instrument being evaluated or for which there are theoretical grounds for expecting it to be related (Campbell and Fiske, 1959).
		Construct validity is a judgment based on the accumulation of correlations from numerous studies using the instrument being evaluated.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Construct_validity (231 words)

	Construct Validity of the Anxiety Rating Scale -2 with Youth Wrestlers
		The purpose of this study was to examine the construct validity of the Anxiety Rating Scale-2 in a field sport setting of wrestling.
		It was proposed that follow-up construct validity studies with individual sport athletes and different age groups (Cox, et al., 2000) be undertaken.
		The rationale for examining ARS-2 construct validity is that more skilled athletes should display lower scores on precompetitive Cognitive and Somatic state anxiety but higher scores on Self-confidence than less skilled athletes, which would be observable in match outcome as more skilled athletes are likely to be winners.
	www.athleticinsight.com /Vol4Iss1/ARS2Wrestlers.htm (3456 words)

	A Comparative Discussion of the Notion of 'Validity' in Qualitative and Quantitative Research
		In this paper, the author attempts to establish that 'validity' is not a single, fixed or universal concept, but rather a contingent construct, inescapably grounded in the processes and intentions of particular research methodologies and projects.
		Instead the 'validity' of the research resides with the representation of the actors, the purposes of the research and appropriateness of the processes involved.
		Validity, in a broad sense, pertains to this relationship between an account and something outside of that account, whether this thing is construed as objective reality, the constructions of actors, or a variety of other possible interpretations.
	www.nova.edu /ssss/QR/QR4-3/winter.html (5711 words)

	Classics in the History of Psychology -- Cronbach & Meehl (1955)
		Construct validation is involved whenever a test is to be interpreted as a measure of some attribute or quality which is not "operationally defined." The problem faced by the investigator is, "What constructs account for variance in test performance?" Construct validity calls for no new scientific approach.
		Construct validity is not to be identified solely by particular investigative procedures, but by the orientation of the investigator.
		Construct validity is ordinarily studied when the tester has no definite criterion measure of the quality with which he is concerned, and must use indirect measures.
	psychclassics.yorku.ca /Cronbach/construct.htm (10550 words)

	Validity
		Therefore, internal validity is addressed to a lesser degree in these studies than it is in an intervention study that is designed to demonstrate causal relationships.
		External validity is threatened whenever the sample is not representative of the population.
		Construct validity is threatened whenever the way we operationally define the variable does not match the theoretical intent of the construct.
	edpsych.ed.sc.edu /seaman/edrm700/Questions/validity.htm (1945 words)

	Questions and answers about language testing statistics: What is construct validity?
		To understand the traditional definition of construct validity, it is first necessary to understand what a construct is. A construct, or psychological construct as it is also called, is an attribute, proficiency, ability, or skill that happens in the human brain and is defined by established theories.
		Construct validity has traditionally been defined as the experimental demonstration that a test is measuring the construct it claims to be measuring.
		Clearly then, while construct validity is still an important concept, our responsibilities as language testers appear to have expanded considerably with Messick's call for test developers to pay attention to the evidential and consequential bases for the use and interpretation of test scores.
	www.jalt.org /test/bro_8.htm (1449 words)

	Construct Validity
		Construct validity refers to the degree to which inferences can legitimately be made from the operationalizations in your study to the theoretical constructs on which those operationalizations were based.
		Then, I'll discuss the major construct validity threats, the kinds of arguments your critics are likely to raise when you make a claim that your program or measure is valid.
		The first formal articulation of the idea of construct validity came from this effort and was couched under the somewhat grandiose idea of the nomological network.
	www.socialresearchmethods.net /kb/constval.htm (844 words)

	The Importance of Validity
		Construct validation attempts to understand what is being measured by examining the relationship between constructs (an abstract idea used as an explanatory concept--such as motivation or satisfaction).
		In essence, construct validation concerns theories and the relationship between constructs proposed by a theory.
		In order to use construct validation, you must understand the theoretical relationship of the construct to other constructs—what it should and should not be related to.
	survey.pearsonncs.com /planning/validity.htm (777 words)

	Health and Quality of Life Outcomes \| Full text \| Assessing the construct validity of the Italian version of the EQ-5D: ...
		The lack of information on the construct validity and reliability of the instrument as well as the absence of utilities estimated in the Italian population preclude its applicability.
		Construct validation is an ongoing process of learning more about the construct, making new predictions and then testing them.
		The convergent and discriminant validity of the EQ-5D were also supported by the relationship with the SF-12 component scores observed in the data, with stronger relationships observed between the PCS-12 scores and the functional dimensions than with the anxiety/depression dimension.
	www.hqlo.com /content/4/1/47 (4223 words)

	Traditional and Modern Concepts of Validity. ERIC/AE Digest.
		Thus test validity is a characteristic of a test when it is administered to a particular population.
		Validating a test refers to accumulating empirical data and logical arguments to show that the inferences are indeed appropriate.
		Messick (1989, 1996a, 1996b) argues that the traditional conception of validity is fragmented and incomplete especially because it fails to take into account both evidence of the value implications of score meaning as a basis for action and the social consequences of score use.
	www.ericdigests.org /2000-3/validity.htm (1363 words)

	SOC 512: Reliability and Validity
		Content validity is the consensus (intersubjective, negotiated) opinion of the community of scholars as to whether the items used to measure a latent variable (henceforth called a construct) refer to the domain of the construct and to no other construct.
		Construct validity (and criterion validity as a "special case" of construct validity, wherein the explanandum is a behavioral variable) refers to three types of relationships:
		First, construct validity is assessed by examining the parameter estimates for the effects of the construct on the indicator items (i.e., is each item strongly correlated with the overall summated score, which we use as the measure of the construct).
	www.soc.iastate.edu /sapp/soc512.relval.html (2468 words)

	reliability and validity - ed 510
		Validity is defined as the extent to which a score measures the underlying construct that it claims to measure.
		For example when the construct, self esteem, is measured using a newly developed test it is important to show that the scores generated by the new test are positively correlated with an established test of self esteem, for example the Tennessee Self Concept Battery.
		Construct validity is demonstrated when two independent but related measures of the same construct are positively correlated.
	www2.widener.edu /~aad0002/510relval.htm (1429 words)

	NU604: Syllabus: Course Content: Module 1: Research Design: Validity of the Design: Construct Validity (Page 1 of 1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Construct validity looks at the fit between conceptual and operational definitions of variables.
		Researchers spend years determining construct validity of an instrument that measures a construct.
		When only one method is used to measure a construct, questions of construct validity arise.
	jeffline.tju.edu /Education/dl/NU604/syllabus/module1/construct.html (647 words)

	The tentacles of construct validity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Concurrent validity occurs when a test score and criterion score are obtained at the same time; in predictive validity, test and criterion scores are obtained at two different times.
		Content validity refers to the extent to which test items are a sample of the universe of interest.
		Cronbach and Meehl argue that a construct is validated when it is embedded within a nomological network that links theoretical propositions with observables.
	www.psych.uiuc.edu /~sspence1/Day1_Q3.htm (951 words)

	Statistics Solutions: Validity
		In a study of industrial relations, Deery, Erwin, and Iverson (1999) wrote, "The discriminant validity was tested by calculating the difference between one model, which allowed the correlation between the constructs (with multiple indicators) to be constrained to unity (i.e., perfectly correlated), and another model, which allowed the correlations to be free.
		This was carried out for one pair of constructs at a time.
		For example, in testing organizational commitment and union loyalty, the chi-square difference test between the two models (p<.001) affirmed the discriminant validity of the constructs.
	www.statisticssolutions.com /Validity.htm (4088 words)

	Construct Validity
		Construct validity seeks agreement between a theoretical concept and a specific measuring device or procedure.
		Convergent validity is the actual general agreement among ratings, gathered independently of one another, where measures should be theoretically related.
		Discriminate validity is the lack of a relationship among measures which theoretically should not be related.
	writing.colostate.edu /guides/research/relval/com2b4.cfm (172 words)

	Construct Validity
		University of Tennessee Knoxville JUDGMENTAL EMPIRICAL VALIDITY The major type of validity that relies heavily on both subjective judgments and empirical data (that is data based on observations) is construct validity.
		Before we launch into a discussion of the most common threats to construct validity let's recall what a threat to validity is. In a research study you are likely to reach a conclusion that your 1955 paper authored by Cronbach and Paul E. Meehl.
		Construct validity requires gradual accumulation of evidence from a variety of sources.
	www.laperlarestaurant.com /construct-validity.htm (434 words)

	Construct Validity
		This is a type of experimental validity that pertains to the interpretation or basis of the effect that was demonstrated in an experiment.
		Constructs should be precisely explicated through detailed operational definitions.
		Generally, there is a threat to construct validity when attention, contact with subjects, and their expectations might plausibly account for the findings and have not been controlled or evalulated in the design.
	www.cps.nova.edu /~cpphelp/class/psy2809/construct.html (331 words)

	Validity
		Validity refers to the degree to which a study accurately reflects or assesses the specific concept that the researcher is attempting to measure.
		While reliability is concerned with the accuracy of the actual measuring instrument or procedure, validity is concerned with the study's success at measuring what the researchers set out to measure.
		External validity refers to the extent to which the results of a study are generalizable or transferable.
	writing.colostate.edu /guides/research/relval/pop2b.cfm (170 words)

	SOC 202: Validity and Reliability (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Thus, content validity is the consensus (i.e., intersubjective, negotiated) opinion of the community of scholars as to whether the items used to measure a construct refer to the domain of the construct and to no other construct.
		In other words, the issue of content validity is, "Does the community of scholars agree that a particular instrument is appropriate to measure a particular physical entity or abstract construct?" Construct validity is the extent to which a measure relates to other measures consistent with theoretically derived hypotheses concerning the concepts being measured.
		Construct validity (and criterion validity as a "special case" of construct validity, wherein the explanandum is a behavioral variable) is assessed by empirical evaluation of three types of relationships:
	www.soc.iastate.edu /sapp/soc202relval2.html (2649 words)

	Idea of Construct Validity
		Construct validity is an assessment of how well you translated your ideas or theories into actual programs or measures.
		I'll call the first the "definitionalist" perspective because it essentially holds that the way to assure construct validity is to define the construct so precisely that you can operationalize it in a straightforward manner.
		Your measure might be capturing a lot of the construct of self esteem, but it may not capture all of it.
	www.socialresearchmethods.net /kb/considea.htm (1048 words)

	Dr. Anthony Greenwald/IAT Materials
		This page was designed to survey the topics that have received attention, includng almost 50 papers, most of which are either published or in press, and most of which have been made downloadable with the permission of their authors.
		Perhaps the best evidence for construct validity of the self-esteem IAT measure was its use to confirm balance-theoretical predictions of the role of self-esteem and self-concept in implicit social cognition, by Greenwald et al.
		The most interesting question raised about the IAT's construct validity is the suggestion that the IAT measures associations that reside in the culture, rather than in the person.
	faculty.washington.edu /agg/iat_validity.htm (3176 words)

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