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	20th WCP: Adorno: Semi-Formation as Cultural Reconstruction of Society
		The articulation between culture and formation, induced by the peculiarity of late capitalism and by the German cultural situation compared to the Enlightenment in the period of the German idealism, therefore constitutes a compulsory reference for the exam of Adorno's contribution.
		The mass culture was not taken as a pseudo-culture, but as a manipulative reconstruction of the formative culture, by the culture industry, which controls the media through the passiveness imposed to the consumer and through the strict control of the owner.
		The cultural formation by means of social labor, in the twenties still opposed, by Lukács, to the capitalist reification as the basis for class consciousness, had changed into the apparent disconnection between culture and formation as a function of a social reconstruction of culture with an ideological aim.
	www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/Soci/SociMaar.htm (2671 words)

	The Cultural Re-Construction of African Identity: A 21st Century Agenda (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The dominant notion of culture is itself a cultural construct.
		Culture is always created in a social and political context and we then experience the residue of that culture over time.
		The pace with which culture is changing and the frequency with which we create modify longstanding traditions may have quickened in the contemporary period, because of the mobility of people throughout the world and because of the media.
	www.bioethics.umn.edu /afrgen/html/culturalreconstruction.html (2608 words)

	APRCCN - Cultural Policy & Law
		Cultural exchanges with Taiwan will continue to be developed on the basis of the principle of "peaceful reunification" and "one country and two systems" and the eight-point proposals advocating developing relations across the Straits and accelerating the process of peaceful reunification.
		Advanced Cultural County: This plan, put forth in 1991, aims to prosper and develop regional cultural causes mainly in rural areas by means of appraising advanced Cultural counties at state level as well as at provincial, autonomous region and municipality level.
		The purpose is to strengthen cultural construction in coastal and border areas to accelerate the economic and cultural development.
	www.culturelink.or.kr /policy_china.html (8407 words)

	The Chronicle: 5/2/2003: Expanding the Agenda of Cultural Research
		Some of the attention to the cultural turn began in the 1960s, with the period's new sympathy for the styles and values of various groups, and then firmed up with a growing interest in the findings of cultural anthropology and in various theoretical formulations from gurus like Michel Foucault and Jacques Derrida.
		Culture in most university curriculums continues to mean literary masterpieces, art history, or foreign languages -- all very desirable, but none usually devoted to culture as causation.
		And, while the culture wars may have softened, they are not over today, as new international crises have prompted reassertions of the need to rally around a national culture.
	chronicle.com /free/v49/i34/34b00701.htm (3014 words)

	Cultural Psychology
		Although literature on cultural relevance in psychology can certainly be expanded, it is nevertheless unavoidable for a practicing social scientist to consider the fact that culture is always a background factor in every individual or group, whether an appropriate paradigm - that takes into account this factor - exists or not.
		Cultural psychology avoids viewing culture as a superficial independent variable whereas general psychology and its subdiscipline, cross-cultural psychology, treat culture as background noise to be filtered out in order to pinpoint universal psychological mechanisms (general psychology and cross-cultural psychology are notorious among the social sciences for marginalizing culture in this manner).
		Cultural psychology attempts to accomplish this by incorporating cultural world-views to expand and discover psychological constructs rather than occasionally attempting to explain "cultural issues" with supposedly "universal" psychological principles.
	psych.umb.edu /grdstd/vinai/cultpsy.htm (747 words)

	\| Cultural Theory in History Today \| The American Historical Review, 107.5 \| The History Cooperative
		The term "material culture" is unnecessary, unless you believe, as the quoted passage suggests, that the distinction between an immaterial culture and a "concrete" social life is a useful one—a position that is a variation on Radcliffe-Brown's distinction between observable social relations and abstract culture.
		Culture, we might say, ought to be conceptualized as a verb, not a noun—which is another way to say, as Sewell does, that system and practice are indissoluble.
		Without speaking for "cultural historians," I will admit that anthropological relativists often speak nonrelativistically about culture and semiosis, as in the assertion: all human knowledge is culturally constructed, or semiotically mediated, and hence relative to the symbol system (language) in which it is conceptualized.
	www.historycooperative.org /journals/ahr/107.5/ah0502001512.html (4019 words)

	CULTURAL CONSTRUCTION
		For example, marriage is a cultural construction: it is not biologically necessary for men and women to marry.
		This article discusses the significance of the study of foreign philosophy in the context of renovation, transformation and remolding of Chinese contemporary culture, explores the role of the discipline in the context of Chinese cultural construction, and anticipates the future of this discipline.
		Abstract by author: This dissertation aims to reconstruct the linguistic and cultural apparatuses for the categorization and evaluation of sexual experience between males that were shared by Romans as part of their cultural heritage.
	sociologyindex.com /cultural_construction.htm (545 words)

	Cultural Construction of Norden
		The point of departure is an interest in the cultural construction of community and in what national and Nordic identities represented in the North in comparison with other patterns of national identity and community construction.
		The role of the peasants in the historical emergence of political cultures in the North is emphasised.
		The contributions shed, from diverse points of view, light on the cultural construction of "Norden" geopolitically and in local parish politics, under discussion of the role of religion and foundation myths about an heroic past, language, stateotiented liberalism and welfarestatist individualism, a pragmatic youth ideology and a pragmatic dissociation from utopian overtones.
	www.iue.it /Personal/Strath/bibliography/abstracts/cultconnord.htm (222 words)

	Cultural Construction of Identity
		A story must not only draw on the same cultural knowledge and understanding about the world, but also contain a common element in content that can be understood amongst all members within the culture in to which the story is told.
		In Western culture, for example, it is chronological, orientated around emblematic events and ‘stages’ of life...” (Bruner,1995:170) And thus, in Western autobiography, as one grows older, one learns more about life and about oneself and their place in the world.
		Our culture determines that which is the important information to recall and therefore encourages the forgetting of information that has little relevance within the particular cultural form.
	home.iprimus.com.au /cadew/essays/identity.htm (2108 words)

	Cultural Agents: Marshall Ganz, Personal Narrative and Cultural Construction of Society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The original topic to be presented and discussed was on sociology of knowledge and cultural production, but he later thought it could be more interesting to present his own story, his own background and why he believes that cultural agency is interesting and important nowadays in academic refashioning and reformulations.
		He attributes his interest in the movement to two main biographical and cultural reasons: the first one, the fact that his father was a chaplain in the Army, in Germany, right after the war, where he worked with survivors of the Holocaust.
		The role of culture constituting such power was central and the church, the southern church, probed to be crucial for this purpose.
	blogs.law.harvard.edu /culturalagency1/december2003 (2591 words)

	Ohio Cultural Facilities Commission (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		By law (Ohio Revised Code Section 3383), “Ohio cultural facilities” include facilities for the public presentation of visual and performing arts, museums for the presentation of science technology and transportation, local historical facilities, state historical facilities and facilities for education and training in the arts and design.
		For projects funded with bond funds issued by the Treasurer of State (bonds issued in July 2005 or later), the cultural facility must be made available for use in presenting cultural programming to the public for the term of the bonds issued to fund the improvements, normally 15 years.
		The Commission's interest is in ensuring that the arts and culture are presented to the public and that the state-funded facility or improvements are properly built and maintained.
	culture.ohio.gov /artproj.asp (1461 words)

	Weaving a Cultural Exchange: Midwives Working Together
		The goal of culturally sensitive training programs for traditional midwives in developing nations is not to replace traditional midwifery with a bio-medical model, but to foster a respectful relationship that encourages the healthy exchange of ideas between the two models and allows midwives and women the information they need to make their own decisions.
		The underlying framework of the midwifery/holistic model is the understanding and value of connection; the understanding of relatedness of the body and mind, mother and infant, midwife and woman, woman and her social context.
		Critical issues that need to be addressed relate to the cultural construction and meaning of birth, the importance of well trained and supported community based midwifery, access to health care (including safe abortion services) and a woman's right to control her own body.
	www.childbirthsolutions.com /articles/worldbirth/guatemala/index.php (1449 words)

	Welcome to Duke's Center for Philosophy of Biology
		Niche construction is a concept that appears to have the potential to attract the attention of many cultural anthropologists who find post-sociobiology evolutionary thinking incapable of accommodating their understandings of human agency, human culture, and culture change.
		One phenomena that cultural evolutionists have to explain is the relative prevalence of highly adaptive human cultural behavior.
		Cultural evolutionists solve this problem by postulating that humans possess adaptive preferences which allow them to quickly and reliably choose behaviors that are maximally fit.
	www.duke.edu /philosophy/bio/conference2005.html (1897 words)

	Cultural Construction of Gender in Islam
		cultures and more with the doctrinal system of Islam, for, in my opinion, it, too, has to share a part of the blame for the failure of the equalitarian and/or egalitarian teaching of Islam to realize itself in Muslim life and living.
		These cultured Europeans and Americans, who choose to embrace Islam, too, seek to justify such institutions of Islam as polygamy, divorce by repudiation, patriarchy, subordination of wives, unfreedom of women, and/or the beating of wives.
		Before the women’s position and status can be improved in contemporary Muslim society and culture, we have to begin constructing men and women differently from how they have been constructed doctrinally, socially, and culturally in Islam in the past and continue to be by our orthodox, traditionalist, and fundamentalist representatives of religion.
	cyber_bangla0.tripod.com /aa/Chapter_Three.html (6457 words)

	Construction of Gender in Cynewulf's Elene (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Latin ecclesiastical culture would most likely have regarded the messenger as an angel who, although incorporeal in essence, is masculine in both grammar (angelus) and appearance (on weres had);10 neither the Roman church nor classical Roman culture had a place for a female messenger on a field of battle.
		Elene is empowered with the capacity for culturally sanctioned violence not only by her political position as empress in command of the Roman army, but also by her occupation of the textually privileged side of the Christian/Jew binary.
		This dual construction of gender creates the occasionally uneasy coexistence between the hagiographic and the heroic that obtains within the text, a coexistence predicated upon the status of Elene as the literal and/or figurative mother of the male characters of the poem.
	www.english.ufl.edu /exemplaria/lion.htm (4379 words)

	reinha
		[9] The construction is not a mimetic or symbolic representation of the primal scene, nor is the scene it points to a lost biographical episode subject to empirical evaluation, an historical event existing prior to the construction and whose contents marks the origin of symptom formation.
		The idea of construction reappears in Freud's case history of the homosexual girl a few years later, but it is not until the last years of his life that Freud fully theorizes construction as a clinical technique distinct from interpretation and strangely aligned with delusion.
		A construction is an analytic coup in which the otherwise taciturn analyst surprises (perhaps even embarrasses) the analysand by suddenly becoming overly talkative, providing what seems to be a too-formulaic, too-synthetic explanation of his or her symptoms and anxiety.
	social.chass.ncsu.edu /Jouvert/v3i12/reinha.htm (8181 words)

	luka crnic / cherishing the mundane (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Namely, the existence of cultural groups and their homogeneity allow for transmission/inheritance of cultural profiles across generations whereby differences between groups get stressed and the individual differences within the group suppressed.
		The construction of natural history data bases, developmental environments, and cognitive technologies contrast decisively with the replacement of spears by rifles in hunting crocodiles.
		It is very likely that niche construction and dual inheritance co-exist, and both play important roles in the cultural construction and stabilisation of human information gathering and information processing skills.
	crnic.name /2006/08/memetics-and-cultural-evolution.html (720 words)

	Department of Cultural Affairs
		On Thursday, December 2, the Cultural Affairs Advisory Commission and the Department of Cultural Affairs were delighted to host a seminar on planning for construction projects for more than 200 members of the non-profit cultural community.
		The seminar, entitled "Building the Arts: Strategic Planning for Cultural Construction, was held in the auditorium at the recently re-opened Museum of Modern Art.
		The Advisory Commission and DCA were extremely grateful for this extraordinary and diverse group of participants, and for the generosity of both Time Warner, which donated the stunning space in their new building at Columbus Circle, and the Edward John Noble Foundation, which provided additional support.
	www.nyc.gov /html/dcla/html/news/advisory_latest_news.shtml (569 words)

	Robert Penn Warren Center for the Humanities fellows program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Unlike European nations, whose identity derived from a common language, ethnic or racial heritage, religion, or cultural history, the identity of the United States of America as "nature's nation" was grounded in large part in the land itself.
		Granted that nature is culturally constructed, we need to ask how the cultural construction of nature differs from (and intersects with) other culturally constructed entities.
		The project operates from the assumption that science and technology need to be understood not simply by explaining how they are culturally constructed, but also by looking at how certain fundamental ideas or metaphors about nature are worked out at the same historical moment in different cultural practices.
	www.vanderbilt.edu /rpw_center/ls00c.htm (1150 words)

	Appendix B: Mitigation Measures Common to All Alternatives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		· A construction work schedule shall be prepared for all construction projects that minimizes effects on wildlife in adjacent habitats, peaks in visitation, and noise levels at residential housing and visitor lodging areas.
		Barriers shall be installed prior to construction and field inspected by natural and cultural resources personnel to verify proper placement.
		Appropriate signage shall be located and sequenced during construction activities to ensure safe and efficient traffic and pedestrian circulation.
	www.nps.gov /YOSE/planning/mrp/html/17_rmrp_apxb.htm (1714 words)

	Arts and the Bottom Line - 4/1/2005 - Building Design and Construction
		In recent years, public discussion of the role of cultural facilities in society has turned into a war of dueling spreadsheets over their economic benefits, especially when public funding for performing arts centers, theaters, and museums is at stake.
		With a mission to grow the arts and boost cultural tourism in the area, the Yuma Art Center "has been everything we hoped for and more," says Roberta Ukura, art center and civic center manager for Yuma's Arts and Culture Division.
		Growth started in the neighborhood a full year before construction began; now, a year before construction is to be completed, a forest of construction cranes pierces the skyline, constructing high-rise residential, retail, and parking structures.
	www.reedconstructiondata.com /article/CA515490.html (2607 words)

	The cultural construction of contemporary satanic legends in Israel Folklore - Find Articles
		The cultural construction of contemporary satanic legends in Israel
		Whether real, constructed or invented, the issue of "Satanism" in Israel emerged almost ten years after it first attracted attention and created concern in other western, mostly English-speaking, countries (Richardson, Best and Bromley 1991).
		Moreover, the issue was prompted by, structured and "typified" similar claims, one decade after the "moral panic" sparked by mystical, eastern and human potential groups (i.e.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2386/is_3_116/ai_n15924433 (899 words)

	Excavating the Cultural Construction of Personhood (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Disease, violence, and accident have left caseloads of testimony that far worse than physiological disability is the loss of the ability to meaningfully interact with others, to communicate, or to maintain a narrative of one's past and one's identity.
		This cultural selection for the best thematic interlocutors could have correlated with the 'reentrant mapping' of the brain's neural network and, over a long stretch of time, caused permanent biological evolutionary changes in the brain's structure, especially the pre-frontal cortex.
		The 'cultural construction' of anything is almost by now an academic cliché.
	members.shaw.ca /docnixon/conf/persons.html (4122 words)

	Damned for Their Difference: The Cultural Construction of Deaf People as Disabled Journal of Social History - Find ...
		(1) Their subject is the "cultural construction of deaf people as disabled" in Britain from the seventeenth-century to the present and to a lesser extent in Australia for the modern period.
		xii) In their study, the authors present a wide-range of historical and cultural evidence from the age of Scientific Revolution to the age of the cochlear implant in an effort to explain why deaf people have been marginalized and treated as disabled.
		These chapters provide an extensive discussion of why hearing people often labeled deaf people "abnormal" or "pathological." They broadly paint the impact of early science, the culture of evolution and imperialism and then eugenics, relying on the theories of Weber, Foucault and Bourdieu as underpinnings to their study.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2005/is_2_38/ai_n9487448 (990 words)

	SCE -- Intellectual Property and the Construction of Authorship
		For the 1997 edition of News and Notices, Peter Jaszi summarized the substantial impact this project has had on legal debate about the direction of intellectual property policy (excerpted here), and its influence has continued to grow.
		Does this metaphor for culture- making that is so central to our international intellectual property system operate unjustly to maintain the economic and cultural hegemony of the nations of the industrialized North at the expense of the claims of peoples of the South?
		The most recent continuation of the IPCA project began in the fall of 2003 when Case Western Reserve University's English Department sponsored an Authorship Collaborative under the leadership of Martha Woodmansee.
	www.case.edu /affil/sce/IPCA_main.html (407 words)

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