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Topic: Constructed wetland

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	Publication: Residential On-site Wastewater Treatment: Constructed Wetlands
		Constructed wetlands are designed to mimic natural wetlands to treat wastewater, using plants and microorganisms.
		A constructed wetland system consists of a septic tank, the wetland cell(s) and a method for returning the treated wastewater back to the environment, such as a drainfield if the soil is adequate, or a polishing lagoon or wildlife habitat pond (Figure 1).
		The constructed wetland cell is connected to the pond using a four-inch diameter Schedule 40 Thermoplastic PVC pipe or equivalent with a slope of at least 0.5% or 1/2 foot per 100 feet.
	www.ianrpubs.unl.edu /epublic/pages/publicationD.jsp?publicationId=269 (2396 words)

	Introduction to Treatment Wetlands
		Wetland Solutions, Inc. (WSI) is a leader in applying this technology to a variety of water quality challenges in Florida, including treatment of urban stormwaters, municipal wastewaters, lake and reservoir eutrophication, and runoff from confined animal feeding operations, agricultural lands, and industrial sites.
		Removal of pollutants in treatment wetlands is limited by the form and concentration of the constituents, water flow rates and residence time, the presence of oxygen, substrate type, and the entire chemical makeup of the water to be treated.
		Constructed wetlands can be built and utilized in any part of the state, making them advantageous for many water quality management applications.
	wetlandsolutionsinc.com /wwd_treatment_wetlands.html (1677 words)

	Constructed Wetlands
		Constructed wetlands are sometimes built as part of a treatment train that may include processes in series such as settling ponds, oil/water separators, and physical/chemical treatment methods.
		Constructed wetlands, like other biological methods, are limited by the ability of the biota to withstand exposure to their environment.
		During operation of the constructed wetland, wildlife may be adversely affected by the presence of metals that have accumulated in plants.
	www.cpeo.org /techtree/ttdescript/conwet.htm (750 words)

	Wetlands
		Constructed wetlands clean wastewater in the same way that natural wetlands cleanse surface water of nutrients and organic debris.
		Constructed wetlands are designed for a known amount of wastewater flow, and the size of the wetlands is based on the level of treatment needed to return the water to the environment without harmful effects.
		This restored riverine wetland is located south of Columbia's constructed wetlands, bordered on the west by the Missouri River and on the east by Perche Creek.
	www.gocolumbiamo.com /PublicWorks/Sewer/wetlands_1.php (791 words)

	Constructed Wetland Systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Constructed wetlands are particularly appropriate where groundwater levels are close to the surface because groundwater can supply the water necessary to sustain the wetland system.
		Wetland basins with open water are similar to retention ponds, except that a significant portion (usually 50 percent or more) of the permanent pool volume is covered by emergent wetland vegetation.
		Wetland basins of this type, also known as a wetland meadow, support a variety of wetland plants adapted to saturated soil conditions and tolerant of periodic inundation by runoff.
	pasture.ecn.purdue.edu /~jychoi/ubmp/constructed_wetland_systems.htm (475 words)

	Constructed Wetlands Transform Raw Sewage into Pond Water
		Constructed wetlands, planted with aquatic vegetation such as cattails and bulrush, are an effective, natural, and inexpensive wastewater treatment system for livestock and poultry production facilities.
		Constructed wetlands are shallow earthen basins planted with aquatic vegetation.
		Sand Mountain's wetland was constructed in 1988 as a two-tiered system with five, one-tenth acre cells in each of the upper and lower tiers.
	www.ag.auburn.edu /aaes/communications/highlights/fall96/wetlands.htm (947 words)

	Constructed Wetland
		France Park’s constructed wetlands were developed to improve the failing septic systems throughout the park.
		After the wastewater enters a septic tank (where solids settle to the bottom), it is discharged to the constructed wetland through a centralized sewer line.
		In addition, the constructed wetland is becoming a primary visitor destination within the park.
	www.francepark.com /wetlnd.htm (426 words)

	Constructed wetland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A constructed wetland is an artificial marsh or swamp, created for anthropogenic discharge such as wastewater, stormwater runoff or sewage treatment, and as habitat for wildlife, or for land reclamation after mining or other disturbance.
		Natural wetlands act as biofilters, removing sediments and pollutants such as heavy metals from the water, and constructed wetlands can be designed to emulate these features.
		Subsurface horizontal-flow wetlands are less hospitable to mosquitoes, whose populations can be a problem in constructed wetlands (carnivorous plants have been used to address this problem).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Constructed_wetland (365 words)

	Constructed Wetlands
		Constructed wetland systems have been used nationally and internationally with good results, but performance levels decrease in cold climates during winter.
		Since wastewater leaves a constructed wetland as high-quality effluent, the soil in the trench or mound soil treatment system may be better able to accept it, and the system should last longer.
		SF wetlands are better suited for large community systems in milder climates for several reasons: the system can be fenced to prevent public contact, mosquito habitat is not a major issue, freezing is unlikely, and the amount of gravel is minimal, therefore lowering cost.
	www.extension.umn.edu /distribution/naturalresources/DD7671.html (1774 words)

	Sediment and Nutrient Trapping Efficiency of a Constructed Wetland Near Delavan Lake, Wisconsin, 1993-1995
		The function of the wetland as a retention system for suspended sediments and nutrients (total and dissolved phosphorus, total ammonia plus organic nitrogen, dissolved ammonia, and nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen) was studied from February 1993 through September 1995.
		The purpose of this wetland was to reduce sediment and nutrient inflow to the lake and thus contribute to its long-term protection and maintenance.
		Jackson Creek Wetland was constructed in fall 1992 when a 15-acre wetland north of Mound Road was enlarged to 95 acres (fig.
	wi.water.usgs.gov /pubs/FS-232-96 (2422 words)

	Features - Vol 41, No 6 - Constructed Wetlands Offer Flexibility
		A constructed wetlands treatment system (CWTS) is a bed composed of the substrate, water-tolerant plants, the water column, and a microbial population.
		It is the microbial population that is largely responsible for treatment in the constructed wetland.
		In an FWS wetland, the bed is saturated with water, which does not encourage deep root penetration by the vegetation in the bed.
	www.landandwater.com /features/vol41no6/vol41no6_2.html (819 words)

	Using Constructed Wetlands for Removing Contaminants from Livestock Wastewater, A-5-98
		Much interest has developed in recent years in using constructed wetlands to remove contaminants from water, whether it is effluent from municipal or private waste systems, industrial or agricultural wastewater, or acid mine drainage.
		Using constructed wetlands to remove pollutants in livestock wastewater is not for everyone but in some instances, it can be a viable alternative to or a component of a larger wastewater treatment system or plan.
		A properly constructed wetland that is designed to work with the topography has many advantages including: a high level of treatment, low operational expenses, low construction costs, reduced or eliminated odor problems, handling of varying wastewater loadings, reduced land costs for land application of wastewater, ascetic appeal, and providing a wildlife habitat.
	ohioline.osu.edu /a-fact/0005.html (3674 words)

	Constructed Wetlands: Using Human Ingenuity, Natural Processes to Treat Water, Build Habitat
		Constructed wetlands are increasingly being used in Arizona to treat wastewater.
		Constructed wetlands are part of a treatment train, one stage in the treatment process.
		Constructed wetlands therefore attract more attention in arid regions, with their water resource potential likely to be more fully explored and developed.
	ag.arizona.edu /AZWATER/arroyo/094wet.html (7315 words)

	Constructed Wetland Design Manual
		Constructed wetlands can be a good alternative to conventional on-site wastewater disposal systems, which usually consist of a septic tank and a soil absorption field.
		Constructed wetlands are classified as a pretreatment technology, meaning that they treat the septic tank effluent prior to discharge to an absorption field where final polishing occurs.
		A constructed wetland cell for a three bedroom home may have dimensions of 30 by 15 feet.
	danpatch.ecn.purdue.edu /~epados/septics/buildcw.htm (2466 words)

	ALN No. 45: Constructed Wetlands in Southern Arizona
		The use of constructed wetlands for treatment of wastewater is a relatively recent technological innovation in Arizona, particularly in the arid parts of the state.
		The Tres Rios Demonstration Wetlands and associated upland and riparian facilities are large enough for wildlife to feel that they are within a natural system and their responses should be indicative of responses to a larger-scale constructed wetlands project.
		The Sweetwater Wetlands and Recharge Project is a 24.3 ha (60 ac) operational facility built by Tucson Water to combine functional elements such as effluent treatment, recharge, and research with a natural park setting that offers educational and wildlife viewing opportunities to the community.
	ag.arizona.edu /OALS/ALN/aln45/wetlands.html (5054 words)

	Comparison of Constructed Wetland Mesocosms Designed for Treatment of Copper-Contaminated Wastewater
		Eight wetland cells (0.4 ha each) were proposed for this constructed wetland system (four pairs of cells, each pair providing a 48-h HRT for one quarter of the wastestream flow).
		Hydosoils used in the constructed wetland mesocosms were amended with lime for maintaining circumneutral pH, organic matter for supporting anaerobic microbial respiration, sulfur for promoting dissimilatory sulfate reduction and copper sulfide precipitation, and a time-release fertilizer for plant growth (Table 3).
		Constructed wetlands for mitigation of atrazine-associated agricultural runoff.
	sti.srs.gov /fulltext/ms2001128/ms2001128.html (6263 words)

	Constructed Wetland
		Constructed wetlands treatment systems are engineered systems that have been designed and constructed to utilize the natural processes involving wetland vegetation, soils, and their associated microbial assemblages to assist in treating wastewater.
		Both types of wetlands treatment systems typically are constructed in basins or channels with a natural or constructed subsurface barrier to limit seepage.
		Constructed wetlands treatment systems have diverse applications and are found across the country and around the world.
	www.sru.edu /pages/6740.asp (376 words)

	Wetland Science Institute--Conservation Practice Standard
		A wetland that has been constructed for the primary purpose of water quality improvement, i.e., treatment of wastewater from confined animal operations, sewage, surface runoff, milkhouse wastewater, silage leachate, mine drainage.
		Vegetation selected for the constructed wetland will be hydrophytic plants suitable for local climatic conditions and tolerant of the concentrations of nutrients, pesticides, and other constituents in the stormwater or wastewater stream and selected for their treatment potential.
		Constructed wetlands for animal waste management: proceedings of a workshop; 1994 April 4-6; Lafayette, IN.
	www.pwrc.usgs.gov /wli/constds/wlicp280.htm (1081 words)

	Treatment of Domestic Wastewater by a Constructed Upland- Wetland Wastewater Treatment System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Mound systems and constructed wetland systems are technologies that may be of use in these limiting conditions.
		Wetland plants are grown within the substrate to enhance the waste treatment process.
		Wetland only systems are useful for removal of organic constituents such as COD and SS, and for denitrification when preceded by an aerobic component.
	www2.ncsu.edu /ncsu/wrri/reports/house.html (573 words)

	Constructed Wetlands
		Constructed wetlands are engineered, man-made ecosystems specifically designed to treat wastewater, mine drainage, and other waters by optimizing the biological, physical, and chemical processes that occur in natural wetland systems.
		Constructed wetlands can provide effective, economical, and environmentally-sound treatment of wastewater as well as serve as wildlife habitats.
		Constructed wetlands may be used to treat municipal wastewater, agricultural runoff, mine drainage, and other effluents.
	www.hawaii.edu /abrp/Technologies/constru.html (905 words)

	Wetland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Wetlands are found under a wide range of hydrological conditions, but at least some of the time water saturates the soil.
		A Constructed wetland is artificially contrived wetland, intended to absorb flash floods, clean sewage, enhance wildlife or for some other human reason.
		Wetlands are often filled in to be used by humans for everything from agriculture to parking lots, in part because the economic value of wetlands has only been recognised recently: the shrimp and fish that breed in salt water marshes are generally harvested in deeper water, for example.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wetland (1481 words)

	Wastewater treatment process: constructed wetland. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Wetland systems are used to remove biological materials, suspended solids, nutrients, and pathogens from the wastewater.
		The constructed wetland wastewater treatment system consists of three components: septic tank, constructed wetland, and land application system.
		The wetland needs to have a sufficient cross sectional area to accept the water flow entering the wetland.
	primera.tamu.edu /IRRGSYS/treatment4.htm (52 words)

	New Pump Cleans Everglades Water With Plants (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The constructed wetland uses aquatic plants and algae to soak up damaging nutrients, such as phosphorous, from rain water and water flowing south from agricultural areas.
		David Struhs, secretary of the state Department of Environmental Protection, called the $197 million project "truly a marvel of engineering." State officials are touting the state-funded project as the largest constructed wetland in the world.
		The new wetland relies on a series of cattail marshes to naturally clean excess nutrients from the water.
	www.flmnh.ufl.edu /fish/southflorida/news/plants2004.html (518 words)

	Constructed Wetland Guidelines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		During the last 10-15 years, constructed wetlands have become an increasingly popular option for upgrading waste stabilisation ponds and other wastewater treatment plants around New Zealand.
		This has been encouraged by their comparatively low construction and operating costs, perceived "naturalness", and provision of ancillary benefits, such as wildlife habitat.
		They focus on wetlands treating secondary and tertiary-treated domestic sewage, complementing and updating previous guidelines for wetland treatment of farm dairy wastes in New Zealand (Tanner and Kloosterman, 1997).
	www.nzwwa.org.nz /constructedwetlandguidelines.html (169 words)

	Constructed Wetlands for low-cost wastewater treatment and nature conservation
		Constructed Wetlands for low-cost wastewater treatment and nature conservation
		onstructed wetlands are marshes built to treat contaminated water.
		Constructed wetlands may be used to treat water from many different sources:
	www.constructedwetlands.org (131 words)

	Constructed Wetland Association - Events (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The speakers at the conference numbered the leading practicioners of wetland technology.
		The information will be of great use to both designers and users of wetlands.
		Come and join us in Stratford-upon-Avon for a free, one day seminar on the uses of reed beds and constructed wetlands.
	www.constructedwetland.org /events.html (93 words)

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